{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T10:00:23Z","timestamp":1776506423418,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","dldjournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:31:26Z","timestamp":1582677086000},"page":"457-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Two decades of pediatric celiac disease in a tertiary referral center: What has changed?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Krauthammer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anat","family":"Guz-Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noam","family":"Zevit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luba","family":"Marderfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orith","family":"Waisbourd-Zinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7801-7983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ari","family":"Silbermintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Mozer-Glassberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vered","family":"Nachmias Friedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Rozenfeld Bar Lev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manar","family":"Matar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Assa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raanan","family":"Shamir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001532","article-title":"Increasing incidence and altered presentation in a population-based study of pediatric celiac disease in North America","volume":"65","author":"Almallouhi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037","article-title":"Global prevalence of celiac disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.3858","article-title":"Celiac disease: a review","volume":"168","author":"Guandalini","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-018-3103-4","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of paediatric coeliac disease: a 10-year single-centre experience","volume":"177","author":"Van Kalleveen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra010852","article-title":"Celiac sprue","volume":"346","author":"Farrell","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3528(97)90028-2","article-title":"The spectrum of coeliac disease in children","volume":"11","author":"Catassi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.012","article-title":"What are the sensitivity and specificity of serologic tests for celiac disease?","volume":"128","author":"Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2373","article-title":"The changing face of childhood celiac disease in North America: impact of serological testing","volume":"124","author":"McGowan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001240","article-title":"The presenting pattern of pediatric celiac disease","volume":"63","author":"Khatib","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2007.38","article-title":"Emerging new clinical patterns in the presentation of celiac disease","volume":"162","author":"Telega","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0055","series-title":"Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System","author":"WHO","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0060","series-title":"Iron Deficiency Anaemia Assessment, Prevention, and Control: a Guide for Programme Managers","author":"WHO\/UNICEF\/UNU","year":"2001"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181886047","article-title":"Anthropometric, serologic, and laboratory correlation with villous blunting in pediatric celiac disease: diabetics are different","volume":"43","author":"Jatla","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"June (2 Suppl.)","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S110","article-title":"The use of blood concentrations of vitamins and their respective functional indicators to define folate and vitamin B12 status","volume":"29","author":"Selhub","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1894","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in children and its management: review of current knowledge and recommendations","volume":"122","author":"Misra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31826a105d","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"56","author":"Alkhouri","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.07.057","article-title":"Presentation of celiac disease in finnish children is no longer changing: a 50-Year perspective","volume":"167","author":"Kivel\u00e4","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0095","first-page":"14","article-title":"The changing clinical profile of celiac disease: a 15-year experience (1998-2012) in an Italian referral center","volume":"18","author":"Volta","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.12.077","article-title":"At-risk screened children with celiac disease are comparable in disease severity and dietary adherence to those found because of clinical suspicion: a large cohort study","volume":"183","author":"Kivel\u00e4","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001475","article-title":"Serum vitamins and minerals at diagnosis and follow-up in children with celiac disease","volume":"65","author":"Deora","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0110","first-page":"833","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral deficiency in children newly diagnosed with celiac disease","volume":"45","author":"Erdem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.078","article-title":"Complementary serologic investigations in children with celiac disease is unnecessary during follow-up","volume":"169","author":"Wessels","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000368","article-title":"Is it necessary to assess for fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed celiac disease?","volume":"59","author":"Imam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301346","article-title":"The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms","volume":"62","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.016","article-title":"Prevalence of celiac disease in patients with Iron deficiency Anemia-a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"155","author":"Mahadev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7908","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i35.7908","article-title":"Anemia and iron deficiency in gastrointestinal and liver conditions","volume":"22","author":"Stein","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.22123","article-title":"Current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease: an evolving spectrum","volume":"120","author":"Fasano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001420","article-title":"Extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease: effectiveness of the gluten-free diet","volume":"65","author":"Jericho","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001234","article-title":"Anemia and Iron deficiency in children with potential celiac disease","volume":"64","author":"Repo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0155","article-title":"Rate, risk factors, and outcomes of Nonadherence in pediatric patients with celiac disease: a systematic review","author":"Myl\u00e9us","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000433","article-title":"Quality of life in screen-detected celiac disease patients in the United States","volume":"50","author":"Mahadev","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000571","article-title":"High adherence to a gluten-free diet in adolescents with screening-detected celiac disease","volume":"60","author":"Webb","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001480","article-title":"Antitissue transglutaminase normalization post diagnosis in children with celiac disease","volume":"65","author":"Isaac","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001270","article-title":"Normalization time of celiac serology in children on a gluten-free diet","volume":"64","author":"Gidrewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3762","article-title":"Specific celiac disease antibodies in children on a gluten-free diet","volume":"128","author":"Hogen Esch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1159\/000320714","article-title":"Follow-up of children with celiac disease - lost in translation?","volume":"83","author":"Mozer-Glassberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1159\/000368395","article-title":"Pediatric celiac disease patients who are lost to follow-up have a poorly controlled disease","volume":"90","author":"Barnea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0","article-title":"European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease","volume":"54","author":"Husby","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511007367","article-title":"A score that verifies adherence to a gluten-free diet: a cross-sectional, multicentre validation in real clinical life","volume":"108","author":"Biagi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.04.010","article-title":"Assessment of dietary compliance in celiac children using a standardized dietary interview","volume":"37","author":"Wessels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865820300463?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865820300463?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T04:12:32Z","timestamp":1761624752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1590865820300463"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1590865820300463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-8658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-8658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Two decades of pediatric celiac disease in a tertiary referral center: What has changed?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Digestive and Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}