{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:55:54Z","timestamp":1790862954777,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,17]],"date-time":"2008-05-17T08:55:30Z","timestamp":1211014530000},"page":"504-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Helicobacter pylori infection and the pathogenesis of gastric cancer: A paradigm for host\u2013bacterial interactions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"McNamara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"El-Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib1","unstructured":"IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Vol. 61. Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori. Lyon, France: IARC; 1994. p. 177\u2013240."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.11.009","article-title":"Host-bacterial interactions in Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"134","author":"Amieva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90374-7","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and abnormalities of acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer disease","volume":"109","author":"El-Omar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70075-1","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic gastric acid hyposecretion","volume":"113","author":"El-Omar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib5","first-page":"6735","article-title":"Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multi-step and multifactorial process\u2014First American Cancer Society Award Lecture on Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention","volume":"52","author":"Correa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.080358","article-title":"Why does Japan have a high incidence of gastric cancer? Comparison of gastritis between UK and Japanese patients","volume":"55","author":"Naylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70633-X","article-title":"The role of internal urease in acid resistance of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"114","author":"Scott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5452.482","article-title":"A H+-gated urea channel: the link between Helicobacter pylori urease and gastric colonization","volume":"287","author":"Weeks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5552","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.10.5552","article-title":"Differential activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in AGS gastric epithelial cells by cag+ and cag\u2212 Helicobacter pylori","volume":"163","author":"Keates","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.4.593","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori CagA protein can be tyrosine phosphorylated in gastric epithelial cells","volume":"191","author":"Asahi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067147","article-title":"SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase as an intracellular target of Helicobacter pylori CagA protein","volume":"295","author":"Higashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3664","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208155200","article-title":"Attenuation of Helicobacter pylori CagA\u00d7SHP-2 signaling by interaction between CagA and C-terminal Src kinase","volume":"278","author":"Tsutsumi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)00868-7","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"33","author":"Naito","year":"2002","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20045","article-title":"Relationships between cagA, vacA, and iceA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori and DNA damage in the gastric mucosa","volume":"44","author":"Ladeira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Mol Mutagen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14428","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.222375399","article-title":"Biological activity of the Helicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA is determined by variation in the tyrosine phosphorylation sites","volume":"99","author":"Higashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1086\/381782","article-title":"Association between diversity in the Src homology 2 domain\u2014containing tyrosine phosphatase binding site of Helicobacter pylori CagA protein and gastric atrophy and cancer","volume":"189","author":"Azuma","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5080","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.8.5080-5087.2001","article-title":"Vacuolating cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori induces apoptosis in the human gastric epithelial cell line AGS","volume":"69","author":"Kuck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45634-0","article-title":"Analysis of gene expression profile in gastric cancer cells stimulated with Helicobacter pylori isogenic strains","volume":"53","author":"Yuan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5349.373","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori adhesin binding fucosylated histo-blood group antigens revealed by retagging","volume":"279","author":"Ilver","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib20","first-page":"531","article-title":"Adherence to gastric epithelial cells induces expression of a Helicobacter pylori gene, ice A, that is associated with clinical outcome","volume":"110","author":"Peek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Assoc Am Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7533","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.130079797","article-title":"A M(r) 34,000 proinflammatory outer membrane protein (oipA) of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"97","author":"Yamaoka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.12.048","article-title":"Role of interferon-stimulated responsive element-like element in interleukin-8 promoter in Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"126","author":"Yamaoka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.08.033","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the relationship between CagA seropositivity and gastric cancer","volume":"125","author":"Huang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-4389.2004.00222.x","article-title":"Is the association between Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer confined to CagA-positive strains?","volume":"9","author":"Held","year":"2004","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/41483","article-title":"The complete genome sequence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori","volume":"388","author":"Tomb","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/35006081","article-title":"Rabkin CS. Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer","volume":"404","author":"El-Omar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00157-4","article-title":"Increased risk of noncardia gastric cancer associated with proinflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms","volume":"124","author":"El-Omar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.072942","article-title":"Interleukin 1B proinflammatory genotypes protect against gastro-oesophageal reflux disease through induction of corpus atrophy","volume":"55","author":"Ando","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.03.069","article-title":"IL1B and IL1RN polymorphic genes and Helicobacter pylori cagA strains decrease the risk of reflux esophagitis","volume":"127","author":"Queiroz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.28000","article-title":"Interleukin 1B and interleukin 1RN polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of gastric carcinoma","volume":"121","author":"Machado","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.22.1680","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and interleukin 1 genotyping: an opportunity to identify high-risk Individuals for gastric carcinoma","volume":"94","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00899-0","article-title":"A proinflammatory genetic profile increases the risk for chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinoma","volume":"125","author":"Machado","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1086\/376458","article-title":"Synergistic effect of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors and interleukin-1 polymorphisms for the development of severe histological changes in the gastric mucosa","volume":"188","author":"Rad","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.50084.x","article-title":"Interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk in a high-risk Italian population","volume":"100","author":"Palli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.34156","article-title":"Interleukin 1beta polymorphisms increase risk of hypochlorhydria and atrophic gastritis and reduce risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence in Japan","volume":"123","author":"Furuta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20718","article-title":"Role of the polymorphic IL-1B, IL-1RN and TNF-A genes in distal gastric cancer in Mexico","volume":"114","author":"Garza-Gonzalez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-003-1315-4","article-title":"Novel interleukin 1beta polymorphism increased the risk of gastric cancer in a Korean population","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22353","article-title":"Association of interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms with gastric cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0189","article-title":"Interleukin-1beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Camargo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0267","article-title":"Interleukin-1B polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk\u2014a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Kamangar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.2.227","article-title":"Interleukin 1 beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibit acid secretion in cultured rabbit parietal cells by multiple pathways","volume":"42","author":"Beales","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib42","first-page":"A23","article-title":"The IL-8-251 promoter polymorphism is associated with high IL-8 production, severe inflammation and increased risk of pre-malignant changes in H. pylori positive subjects","volume":"126","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0326","article-title":"Interleukin-8 promoter polymorphism increases the risk of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer in Japan","volume":"14","author":"Taguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgh349","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-1RN, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor {alpha} and risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese population","volume":"26","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6431","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-0942","article-title":"The -251T allele of the interleukin-8 promoter is associated with increased risk of gastric carcinoma featuring diffuse-type histopathology in Chinese population","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.033050","article-title":"The polymorphism interleukin 8-251 A\/T influences the susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori related gastric diseases in the Japanese population","volume":"54","author":"Ohyauchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib47","first-page":"A19","article-title":"The interleukin-8-251 promoter polymorphism and risk of gastric cancer in Caucasian and Japanese populations","volume":"128","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099513","article-title":"Gastric cancer originating from bone marrow-derived cells","volume":"306","author":"Houghton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.4.1806-1814.2000","article-title":"Activation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression by Helicobacter pylori is regulated by NF-kappaB in gastric epithelial cancer cells","volume":"68","author":"Mori","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib50","first-page":"2768","article-title":"Implication of NF-kappaB in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis","volume":"95","author":"Isomoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9178683","article-title":"Pattern of adhesion molecule expression on vascular endothelium in Helicobacter pylori-associated antral gastritis","volume":"112","author":"Hatz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7128","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.12.7128","article-title":"An essential role of the NF-kappa B\/Toll-like receptor pathway in induction of inflammatory and tissue-repair gene expression by necrotic cells","volume":"166","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i15.2232","article-title":"Increased oxidative DNA damage, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor kappaB expression and enhanced antiapoptosis-related proteins in Helicobacter pylori-infected non-cardiac gastric adenocarcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.08.018","article-title":"Toll-like receptors: linking innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"6","author":"Pasare","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.12.026","article-title":"A functional polymorphism of toll-like receptor 4 gene increases risk of gastric carcinoma and its precursors","volume":"132","author":"Hold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636562","article-title":"TLR9 polymorphisms determine murine lymphocyte responses to Helicobacter: results from a genome-wide scan","volume":"37","author":"Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210912","article-title":"Polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor genes and risk of cancer","volume":"27","author":"El-Omar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"}],"container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S159086580800090X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S159086580800090X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T11:57:17Z","timestamp":1684411037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S159086580800090X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S159086580800090X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.031","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-8658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-8658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}}}