{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:03:05Z","timestamp":1790391785407,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dldjournalonline.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T12:56:51Z","timestamp":1527512211000},"page":"1225-1231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Prevalence, predictors and impact of bacterial infection in acute on chronic liver failure patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1247-437X","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Shalimar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyanranjan","family":"Rout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shekhar S.","family":"Jadaun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyan","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Kedia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Gunjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baibaswata","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subrat Kumar","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arti","family":"Kapil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.010","article-title":"Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: distinctive features and clinical relevance","volume":"61","author":"Albillos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.08.001","article-title":"A prospective multicentre study of the epidemiology and outcomes of bloodstream infection in cirrhotic patients","volume":"24","author":"Bartoletti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.024","article-title":"Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: a position statement based on the EASL special conference 2013","volume":"60","author":"Jalan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.19","article-title":"Bacterial infections change natural history of cirrhosis irrespective of liver disease severity","volume":"112","author":"Dionigi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.019","article-title":"Infections in patients with cirrhosis increase mortality four-fold and should be used in determining prognosis","volume":"139","author":"Arvaniti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0030","article-title":"Bacterial and fungal infections in acute-on-chronic liver failure: prevalence, characteristics and impact on prognosis","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000823","article-title":"Severity and outcome of acute-on-Chronic liver failure is dependent on the etiology of acute hepatic insults: analysis of 368 patients","volume":"51","author":"Shalimar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.09.016","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in patients with cirrhosis is associated with rapid decompensation and death","volume":"46","author":"Kumar Acharya","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.042","article-title":"Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis","volume":"144","author":"Moreau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0050","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"2018","author":"EASL","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230622","article-title":"Fulminant hepatitis in a tropical population: clinical course, cause, and early predictors of outcome","volume":"23","author":"Acharya","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6553(88)90053-3","article-title":"CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988","volume":"16","author":"Garner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13213","article-title":"Acute on chronic liver failure because of acute hepatic insults: etiologies, course, extrahepatic organ failure and predictors of mortality","volume":"31","author":"Shalimar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)30210-3","article-title":"Fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"77","author":"Riegler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.06.012","article-title":"Development and validation of a prognostic score to predict mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"61","author":"Jalan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800600817","article-title":"Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices","volume":"60","author":"Pugh","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801209","article-title":"Hyponatremia and mortality among patients on the liver-transplant waiting list","volume":"359","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0090","first-page":"307","article-title":"Practice guideline committee of the american association for the study of liver diseases, practice parameters committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Alcoholic liver disease","volume":"51","author":"O\u2019Shea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.05.004","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis","volume":"53","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25947","article-title":"Second infections independently increase mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: the North American consortium for the study of end-stage liver disease (NACSELD) experience","volume":"56","author":"Bajaj","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14934","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i40.14934","article-title":"Chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment is better than the Asia-Pacific association for the study of liver criteria for defining acute-on-chronic liver failure and predicting outcome","volume":"20","author":"Dhiman","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12559","article-title":"Systemic inflammation is associated with increased intrahepatic resistance and mortality in alcohol-related acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"35","author":"Mehta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013_bib0115","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predictors of infection in viral-hepatitis related acute liver failure","author":"Shalimar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865818307576?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865818307576?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T19:18:51Z","timestamp":1558120731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1590865818307576"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1590865818307576"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-8658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-8658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence, predictors and impact of bacterial infection in acute on chronic liver failure patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Digestive and Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2018.05.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}