{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:14:43Z","timestamp":1766157283821},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,11]],"date-time":"2008-03-11T16:10:10Z","timestamp":1205251810000},"page":"874-881","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["High-d-dimer plasma levels predict poor outcome in esophageal variceal bleeding"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Primignani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Dell\u2019Era","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bucciarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Bottasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.T.","family":"Bajetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"de Franchis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800720205","article-title":"Prediction of outcome following acute variceal hemorrhage","volume":"72","author":"Garden","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1018418","article-title":"Prognostic factors in upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"18","author":"de Dombal","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840090602","article-title":"Cirrhotics with variceal hemorrhage: the importance of the time interval between admission and the start of analysis for survival and rebleeding rates","volume":"9","author":"Burroughs","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)68827-5","article-title":"Predictors of mortality after first episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis","volume":"32","author":"del Olmo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib5","series-title":"Haemostasis and thrombosis","first-page":"861","article-title":"Haemostatic abnormalities in liver disease","author":"Joist","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(91)90022-O","article-title":"Hepatic synthesis and clearance of components of the fibrinolytic system in healthy volunteers and in patients with different stages of liver cirrhosis","volume":"62","author":"Huber","year":"1991","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(92)90253-7","article-title":"Changes of the fibrinolitic system in liver disfunction: role of portal hypertension","volume":"67","author":"Lasierra","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994024","article-title":"Hemostasis in advanced liver disease","volume":"19","author":"Paramo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sem Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840170115","article-title":"Hyperfibrinolysis resulting from clotting activation in patients with different degrees of cirrhosis","volume":"17","author":"Violi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The North Italian Endoscopic Club for the Study and Treatment of Oesophageal Varices. Prediction of the first variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices: a prospective multicenter study. N Eng J Med 1988;319:983\u201398.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198810133191505"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840150420","article-title":"Hyperfibrinolysis increases the risk of gastrointestinal hemorrage in patients with advanced cirrhosis","volume":"15","author":"Violi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1996.tb01838.x","article-title":"Circadian occurrence of variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"11","author":"Siringo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310214","article-title":"Diurnal changes of fibrinolysis in patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices","volume":"31","author":"Piscaglia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)06020-6","article-title":"Bacterial infection in the pathogenesis of variceal bleeding","volume":"353","author":"Goulis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270504","article-title":"Bacterial infection is independently associated with failure to control bleeding in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage","volume":"27","author":"Goulis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90342-9","article-title":"Association between low-grade disseminated intravascular coagulation and endotoxemia in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"109","author":"Violi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)76463-1","article-title":"Endotoxaemia, hyperfibrinolysis, and bleeding in cirrhosis","volume":"353","author":"Basili","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290437","article-title":"Infection and hemostasis in decompensated cirrhosis: a prospective study using thrombelastography","volume":"29","author":"Papatheodoridis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80127-9","article-title":"Developing consensus in portal hypertension","volume":"25","author":"de Franchis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22172","article-title":"A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease","volume":"33","author":"Kamath","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90146-9","article-title":"Prognostic significance of bacterial infection in bleeding cirrhotic patients: a prospective study","volume":"108","author":"Bernard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012739815892","article-title":"Presence of bacterial infection in bleeding cirrhotic patients is independently associated with early mortality and failure to control bleeding","volume":"46","author":"Vivas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290608","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis (AbP) for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding (GB): a meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Bernard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80320-7","article-title":"Updating consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno III consensus workshop on definitions, methodology and therapeutic strategies in portal hypertension","volume":"33","author":"de Franchis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib25","first-page":"CD002907","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"2","author":"Soares-Weiser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)90525-4","article-title":"Tranexamic acid in upper gastrointestinal haemorrage","volume":"1","author":"Cormack","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.17.9.729","article-title":"Tranexamic acid and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage\u2014a double-blind trial","volume":"17","author":"Biggs","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3109\/00365527909181413","article-title":"Tranexamic acid in massive haemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract: a double-blind study","volume":"14","author":"Engqvist","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198306303082606","article-title":"Cimetidine and tranexamic acid in the treatment of acute upper-gastrointestinal-tract bleeding","volume":"308","author":"Barer","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6563.7","article-title":"Tranexamic acid as an aid to reducing blood transfusion requirements in gastric and duodenal bleeding","volume":"294","author":"von Holstein","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528709089767","article-title":"Tranexamic acid in gastric and duodenal bleeding","volume":"137","author":"Stael von Holstein","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6681.1142","article-title":"Effects of fibrinolytic inhibitors on mortality from upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage","volume":"298","author":"Henry","year":"1989","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib33","first-page":"861","article-title":"Comparative effect of tranexamico acid on the reduction of bleeding during and after cardiac surgery","volume":"47","author":"Okuyama","year":"1998","journal-title":"Masui-Jpn J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199808000-00005","article-title":"Tranexamic acid and aprotinin reduce postoperative bleeding and transfusion during primary coronary revascularization","volume":"87","author":"Mongan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199611000-00012","article-title":"Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss, transfusion requirements and coagulation factor use in primary orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"85","author":"Boylan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865808000303?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865808000303?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,5]],"date-time":"2021-09-05T18:14:29Z","timestamp":1630865669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1590865808000303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1590865808000303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-8658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-8658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}}}