{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:24:00Z","timestamp":1777890240767,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010805","name":"Research Council of Southeast Sweden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["932122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["932122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009752","name":"Futurum Academy of Health and Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","dldjournalonline.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T12:19:10Z","timestamp":1737721150000},"page":"885-892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Response to azathioprine treatment in autoimmune hepatitis is dependent on glutathione transferase genotypes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2809-7591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malin Lindqvist","family":"Appell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Hindorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9334-1821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Almer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8696-9944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofie","family":"Haglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0001","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"380","author":"Muratori","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.07.023","article-title":"Second-line and third-line therapy for autoimmune hepatitis: a position statement from the European reference network on hepatological diseases and the international autoimmune hepatitis group","volume":"73","author":"Lohse","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.03.005","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis\u2013Update 2015","volume":"62","author":"Manns","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.11.032","article-title":"An open-label randomised-controlled trial of azathioprine vs. mycophenolate mofetil for the induction of remission in treatment-naive autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"80","author":"Snijders","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)29709-9","article-title":"The metabolic fate of the methylnitroimidazole moiety of azathioprine in the rat","volume":"187","author":"De","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02624593","article-title":"Nobel lecture in physiology or medicine\u20131988. The purine path to chemotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Elion","year":"1989","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.106.025288","article-title":"Divergent activities of human glutathione transferases in the bioactivation of azathioprine","volume":"70","author":"Eklund","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0008","first-page":"601","article-title":"Thiopurine pharmacogenetics: clinical and molecular studies of thiopurine methyltransferase","volume":"29","author":"Weinshilboum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15743","article-title":"Review article: opportunities to improve and expand thiopurine therapy for autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Czaja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(93)90045-X","article-title":"6-Mercaptopurine: cytotoxicity and biochemical pharmacology in human malignant T-lymphoblasts","volume":"45","author":"Bokkerink","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70140-5","article-title":"Pharmacogenomics and metabolite measurement for 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"118","author":"Dubinsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.074930","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics during standardised initiation of thiopurine treatment in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"55","author":"Hindorf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20004","article-title":"Glutathione-S-transferase genotypes and the adverse effects of azathioprine in young patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"Stocco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/379748","article-title":"Evaluation of azathioprine-induced cytotoxicity in an in vitro rat hepatocyte system","volume":"2014","author":"Al Maruf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.5b00019","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress mediated by glutathione-s-transferase in thiopurines' toxic effects","volume":"28","author":"Pelin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75616","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12313","article-title":"Interconnections between apoptotic and autophagic pathways during thiopurine-induced toxicity in cancer cells: the role of reactive oxygen species","volume":"7","author":"Chaabane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3250481","article-title":"Subunit diversity and tissue distribution of human glutathione S-transferases: interpretations based on electrospray ionization-MS and peptide sequence-specific antisera","volume":"325","author":"Rowe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0018","series-title":"Interindividual variability in human drug metabolism","first-page":"460","author":"Johansson","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.6.3517","article-title":"Characterization of the human class Mu glutathione S-transferase gene cluster and the GSTM1 deletion","volume":"273","author":"Xu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3000271","article-title":"Human glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1): cDNA cloning and the characterization of a genetic polymorphism","volume":"300","author":"Pemble","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2014.77","article-title":"GST Theta null genotype is associated with an increased risk for ulcerative colitis: a case-control study and meta-analysis of GST Mu and GST Theta polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"59","author":"Broekman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20201927","article-title":"Individual and combined effects of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms on colorectal cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2022.0090","article-title":"Worldwide systematic review of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes by continent, ethnicity, and therapeutic area","volume":"26","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2022","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.04.028","article-title":"Differences among allelic variants of human glutathione transferase A2-2 in the activation of azathioprine","volume":"186","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200402000-00005","article-title":"Functional polymorphism of human glutathione transferase A2","volume":"14","author":"Tetlow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0026","series-title":"Toxicology of glutathione transferases","first-page":"321","author":"Dhanani","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31828b2866","article-title":"Deletion of glutathione-s-transferase m1 reduces azathioprine metabolite concentrations in young patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"48","author":"Stocco","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2016.87","article-title":"The glutathione transferase Mu null genotype leads to lower 6-MMPR levels in patients treated with azathioprine but not with mercaptopurine","volume":"18","author":"Broekman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.32420","article-title":"6-MP metabolite profiles provide a biochemical explanation for 6-MP resistance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"122","author":"Dubinsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.10.004","article-title":"Characterisation and utility of thiopurine methyltransferase and thiopurine metabolite measurements in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"52","author":"Hindorf","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002146","article-title":"Lower 6-MMP\/6-TG ratio may be a therapeutic target in pediatric autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"67","author":"Bolia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000940","article-title":"Optimizing thiopurine therapy in autoimmune hepatitis: a multi-center study on monitoring metabolite profiles and co-therapy with allopurinol","author":"Weltzsch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80297-9","article-title":"International autoimmune hepatitis group report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"31","author":"Alvarez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.041","article-title":"Systematic review of response criteria and endpoints in autoimmune hepatitis