{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:14:04Z","timestamp":1792516444356,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","dldjournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T09:10:21Z","timestamp":1607332221000},"page":"298-305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["The gut\u2013brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Ancona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Petito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Iavarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Petito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Galasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Leonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Turchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Belella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Ferrarrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Addolorato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Armuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gasbarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Scaldaferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0307-y","article-title":"The healthy human microbiome","volume":"8","author":"Lloyd-Price","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0002","article-title":"The microbiota-gut\u2013brain axis in gastrointestinal inflammation and neurological comorbidities","volume":"2","author":"Breugelmans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09944","article-title":"Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome","volume":"473","author":"MetaHIT Consortium (additional members)","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8787","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i29.8787","article-title":"Role of the normal gut microbiota","volume":"21","author":"Jandhyala","year":"2015","journal-title":"WJG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.50","article-title":"Transmission of the gut microbiota: spreading of health","volume":"15","author":"Browne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.07.019","article-title":"Transferring the blues: depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat","volume":"82","author":"Kelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4172\/2472-0496.1000113","article-title":"The brain-body-microbial communities: a crosstalk and stress exchange beyond the \u201cGut hypothesis.\u201d","volume":"2","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Abnorm Behav Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0008","first-page":"795","article-title":"Intestinal permeability in physiological and pathological conditions: major determinants and assessment modalities","volume":"23","author":"Graziani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010529108","article-title":"Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior","volume":"108","author":"Heijtz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.05.002","article-title":"Microbiota and neurodevelopmental windows: implications for brain disorders","volume":"20","author":"Borre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00429-4","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress","volume":"53","author":"Tsigos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.02.037","article-title":"Brain\u2013Gut microbiome interactions and functional bowel disorders","volume":"146","author":"Mayer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0013","first-page":"28","article-title":"The gut\u2013brain axis: influence of microbiota on mood and mental health","volume":"17","author":"Appleton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Integr Med (Encinitas)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20180114","article-title":"Fantastic voyage: the journey of intestinal microbiota-derived microvesicles through the body","volume":"46","author":"Stentz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.04.001","article-title":"The immune receptor NOD1 and Kinase RIP2 interact with bacterial peptidoglycan on early endosomes to promote autophagy and inflammatory signaling","volume":"15","author":"Irving","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.08.004","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles of a human commensal mediate immune regulation and disease protection","volume":"12","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2017.26.6.369","article-title":"Metagenome analysis of bodily microbiota in a mouse model of alzheimer disease using bacteria-derived membrane vesicles in blood","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201401803","article-title":"In vivo kinetic biodistribution of nano-sized outer membrane vesicles derived from bacteria","volume":"11","author":"Jang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54673","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054673","article-title":"Brain microbial populations in HIV\/AIDS: \u03b1-proteobacteria predominate independent of host immune status","volume":"8","author":"Branton","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003391","article-title":"Gram-negative bacterial molecules associate with Alzheimer disease pathology","volume":"87","author":"Zhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00195","article-title":"16S rRNA next generation sequencing analysis shows bacteria in alzheimer's post-mortem brain","volume":"9","author":"Emery","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.3","article-title":"A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression","volume":"21","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172779","article-title":"Coping strategies, satisfaction with life, and quality of life in Crohn's disease: a gender perspective using structural equation modeling analysis","volume":"12","author":"Sarid","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.22888","article-title":"Risk factors of anxiety and depression in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"Nahon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_46_17","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Banerjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.07.001","article-title":"Prevalence and effectiveness of psychiatric treatments for patients with IBD: a systematic literature review","volume":"101","author":"Tarricone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01980.x","article-title":"The manitoba IBD cohort study: a population-based study of the prevalence of lifetime and 12-month anxiety and mood disorders","volume":"103","author":"Walker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2011.13.1\/wkaton","article-title":"Epidemiology and treatment of depression in patients with chronic medical illness","volume":"13","author":"Katon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17235\/reed.2016.4389\/2016","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and functional constipation in the adult","author":"Mearin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20873","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of comorbidity and management","volume":"15","author":"Graff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.032","article-title":"Functional Gastrointestinal disorders: history, pathophysiology, clinical features, and Rome IV","volume":"150","author":"Drossman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2031480","article-title":"The role of mast cells in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"2016","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S174982","article-title":"The