{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T15:20:24Z","timestamp":1770996024252,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","dldjournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T23:53:34Z","timestamp":1608940414000},"page":"263-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Risk of COVID 19 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases compared to a control population"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Maconi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Bosetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberta","family":"De Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ray Kiran","family":"Boyapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Shelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Carvalhas Gabrielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco Vincenzo","family":"Lenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Bezzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samanta","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Giangregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Gridavilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Tagliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Massari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Pastorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Di Sabatino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Saibeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saverio","family":"Alicante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Ferretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Rizzardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Ardizzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9030186","article-title":"Insights into the recent 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in light of past human coronavirus outbreaks","volume":"9","author":"Ashour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0002","article-title":"Recent insights into 2019-nCoV: a brief but comprehensive review","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0004","first-page":"1","article-title":"COVID-19 deaths in Lombardy, Italy: data in context","author":"Odone","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0005","unstructured":"WHO - Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public Available from https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/advice-for-public."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102574","article-title":"How to handle patients with autoimmune rheumatic and inflammatory bowel diseases in the COVID-19 era: an expert opinion","author":"Sarzi-Puttini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0007","article-title":"Implications of COVID-19 for the busy gastroenterologist","author":"Ferreira-Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775","article-title":"Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York city area","volume":"323","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0009","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"8","author":"Salzberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.12.013","article-title":"Second European evidence-based consensus on the prevention, diagnosis and management of opportunistic infections in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"8","author":"Rahier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.012","article-title":"Risk of serious and opportunistic infections associated with treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"155","author":"Kirchgesner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0012","article-title":"Could patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with immunomodulators or biologics be at lower risk for severe forms of Covid-19?","author":"Macaluso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0013","article-title":"Protection of 318 inflammatory bowel disease patients from the outbreak and rapid spread of COVID-19 infection in Wuhan, China","author":"An","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0014","first-page":"1","article-title":"Uneventful course in IBD patients during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy","author":"Norsa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0015","article-title":"Outcomes of COVID-19 in 79 patients with IBD in Italy: an IG-IBD study","volume":"155","author":"Bezzio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0016","first-page":"1","article-title":"Corticosteroids, but not TNF Antagonists, are associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: results from an international registry","author":"Brenner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0017","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.dati.lombardia.it\/stories\/s\/COLITE-ULCEROSA-E-CROHN-IBD-\/q3x3-ucr7\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15804","article-title":"2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"52","author":"Taxonera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0019","article-title":"Baseline disease activity and steroid therapy stratify risk of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"29","author":"Lukin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2020.05.003","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pharmacology, and COVID-19 infection","author":"Micallef","year":"2020","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104849","article-title":"Italian Society of Pharmacology. NSAIDs in patients with viral infections, including COVID-19: victims or perpetrators?","volume":"157","author":"Capuano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.03.040","article-title":"Safety of ibuprofen in patients with COVID-19: causal or confounded?","author":"Sodhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1168","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1168","article-title":"Covid-19: european drugs agency to review safety of ibuprofen","volume":"368","author":"Day","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1086","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1086","article-title":"Covid-19: ibuprofen should not be used for managing symptoms, say doctors and scientists","volume":"368","author":"Day","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0025","first-page":"jjaa061","article-title":"Are patients with inflammatory bowel disease at increased risk for COVID-19 infection?","author":"Monteleone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0026","first-page":"1","article-title":"Baseline disease activity and steroid therapy stratify risk of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","author":"Lukin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.050","article-title":"Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK biobank","volume":"14","author":"Hastie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0028","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality","author":"Ilie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0029","article-title":"Editorial: low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity","author":"Rhodes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2020.108378","article-title":"Modeling the impact of mass influenza vaccination and public health interventions on COVID-19 epidemics with limited detection capability","volume":"325","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Math Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109752","article-title":"The possible beneficial adjuvant effect of influenza vaccine to minimize the severity of COVID-19","volume":"140","author":"Salem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15779","article-title":"Review article: prevention, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 in the inflammatory bowel disease patient","author":"Al-Ani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/119324","article-title":"COVID-19 and smoking: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"18","author":"Vardavas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0034","first-page":"ntaa082","article-title":"Smoking is associated with COVID-19 progression: a meta-analysis","author":"Patanavanich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/121915","article-title":"Active smoking is associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): an update of a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0036","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim Guidelines for Collecting, Handling, and Testing Clinical Specimens from Persons for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-nCoV\/lab\/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0037","article-title":"Utility of hyposmia and hypogeusia for the diagnosis of COVID-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 15]","author":"B\u00e9n\u00e9zit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820929185","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction and sinonasal symptomatology in COVID-19: prevalence, severity, timing, and associated characteristics","author":"Speth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561320925191","article-title":"Anosmia is a key symptom of COVID-19 infection and should be used as a diagnostic tool","author":"Lechien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0916-2","article-title":"Real-time tracking of self-reported symptoms to predict potential COVID-19","author":"Menni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0041","unstructured":"International Labour Organization. Resolution concerning updating the international standard classification of occupations. Adopted at the Tripartite Meeting of Experts on Labour Statistics, 6."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0042","unstructured":"Hoffmann E. 1999. International statistical comparisons of occupational and social structures: problems, possibilities and the role of ISCO-88."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132838","article-title":"Participation in physical, social, and religious activity and risk of depression in the elderly: a community-based three-year longitudinal study in Korea","volume":"10","author":"Roh","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013_bib0044","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.regione.lombardia.it\/wps\/portal\/istituzionale\/HP\/servizi-e-informazioni\/cittadini\/salute-e-prevenzione\/coronavirus\/dashboard-covid19."}],"container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865820310938?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865820310938?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T04:14:37Z","timestamp":1761624877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1590865820310938"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1590865820310938"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-8658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-8658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk of COVID 19 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases compared to a control population","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Digestive and Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}