by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group","volume":"76","author":"Pape","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.023846","article-title":"Pyrosequencing of TPMT alleles in a general Swedish population and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"50","author":"Haglund","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200404000-00006","article-title":"Identification of two novel sequence variants affecting thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity","volume":"14","author":"Lindqvist","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200206000-00005","article-title":"Differences between children and adults in thiopurine methyltransferase activity and metabolite formation during thiopurine therapy: possible role of concomitant methotrexate","volume":"24","author":"Pettersson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"issue":"150\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0039","first-page":"e1","article-title":"The role of TPMT, ITPA, and NUDT15 variants during mercaptopurine treatment of swedish pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"216","author":"Wahlund","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0040","series-title":"RStudio: integrated development environment for r","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.04.020","article-title":"Comprehensive study of thiopurine methyltransferase genotype, phenotype, and genotype-phenotype discrepancies in Sweden","volume":"164","author":"Zimdahl Kahlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2015.02.013","article-title":"The impact of glutathione S-transferase genotype and phenotype on the adverse drug reactions to azathioprine in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"129","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000848","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of thiopurine metabolite levels and biochemical remission in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"43","author":"Bolia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25760","article-title":"Clinical significance of azathioprine metabolites for the maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"56","author":"Dhaliwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.03.023","article-title":"Towards personalised medicine in autoimmune hepatitis: measurement of thiopurine metabolites results in higher biochemical response rates","volume":"75","author":"Candels","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.06.040","article-title":"The search for optimum thiopurine metabolite levels in autoimmune hepatitis continues","volume":"76","author":"Bolia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.06.030","article-title":"European association for the study of the L. EASL clinical practice guidelines: autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"63","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31065","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis in adults and children: 2019 practice guidance and guidelines from the american association for the study of liver diseases","volume":"72","author":"Mack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.04.012","article-title":"Normalization of serum immunoglobulin G levels is associated with improved transplant-free survival in patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"52","author":"Gerussi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.06.006","article-title":"Persistent normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase levels improves the prognosis of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"43","author":"Miyake","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.03.021","article-title":"Treatment response and clinical event-free survival in autoimmune hepatitis: a Canadian multicentre cohort study","author":"Plagiannakos","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-008-2254-x","article-title":"Precise histological evaluation of liver biopsy specimen is indispensable for diagnosis and treatment of acute-onset autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"43","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-010-0316-3","article-title":"Clinicopathological features of severe and fulminant forms of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"46","author":"Yasui","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2003.11.024","article-title":"Toxicity of low dose azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in rat hepatocytes. Roles of xanthine oxidase and mitochondrial injury","volume":"40","author":"Tapner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230326","article-title":"Toxicity of azathioprine and monocrotaline in murine sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes: the role of glutathione and relevance to hepatic venoocclusive disease","volume":"23","author":"DeLeve","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.069286","article-title":"Azathioprine acts upon rat hepatocyte mitochondria and stress-activated protein kinases leading to necrosis: protective role of N-acetyl-l-cysteine","volume":"311","author":"Menor","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2009.107","article-title":"Apoptosis and glutathione: beyond an antioxidant","volume":"16","author":"Franco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12749","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M005561200","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferase mu modulates the stress-activated signals by suppressing apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1","volume":"276","author":"Cho","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30792","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203642200","article-title":"Activation of the p38 signaling pathway by heat shock involves the dissociation of glutathione S-transferase Mu from Ask1","volume":"277","author":"Dorion","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13040688","article-title":"The multifaceted role of glutathione S-transferases in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Mazari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3109\/03602532.2011.552912","article-title":"Regulatory functions of glutathione S-transferase P1-1 unrelated to detoxification","volume":"43","author":"Tew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Metab Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902421R","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferase theta 1 protects against colitis through goblet cell differentiation via interleukin-22","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100418","article-title":"GSTT1 is upregulated by oxidative stress through p38-MK2 signaling pathway in human granulosa cells: possible association with mitochondrial activity","volume":"3","author":"Ito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-020-00301-4","article-title":"Genetic risk factors for autoimmune hepatitis: implications for phenotypic heterogeneity and biomarkers for drug response","volume":"15","author":"Higuchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Genomics"},{"issue":"443\u201352","key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0065","first-page":"e5","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies variants associated with autoimmune hepatitis type 1","volume":"147","author":"de Boer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.120105","article-title":"Copy-number variation genotyping of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene deletions by real-time PCR","volume":"55","author":"MJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200008000-00009","article-title":"Characterization of the glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 deletion: discrimination of all genotypes by polymerase chain reaction indicates a trimodular genotype-phenotype correlation","volume":"10","author":"Sprenger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"}],"container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865824011514?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865824011514?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T06:55:31Z","timestamp":1742972131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1590865824011514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1590865824011514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-8658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-8658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Response to azathioprine treatment in autoimmune hepatitis is dependent on glutathione transferase genotypes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Digestive and Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2024.12.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}