role of inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)","volume":"11","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00410-6","article-title":"A controlled study of colonic immune activity and \u03b27 Blood T lymphocytes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Ohman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.03.049","article-title":"Gut microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome-A systematic review","volume":"157","author":"Pittayanon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01136","article-title":"The microbiome and irritable bowel syndrome \u2013 a review on the pathophysiology, current research and future therapy","volume":"10","author":"Chong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2017.01.142","article-title":"Altered molecular signature of intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome patients compared with healthy controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Digest Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm16220","article-title":"The increased level of depression and anxiety in irritable bowel syndrome patients compared with healthy controls: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.016","article-title":"Serotonin and GI clinical disorders","volume":"55","author":"Spiller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaf6397","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf6397","article-title":"Transplantation of fecal microbiota from patients with irritable bowel syndrome alters gut function and behavior in recipient mice","volume":"9","author":"De Palma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0260-z","article-title":"Differences in gut microbial composition correlate with regional brain volumes in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Labus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.33264","article-title":"The limbic system","volume":"49","author":"Rajmohan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0656-z","article-title":"Evidence for an association of gut microbial Clostridia with brain functional connectivity and gastrointestinal sensorimotor function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, based on tripartite network analysis","volume":"7","author":"Labus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0044","first-page":"8","article-title":"Roles of autophagy-related genes in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303207","article-title":"Bacteria penetrate the normally impenetrable inner colon mucus layer in both murine colitis models and patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"63","author":"Johansson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.281","article-title":"Mucolytic bacteria with increased prevalence in IBD mucosa augment in vitro utilization of mucin by other bacteria","volume":"105","author":"Png","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02247","article-title":"The gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"9","author":"Zuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.005","article-title":"The treatment-naive microbiome in new-onset Crohn's disease","volume":"15","author":"Gevers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.12.015","article-title":"Microbiotas from humans with inflammatory bowel disease alter the balance of gut Th17 and ROR\u03b3t+ regulatory T cells and exacerbate colitis in mice","volume":"50","author":"Britton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20101","article-title":"Microbial diversity of inflamed and noninflamed gut biopsy tissues in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"Sepehri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16731","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804812105","article-title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients","volume":"105","author":"Sokol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2017.08.020","article-title":"Symptoms of anxiety and depression are independently associated with inflammatory bowel disease-related disability","volume":"49","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Digest Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.12.045","article-title":"Symptoms of depression and anxiety are independently associated with clinical recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Mikocka-Walus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(01)04037-0","article-title":"Quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease in remission: the impact of IBS-like symptoms and associated psychological factors","volume":"97","author":"Simr\u00e9n","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01502.x","article-title":"Impact of functional bowel symptoms on quality of life and fatigue in quiescent Crohn disease and irritable bowel syndrome: iBS-like symptoms in quiescent CD patients","volume":"22","author":"Piche","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motility"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05842.x","article-title":"Psychological disorder and severity of inflammatory bowel disease predict health-related quality of life in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease","volume":"97","author":"Guthrie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.04.111","article-title":"Comparison of comorbid depression between irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis of comparative studies","volume":"237","author":"Geng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0058","series-title":"Alexithymia: a view of the psychosomatic process. vol. modern trends in psychosomatic medicine","author":"Nemiah","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00470","article-title":"Alexithymia in gastroenterology and hepatology: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Carrozzino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.11.010","article-title":"The role of alexithymia and gastrointestinal-specific anxiety as predictors of treatment outcome in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Porcelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000729","article-title":"Insula activity to visceral stimulation and endocrine stress responses as associated with alexithymia in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"82","author":"Kano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00324","article-title":"Alexithymia and psychopathology in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease: arising differences and correlations to tailoring therapeutic strategies","volume":"9","author":"Vigan\u00f2","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200211000-00014","article-title":"Growth stimulation of intestinal commensal Escherichia coli by catecholamines: a possible contributory factor in trauma-induced sepsis","volume":"18","author":"Freestone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6199","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6199","article-title":"Fluoxetine-induced alteration of murine gut microbial community structure: evidence for a microbial endocrinology-based mechanism of action responsible for fluoxetine-induced side effects","volume":"7","author":"Lyte","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2018.12.001","article-title":"Role of Actinobacteria and Coriobacteriia in the antidepressant effects of ketamine in an inflammation model of depression","volume":"176","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0466-x","article-title":"Antidepressants affect gut microbiota