{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T07:55:18Z","timestamp":1761292518964},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,13]],"date-time":"2008-04-13T12:27:02Z","timestamp":1208089622000},"page":"312-317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Diagnosis and monitoring of portal hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"de Franchis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Dell\u2019Era","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Primignani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.10.013","article-title":"Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies","volume":"1","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50385","article-title":"Upper digestive bleeding in cirrhosis. Post-therapeutic outcome and prognostic indicators","volume":"3","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20062","article-title":"The hepatic venous pressure gradient: anything worth doing should be done right","volume":"39","author":"Groszmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib4","series-title":"Oxford textbook of clinical hepatology","first-page":"653","article-title":"Pathophysiology of portal hypertension and its complications","author":"Bosch","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90905-1","article-title":"Portal hypertension, size of esophageal varices, and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"79","author":"Lebrec","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840050313","article-title":"Portal pressure, presence of gastroesophageal varices and variceal bleeding","volume":"5","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib7","first-page":"1297","article-title":"Hemodynamic evaluation of patients with intrahepatic portal hypertension: relationship between bleeding varices and the portohepatic gradient","volume":"69","author":"Viallet","year":"1975","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91168-6","article-title":"Hemodynamic events in a prospective randomized trial of propranolol versus placebo in the prevention of a first variceal hemorrhage","volume":"99","author":"Groszmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v111.pm8780575","article-title":"Prognostic value of hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement in alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"111","author":"Vorobioff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060122","article-title":"Assessment of short-term prognosis after variceal bleeding in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis by early measurement of portohepatic gradient","volume":"6","author":"Vinel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080205","article-title":"Prognostic indicators in alcoholic cirrhotic men","volume":"8","author":"Gluud","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-10-869","article-title":"Propranolol compared with propranolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate for portal hypertension in cirrhosis. A randomized controlled study","volume":"114","author":"Garcia-Pagan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199606203342502","article-title":"Nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate compared with sclerotherapy for the prevention of variceal rebleeding","volume":"334","author":"Villanueva","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70455-5","article-title":"Prognostic value of early measurements of portal pressure in acute variceal bleeding","volume":"117","author":"Moitinho","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.05.024","article-title":"Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) predicts clinical decompensation (CD) in patients (pts) with compensated cirrhosis","volume":"133","author":"Ripoll","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80320-7","article-title":"Updating consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno III Consensus Workshop on definitions, methodology and therapeutic strategies in portal hypertension","volume":"33","author":"de Franchis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198810133191505","article-title":"Prediction of the first variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices","volume":"319","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(87)80015-6","article-title":"Reliability of endoscopy in the assessment of variceal features","volume":"4","author":"The Italian Liver Cirrhosis Project","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib19","series-title":"Portal hypertension III: proceedings of the third Baveno International Consensus Workshop on definitions, methodology and therapeutic strategies","first-page":"36","article-title":"Diagnosis of portal hypertension: how and when","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(81)80123-0","article-title":"Aspects of natural history of gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis and the effect of prednisone","volume":"81","author":"Christensen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3528(97)90038-5","article-title":"Natural history. Clinical-haemodynamic correlations. Prediction of the risk of bleeding","volume":"11","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bailliere's Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007133","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatment of portal hypertension: an evidence-based approach","volume":"19","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sem Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00420-8","article-title":"Incidence and natural history of small oesophageal varices in cirrhotic patients","volume":"38","author":"Merli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.05.004","article-title":"A placebo-controlled clinical trial of nadolol in the prophylaxis of growth of small esophageal varices in cirrhosis","volume":"2","author":"Merkel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01775.x","article-title":"Natural history of cirrhotic patients with small esophageal varices: a prospective study","volume":"2","author":"Zoli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00011-4","article-title":"Evaluation and follow-up of patients with cirrhosis and oesophageal varices","volume":"3","author":"de Franchis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80127-9","article-title":"Developing consensus in portal hypertension","volume":"25","author":"de Franchis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280339","article-title":"Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding: an AASLD single-topic symposium","volume":"28","author":"Grace","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl. III","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"UK guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients","volume":"46","author":"Jalan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib30","unstructured":"Pascal JP, Cal\u00e8s P, Desmorat H. Natural history of esophageal varices. In: Bosch J, Rod\u00e8s J, editors. Recent advances in the pathophysiology and treatment of portal hypertension. Serono Symposia review n \u00b0 22, Rome, Italy, 1989, p. 127\u201342."