{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:47:04Z","timestamp":1778028424239,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","dldjournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T19:15:03Z","timestamp":1648322103000},"page":"1015-1020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Early thoracentesis correlated with survival benefit in patients with spontaneous bacterial empyema"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6030-4418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan Ahmad Hasan","family":"Albitar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darlene R.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Leise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Gallo De Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26745","article-title":"Pulmonary complications in chronic liver disease","volume":"59","author":"Machicao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.02081.x","article-title":"Review article: hepatic hydrothorax","volume":"20","author":"Cardenas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31434","article-title":"Multidisciplinary management of hepatic hydrothorax in 2020: an evidence-based review and guidance","volume":"72","author":"Banini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80157-6","article-title":"Spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhosis","volume":"70","author":"Flaum","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328352b50f","article-title":"Spontaneous bacterial empyema","volume":"18","author":"Tu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230410","article-title":"Spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhotic patients: a prospective study","volume":"23","author":"Xiol","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02447.x","article-title":"Outcome predictors of cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial empyema","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0010.7533","article-title":"Hepatic hydrothorax","volume":"17","author":"Lv","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.01.011","article-title":"Spontaneous bacterial empyema: its association with liver disease","volume":"91","author":"Ninan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.37809","article-title":"Spontaneous bacterial empyema in liver cirrhosis: an underdiagnosed pleural complication","volume":"14","author":"Allam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0011","first-page":"579","article-title":"Risk factors for spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhotic patients with hydrothorax","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.05069.x","article-title":"Hepatic hydrothorax: pathophysiology diagnosis and management","volume":"22","author":"Roussos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110306","article-title":"Spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhotic patients: analysis of eleven cases","volume":"11","author":"Xiol","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200301000-00020","article-title":"Low complement levels and opsonic activity in hepatic hydrothorax: its relationship with spontaneous bacterial empyema","volume":"36","author":"Sese","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0275","article-title":"Empyema caused by Aeromonas species in Taiwan","volume":"87","author":"Chao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(00)00148-6","article-title":"Spontaneous bacterial empyema caused by Aeromonas veronii biotype sobria","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.01.034","article-title":"Spontaneous bacterial empyema: not your average empyema","volume":"127","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2014.01.005","article-title":"Hepatic hydrothorax","volume":"18","author":"Norvell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5872068","article-title":"The outcome of thoracentesis versus chest tube placement for hepatic hydrothorax in patients with cirrhosis: a nationwide analysis of the national inpatient sample","volume":"2017","author":"Ridha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840020402","article-title":"Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"2","author":"Hoefs","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.02.010","article-title":"Evidence-based incorporation of serum sodium concentration into MELD","volume":"130","author":"Biggins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.07.010","article-title":"Development and performance of an algorithm to estimate the child-turcotte-pugh score from a national electronic healthcare database","volume":"13","author":"Kaplan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c179","DOI":"10.1159\/000339789","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury","volume":"120","author":"Khwaja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-77-4-507","article-title":"Pleural effusions: the diagnostic separation of transudates and exudates","volume":"77","author":"Light","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00217-X","article-title":"Hepatic hydrothorax: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"107","author":"Lazaridis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcdt.2013.05.004","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for spontaneous bacterial pleuritis in cirrhotic patients with hydrothorax","volume":"62","author":"E. Mansour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0094","article-title":"Counterpoint: does spontaneous bacterial empyema occur? No","volume":"147","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.212","article-title":"Delayed paracentesis is associated with increased in-hospital mortality in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"109","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2004.08.051","article-title":"The morphology of diaphragmatic defects in hepatic hydrothorax: thoracoscopic finding","volume":"130","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2005.00116.x","article-title":"Liver transplantation in patients with hepatic hydrothorax","volume":"18","author":"Xiol","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transpl Int"}],"container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865822002018?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865822002018?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T04:19:37Z","timestamp":1761625177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1590865822002018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1590865822002018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-8658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-8658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Early thoracentesis correlated with survival benefit in patients with spontaneous bacterial empyema","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Digestive and Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2022.02.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}