and Ruminococcus flavefaciens is able to abolish their effects on depressive-like behavior","volume":"9","author":"Luki\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1138","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.112","article-title":"Blockade of interleukin-6 receptor in the periphery promotes rapid and sustained antidepressant actions: a possible role of gut-microbiota-brain axis","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.063388","article-title":"Postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system for stress response in mice","volume":"558","author":"Sudo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.09.033","article-title":"Administration of Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 improves behavioral, cognitive, and biochemical aberrations caused by chronic restraint stress","volume":"310","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020164","article-title":"Fecal microbiota analysis in patients going through a depressive episode during treatment in a psychiatric hospital setting","volume":"8","author":"Li\u015bkiewicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.09.012","article-title":"Antidepressants, antimicrobials or both? Gut microbiota dysbiosis in depression and possible implications of the antimicrobial effects of antidepressant drugs for antidepressant effectiveness","volume":"208","author":"Macedo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1288","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00341.2012","article-title":"Critical role of gut microbiota in the production of biologically active, free catecholamines in the gut lumen of mice","volume":"303","author":"Asano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0073","series-title":"Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","article-title":"Expert consensus document. The International Scientific association for probiotics and prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.05.051","article-title":"Benefits of multistrain bacteria formulations for health","volume":"47","author":"Laterza","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.09.002","article-title":"Psychobiotics and the manipulation of bacteria\u2013gut\u2013brain signals","volume":"39","author":"Sarkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223490","article-title":"Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system","volume":"336","author":"Hooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2012.09.010","article-title":"Communication between gastrointestinal bacteria and the nervous system","volume":"12","author":"Bravo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2002.4.1\/pschulz","article-title":"The clinical pharmacology of depressive states","volume":"4","author":"Schulz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05344.x","article-title":"\u03b3-Aminobutyric acid production by culturable bacteria from the human intestine","volume":"113","author":"Barrett","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20215-0_2","article-title":"New trends and perspectives in the evolution of neurotransmitters in microbial, plant, and animal cells","volume":"874","author":"Roshchina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.03.009","article-title":"The probiotic Bifidobacteria infantis: an assessment of potential antidepressant properties in the rat","volume":"43","author":"Desbonnet","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102999108","article-title":"Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve","volume":"108","author":"Bravo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.01.075","article-title":"The relationship between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system in normal gastrointestinal function and disease","volume":"136","author":"Collins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.01.005","article-title":"Gut-brain axis: how the microbiome influences anxiety and depression","volume":"36","author":"Foster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201100024","article-title":"Probiotics function mechanistically as delivery vehicles for neuroactive compounds: microbial endocrinology in the design and use of probiotics","volume":"33","author":"Lyte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602546","article-title":"Impact of consuming a milk drink containing a probiotic on mood and cognition","volume":"61","author":"Benton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510004319","article-title":"Assessment of psychotropic-like properties of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in rats and human subjects","volume":"105","author":"Messaoudi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.04.003","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to test the effect of multispecies probiotics on cognitive reactivity to sad mood","volume":"48","author":"Steenbergen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.11.050","article-title":"Lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in irritable bowel syndrome: symptom responses and relationship to cytokine profiles","volume":"128","author":"O'Mahony","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-13-S1-S7","article-title":"Towards a better understanding of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG\u2013host interactions","volume":"13 Suppl 1","author":"Segers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.09.013","article-title":"Effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 in pregnancy on postpartum symptoms of depression and anxiety: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Slykerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8709","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i26.8709","article-title":"31, a new combination of probiotics, improves irritable bowel syndrome-related quality of life","volume":"20","author":"Lorenzo-Z\u00fa\u00f1iga","year":"2014","journal-title":"WJG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.05.003","article-title":"Probiotic bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 reduces depression scores and alters brain activity: a pilot study in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"153","author":"Pinto-Sanchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.07.006","article-title":"Probiotics for the treatment of depressive symptoms: an anti-inflammatory mechanism?","volume":"73","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-4749-1-6","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of a probiotic in emotional symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Rao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.11.004","article-title":"Inflammatory Depression advances in schizophrenia (IDEAS): a precision medicine approach of the national FACE-SZ cohort","volume":"245","author":"Fond","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"}],"container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S159086582031046X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S159086582031046X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T04:14:56Z","timestamp":1761624896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S159086582031046X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S159086582031046X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-8658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-8658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The gut\u2013brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Digestive and Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}