{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T21:03:37Z","timestamp":1789765417822,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00227939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00227939"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","dldjournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T16:10:33Z","timestamp":1731168633000},"page":"616-623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antibiotic usage within the first year of life has a protective effect against ulcerative colitis in South Korea: A nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1301-7165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junseok","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6494-7221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungjin","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Geun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0184-1309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoyoung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Pil","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2764-9339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5580-8427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoo Min","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1338-654X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunsun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong-Joon","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.01.055","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"140","author":"Cosnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10114","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","article-title":"Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"390","author":"Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab029","article-title":"The burden of inflammatory bowel disease in Europe in 2020","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/gm227","article-title":"The quest for genetic risk factors for Crohn's disease in the post-GWAS era","volume":"3","author":"Fransen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12319","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.005","article-title":"Regular Use of Proton Pump Inhibitor and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: pooled Analysis of 3 Prospective Cohorts","volume":"161","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2652","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2002697","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"383","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0213-6","article-title":"Microbial genes and pathways in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Schirmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.304","article-title":"Association between the use of antibiotics and new diagnoses of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis","volume":"106","author":"Shaw","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr400","article-title":"Association of repeated exposure to antibiotics with the development of pediatric Crohn's disease\u2013a nationwide, register-based finnish case-control study","volume":"175","author":"Virta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.09.003","article-title":"Risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases according to the \"hygiene hypothesis\": a case-control, multi-centre, prospective study in Southern Italy","volume":"6","author":"Castiglione","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.246","article-title":"Antibiotics associated with increased risk of new-onset Crohn's disease but not ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Ungaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327845","article-title":"Antibiotic use as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease across the ages: a population-based cohort study","volume":"72","author":"Faye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1159\/000454712","article-title":"How Does the Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Differ between East and West? A Korean Perspective","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm Intest Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12350","article-title":"The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia and Asian immigrants to Western countries","volume":"10","author":"Aniwan","year":"2022","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2021.62.2.99","article-title":"Incidence and Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease across Asia","volume":"62","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.150","article-title":"The global burden of IBD: from 2015 to 2025","volume":"12","author":"Kaplan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307410","article-title":"Environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based case-control study in Asia-Pacific","volume":"64","author":"Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2022.11.2.103","article-title":"Understanding and Utilizing Claim Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and Health Insurance Review & Assessment (HIRA) Database for Research","volume":"11","author":"Kyoung","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Lipid Atheroscler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0020","unstructured":"Health screening rate for infants and young children (by gender\/age). (2023). https:\/\/gsis.kwdi.re.kr\/statHtml\/statHtml.do?orgId=338&tblId=DT_LCA_0003, Accessed May 31, 2022."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i25.3611","article-title":"Risk factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter case-control study in Brazil","volume":"26","author":"Salgado","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0022","article-title":"Impact of Body Mass Index on the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Analysis of 15.6 Million Participants","volume":"9","author":"Bhagavathula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20206","article-title":"Preterm birth but not mode of delivery is associated with an increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease later in life","volume":"13","author":"Sonntag","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0024","first-page":"e34088","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients Using Proton-Pump Inhibitors: a Population-Based Study","volume":"15","author":"Onwuzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14855","article-title":"Nationwide validation study of diagnostic algorithms for inflammatory bowel disease in Korean National Health Insurance Service database","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000695","article-title":"Why a P-Value is Not Enough","volume":"31","author":"Solla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.303","article-title":"Potential association between the oral tetracycline class of antimicrobials used to treat acne and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"105","author":"Margolis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.219683","article-title":"Antibiotic use and inflammatory bowel diseases in childhood","volume":"60","author":"Hviid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13009-3","article-title":"Development of gut microbiota during the first 2 years of life","volume":"12","author":"Wernroth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7728","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0617-x","article-title":"Temporal development of the gut microbiome in early childhood from the TEDDY study","volume":"562","author":"Stewart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.02.004","article-title":"Events Within the First Year of Life, but Not the Neonatal Period, Affect Risk for Later Development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"156","author":"Bernstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10040243","article-title":"Molecular Genetic Architecture of Monogenic Pediatric IBD Differs from Complex Pediatric and Adult IBD","volume":"10","author":"Jezernik","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.990507","article-title":"The genetics of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis\u2013status quo and beyond","volume":"50","author":"Ellinghaus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314352","article-title":"Fetal and early life antibiotics exposure and very early onset inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study","volume":"68","author":"Ortqvist","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.05.047","article-title":"Ethnicity Influences Phenotype and Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Population-based Studies","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.045","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease Environmental Risk Factors: a Population-Based Case-Control Study of Middle Eastern Migration to Australia","volume":"13","author":"Ko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43662","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43662","article-title":"Low-dose penicillin exposure in early life decreases Th17 and the susceptibility to DSS colitis in mice through gut microbiota modification","volume":"7","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865824010600?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865824010600?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:34:20Z","timestamp":1778621660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1590865824010600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1590865824010600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-8658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-8658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antibiotic usage within the first year of life has a protective effect against ulcerative colitis in South Korea: A nationwide cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Digestive and Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}