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(02)70404-5","article-title":"American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Complications of upper GI endoscopy","volume":"55","author":"Eisen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.1999.01949.x","article-title":"Prediction of oesophagogastric varices in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"14","author":"Ng","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80288-8","article-title":"Non-invasive diagnosis of esophageal varices in chronic liver diseases","volume":"31","author":"Pilette","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.1539_a.x","article-title":"Predictors of large esophageal varices in cirrhosis","volume":"94","author":"Chalasani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.21410","article-title":"Which patients should undergo endoscopic screening for esophageal varices detection?","volume":"33","author":"Schepis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.21.2564","article-title":"Risk factors for the presence of varices in cirrhotic patients without history of variceal hemorrhage","volume":"161","author":"Zaman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Int Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200201000-00016","article-title":"A prediction of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"34","author":"Madhotra","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(03)00219-6","article-title":"Non-invasive predictors of the presence of large oesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"35","author":"Thomopoulos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20029","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of esophageal varices in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"39","author":"Zein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.8.1200","article-title":"Platelet count\/spleen diameter ratio: proposal and validation of a non-invasive parameter to predict the presence of oesophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"52","author":"Giannini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00874.x","article-title":"Platelet count\/spleen diameter ratio for the non invasive diagnosis of esophageal varices. Results of a multicenter, prospective, validation study","volume":"101","author":"Giannini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01227.x","article-title":"Non-invasive diagnosis of large oesophageal varices by fibrotest in patents with cirrhosis: a preliminary retrospective study","volume":"26","author":"Thabut","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.04.006","article-title":"Liver stiffness measurement selects patients with cirrhosis at risk of bearing large oesophageal varices","volume":"45","author":"Kazemi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2423050784","article-title":"Esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis: multidetector CT esophagography\u2014comparison with endoscopy","volume":"242","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-921189","article-title":"The accuracy of PillCam ESO capsule endoscopy versus conventional upper endoscopy for the diagnosis of esophageal varices: a prospective three-center pilot study","volume":"38","author":"Eisen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924975","article-title":"Esophageal capsule endoscopy versus esophagogastroduodenoscopy for evaluating portal hypertension: a prospective comparative study of performance and tolerance","volume":"38","author":"Lapalus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib47","unstructured":"Groce JR, Raju GS, Sood GK, Snyder N. A prospective blinded comparative trial of capsule esophagoscopy vs. traditional EGD for variceal screening. Gastroenterology 2007;132 (suppl 2):A802 [abstract]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Franchis R, Eisen GM, Eliakim R, Sahota A, Fernandez-Uri\u00e8n I, Herrerias JM, et al. Esophageal Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam ESO) is comparable to traditional endoscopy for detection of esophageal varices\u2014an international multicenter study. Endoscopy 2007;65:DDW abstract issue: AB 107.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.03.017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.31308","article-title":"Endoscopic screening for esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients","volume":"35","author":"Riggio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.05.009","article-title":"Evolving consensus in portal hypertension. Report of the Baveno IV Consensus Workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension","volume":"43","author":"de Franchis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00880.x","article-title":"Noninvasive diagnosis of esophageal varices: is it feasible?","volume":"101","author":"de Franchis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865807006950?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865807006950?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T07:56:11Z","timestamp":1588578971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1590865807006950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1590865807006950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2007.12.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-8658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-8658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}}}