{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:58:15Z","timestamp":1790351895053,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004775","name":"Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21JR7RA621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JR7RA621"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004775","name":"Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21JR7RA675"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JR7RA675"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81860233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81860233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","dldjournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T06:56:31Z","timestamp":1696834591000},"page":"663-671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Comparison of ciprofol\u2013alfentanil and propofol\u2013alfentanil sedation during bidirectional endoscopy: A prospective, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Jiqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruijuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruirui","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2019.210","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of etomidate in comparison with propofol or midazolam as sedative for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy","volume":"53","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8122087","article-title":"Results from the adverse event sedation reporting tool: a global anthology of 7952 records derived from >160,000 procedural sedation encounters","volume":"8","author":"Mason","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.03.020","article-title":"High-flow nasal oxygenation or standard oxygenation for gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation in patients at risk of hypoxaemia: a multicentre randomised controlled trial (ODEPHI trial)","volume":"127","author":"Nay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.02.050","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intravenous lidocaine in propofol-based sedation for ERCP procedures: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.01.028","article-title":"National survey on sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy in 2758 Chinese hospitals","volume":"127","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.12.011","article-title":"A prospective assessment of sedation-related adverse events and patient and endoscopist satisfaction in ERCP with anesthesiologist-administered sedation","volume":"73","author":"Berzin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3606","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00254","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel 2,6-disubstituted phenol derivatives as general anesthetics","volume":"60","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0009","article-title":"Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of a single bolus of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor potentiator HSK3486 in healthy chinese elderly and non-elderly","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7443226","article-title":"Ciprofol: a novel alternative to propofol in clinical intravenous anesthesia?","volume":"2023","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01877-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ciprofol sedation in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation: a clinical trial study protocol","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0012","first-page":"13791","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of ciprofol emulsion in Chinese subjects: a single center, open-label, single-arm dose-escalation phase 1 study","volume":"13","author":"Teng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14363","article-title":"Mass balance, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous HSK3486, a novel anaesthetic, administered to healthy subjects","volume":"87","author":"Bian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001912","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of ciprofol vs. propofol for sedation in intensive care unit patients with mechanical ventilation: a multi-center, open label, randomized, phase 2 trial","volume":"135","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8580","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b01133","article-title":"Oral delivery of propofol with methoxymethylphosphonic acid as the delivery vehicle","volume":"60","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105904","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ciprofol for the sedation\/anesthesia in patients undergoing colonoscopy: phase IIa and IIb multi-center clinical trials","volume":"164","author":"Teng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2532-1","article-title":"Remifentanil\/midazolam versus fentanyl\/midazolam for analgesia and sedation of mechanically ventilated neonates and young infants: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Welzing","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0609-2","article-title":"Correction to: pharmacokinetics of fentanyl and its derivatives in children: a comprehensive review","volume":"57","author":"Ziesenitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0018","series-title":"Miller's anesthesia","first-page":"747","article-title":"Intravenous drug delivery systems","author":"Struys","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-022-01805-3","article-title":"Sedative effect of remimazolam combined with alfentanil in colonoscopic polypectomy: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Xin","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01066","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.1066","article-title":"Clinical effect of different doses of ciprofol for induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.04.2351","article-title":"A phase III study evaluating the efficacy and safety of remimazolam (CNS 7056) compared with placebo and midazolam in patients undergoing colonoscopy","volume":"88","author":"Rex","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-8180(94)00001-K","article-title":"The post-anesthesia recovery score revisited","volume":"7","author":"Aldrete","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021505000505","article-title":"A combination of lidocaine and nitrous oxide in oxygen is more effective in preventing pain on propofol injection than either treatment alone","volume":"22","author":"Niazi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14329.x","article-title":"Pain on injection of propofol: the effect of injectate temperature","volume":"45","author":"McCrirrick","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2017.02.033","article-title":"Etomidate versus propofol sedation for complex upper endoscopic procedures: a prospective double-blinded randomized controlled trial","volume":"86","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.124636","article-title":"Propofol versus midazolam\/meperidine for outpatient colonoscopy: administration by nurses supervised by endoscopists","volume":"55","author":"Sipe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)00349-9","article-title":"Moderate level sedation during endoscopy: a prospective study using low-dose propofol, meperidine\/fentanyl, and midazolam","volume":"59","author":"Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","article-title":"Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales","volume":"54","author":"Watson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002809","article-title":"Discharge readiness after propofol with or without dexmedetomidine for colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"131","author":"Edokpolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03011083","article-title":"Discharge criteria\u2013a new trend","volume":"42","author":"Chung","year":"1995","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01914-4","article-title":"Sedation effects produced by a ciprofol initial infusion or bolus dose followed by continuous maintenance infusion in healthy subjects: a phase 1 trial","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0033","first-page":"1607","article-title":"Effects of ciprofol for the induction of general anesthesia in patients scheduled for elective surgery compared to propofol: a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparative study","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0034","series-title":"Opioids","first-page":"466","article-title":"Clinical anesthesia","author":"Barash","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001134","article-title":"The effectiveness of a low-dose esketamine versus an alfentanil adjunct to propofol sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomised controlled multicentre trial","volume":"37","author":"Eberl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000107960.89818.35","article-title":"The effects of propofol on hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons in the rat","volume":"98","author":"Shirasaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2007.11.001","article-title":"Propofol enhances both tonic and phasic inhibitory currents in second-order neurons of the solitary tract nucleus (NTS)","volume":"54","author":"McDougall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182a705ae","article-title":"A phase Ib, dose-finding study of multiple doses of remimazolam (CNS 7056) in volunteers undergoing colonoscopy","volume":"117","author":"Worthington","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0039","article-title":"Lidocaine for reducing propofol-induced pain on induction of anaesthesia in adults","volume":"2","author":"Euasobhon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3547","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23195","article-title":"Comparative canine pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of fospropofol disodium injection, propofol emulsion, and cyclodextrin-enabled propofol solution following bolus parenteral administration","volume":"101","author":"McIntosh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13761","article-title":"Comparison of ciprofol (HSK3486) versus propofol for the induction of deep sedation during gastroscopy and colonoscopy procedures: a multi-centre, non-inferiority, randomized, controlled phase 3 clinical trial","volume":"131","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199912000-00019","article-title":"Alfentanil causes less postoperative nausea and vomiting than equipotent doses of fentanyl or sufentanil in outpatients","volume":"91","author":"Langevin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S159086582300960X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S159086582300960X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:33:22Z","timestamp":1778823202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S159086582300960X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S159086582300960X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-8658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-8658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of ciprofol\u2013alfentanil and propofol\u2013alfentanil sedation during bidirectional endoscopy: A prospective, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Digestive and Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}