{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T19:06:25Z","timestamp":1775243185719,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,14]],"date-time":"2007-11-14T10:42:28Z","timestamp":1195036948000},"page":"993-1000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The lessons learned from randomized clinical trials of GERD"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Pace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sonnenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Bianchi Porro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib1","series-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Principles of disease, diagnosis and treatment","article-title":"Clinical spectrum, natural history and epidemiology of GERD","author":"Pace","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.08.006","article-title":"Microscopic esophageal mucosal injury in nonerosive reflux disease","volume":"5","author":"Dent","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2004.01861.x","article-title":"Systematic review: do we need a new gastro-oesophageal reflux disease questionnaire?","volume":"19","author":"Stanghellini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90778-3","article-title":"Cimetidine in the treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux","volume":"74","author":"Behar","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90133-6","article-title":"Oral cimetidine in reflux esophagitis: a double blind controlled trial","volume":"74","author":"Wesdorp","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.10.921","article-title":"Treatment of reflux oesophagitis with ranitidine","volume":"24","author":"Wesdorp","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91726-0","article-title":"Double blind multicentre comparison of omeprazole and ranitidine in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis","volume":"i","author":"Klinkenberg-Knol","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03337.x","article-title":"A clinical trial comparing pantoprazole and esomeprazole to explore the concept of achieving \u2018complete remission\u2019 in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease","volume":"25","author":"Bardhan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02490.x","article-title":"Systematic review: the efficacy of intermittent and on-demand therapy with histamine H2-receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease","volume":"21","author":"Zacny","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1999.00564.x","article-title":"On demand therapy with omeprazole for the long-term management of patients with heartburn without oesophagitis\u2014a placebo-controlled randomized trial","volume":"13","author":"Lind","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.00943.x","article-title":"Esomeprazole 20mg maintains symptom control in endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a controlled trial of \u2018on-demand\u2019 therapy for 6 months","volume":"15","author":"Talley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200208000-00008","article-title":"Esomeprazole 40mg and 20mg is efficacious in the long-term management of patients with endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a placebo-controlled trial of on-demand therapy for 6 months","volume":"14","author":"Talley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310004920","article-title":"Sufficient control of heartburn in endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease trials","volume":"12","author":"Junghard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib14","first-page":"A-530","article-title":"Pantoprazole 40mg is comparable to esomeprazole 40mg for first and sustained symptoms relief in patients with erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)","volume":"128","author":"Van Rensburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibson PG, Henry RL, Coughlan JL. Gastro-oesophageal reflux treatment for asthma in adults and children. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001496. doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD001496.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001496"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296747","article-title":"When is esophagitis healed? Esophageal endoscopy, histology and function before and after cimetidine treatment","volume":"27","author":"Sonnenberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan M, Santana J, Donellan C, Preston C, Moayyedi P. Pharmacological therapies in the short term treatment of oesophagitis. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD003244. doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD003244.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003244.pub2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199802000-00004","article-title":"Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in primary care: an international study of different treatment strategies with omeprazole. International GORD Study Group","volume":"10","author":"Carlsson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donnellan C, Sharma N, Preston C, Moayyedi P. Medical treatments for the maintenance therapy of reflux oesophagitis and endoscopic negative reflux disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD003245. doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD003245.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003245.pub2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02555.x","article-title":"Long-term prevention of erosive or ulcerative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease relapse with rabeprazole 10 or 20mg vs. placebo: results of a 5-year study in the United States","volume":"22","author":"Caos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5492","article-title":"Seven-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial comparing proton-pump inhibition with surgical therapy for reflux oesophagitis","volume":"94","author":"Lundell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.11.1519","article-title":"Oesophagits motility and gastro-oesophageal reflux before and after healing of reflux oesophagitis. A study using 24h ambulatory and pressure monitoring","volume":"35","author":"Timmer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41217.x","article-title":"Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"100","author":"DeVault","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.09.013","article-title":"Esomeprazole versus other proton pump inhibitors in erosive esophagitis: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"4","author":"Gralnek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.02131.x","article-title":"Review article: trials on reflux disease\u2014the role of acid secretion and inhibition","volume":"20","author":"Sonnenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529509093245","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effect of placebo on the outcome of medically treated reflux esophagitis","volume":"30","author":"Pace","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00288-5","article-title":"Effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in nonerosive reflux disease","volume":"2","author":"Dean","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.18.2331","article-title":"Long-term outcome of medical and surgical therapies for gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"285","author":"Spechler","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.20083","article-title":"Outcome research in gastroenterology: the case of gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"67","author":"Pace","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Dev Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-9-199605010-00008","article-title":"From outcomes research to disease management. A guide for the perplexed","volume":"124","author":"Epstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Outcomes of Cancer Outcomes Research. Focusing on the National Cancer Institute's Quality of Care Initiative. Med Care 2002;40:3\u201310.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200206001-00002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199007263230410","article-title":"The outcomes movement-will it get us where we want to go?","author":"Epstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(01)02591-6","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"96","author":"Wiklund","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200321110-00002","article-title":"The impact of treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease on health-related quality of life. A literature review","volume":"21","author":"Prasad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib35","first-page":"22","article-title":"Esomeprazole is superior to ranitidine 150mg bid in maintaining quality of life (QoL) in patients with symptomatic GERD","volume":"38","author":"Wiklund","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.051821","article-title":"Epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Dent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.09.016","article-title":"Time trends of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"El-Serag","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865807005439?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865807005439?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,4]],"date-time":"2019-05-04T08:07:34Z","timestamp":1556957254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1590865807005439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1590865807005439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-8658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-8658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}}}