{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:03:27Z","timestamp":1789506207210,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","dldjournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T11:10:26Z","timestamp":1788606626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rectal bleeding in early infancy: a warning sign of necrotizing enterocolitis that should not be overlooked in high-risk infants"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9076-9838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico Umberto","family":"De Rose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9509-6778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flaminia","family":"Pugnaloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9559-1631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Ronci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovica","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Fusaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Paola","family":"Ronchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venere","family":"Cortazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Vrenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Bernaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo Federico","family":"Perno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Conforti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabella","family":"Braguglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irma","family":"Capolupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Dotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Salvatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Di Pede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-023-05619-3","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis: current understanding of the prevention and management","volume":"40","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.apc_30_21","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis and congenital heart disease","volume":"14","author":"Kashif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2024.09.006","article-title":"Development of necrotizing enterocolitis in term newborns with critical congenital heart disease and affecting factors","volume":"66","author":"Tan Recep","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002133","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis and associated mortality in neonates with congenital heart disease: a multi-institutional study","volume":"21","author":"Spinner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1069","article-title":"Rectal bleeding in infancy: clinical, allergological, and microbiological examination","volume":"117","author":"Arvola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.2174\/1573396319666230210111048","article-title":"Rectal bleeding in infants: diagnostic work-up and management","volume":"20","author":"Quitadamo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World medical association declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.55.639.22","article-title":"Rectal bleeding in the first month of life","volume":"55","author":"Levene","year":"1979","journal-title":"Postgr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/00001610-200103000-00007","article-title":"A review of the causes of lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding in children","volume":"24","author":"Rayhorn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-024-03686-4","article-title":"Cardiogenic necrotizing enterocolitis in infants with congenital heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Asztalos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2015.11.009","article-title":"Nutrition in the cardiac newborns. Evidence-based nutrition guidelines for cardiac newborns","volume":"43","author":"Karpen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2005.05.003","article-title":"Ischemia and necrotizing enterocolitis: where, when, and how","author":"Nowicki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0013","series-title":"Cardiology in the young","first-page":"772","article-title":"Mesenteric near-infrared spectroscopy and risk of gastrointestinal complications in infants undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease","author":"Iliopoulos","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.apc_30_21","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis and congenital heart disease","volume":"14","author":"Kashif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071841","article-title":"Current strategies to optimize nutrition and growth in newborns and infants with congenital heart disease: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Salvatori","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135115576929","article-title":"Nutrition support for children undergoing congenital heart surgeries: a narrative review","volume":"6","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E91","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002540","article-title":"The relationship between preoperative feeding exposures and postoperative outcomes in infants with congenital heart disease","author":"Kataria-Hale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.08.009","article-title":"Human milk use in the preoperative period is associated with a lower risk for necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with complex congenital heart disease","volume":"215","author":"Cognata","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-021-02691-1","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis in children with congenital heart disease: a literature review","volume":"42","author":"Kelleher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30117-0","article-title":"Incidence and enteral feed antecedents of severe neonatal necrotising enterocolitis in England 2012-13: a two-year, population surveillance study","volume":"2","author":"Battersby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.11.011","article-title":"Contemporary outcomes for infants with necrotizing enterocolitis\u2014a systematic review","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e328333d781","article-title":"Gastric acidity inhibitors and the risk of intestinal infections","volume":"26","author":"Berni Canani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.2513","article-title":"Association between use of acid-suppressive medications and antibiotics during infancy and allergic diseases in early childhood","volume":"172","author":"Mitre","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-024-00626-w","article-title":"Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: an update on pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention","volume":"26","author":"Roberts","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.05.033","article-title":"Prolonged initial empirical antibiotic treatment is associated with adverse outcomes in premature infants","volume":"159","author":"Kuppala","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2286","article-title":"Duration of initial empirical antibiotic therapy and outcomes in very low birth weight infants","volume":"143","author":"Ting","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-019-03373-0","article-title":"Are antibiotics a risk factor for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis\u2014case-control retrospective study","volume":"178","author":"Raba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-16915100","article-title":"The antecedents and correlates of necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation among infants born before the 28th week of gestation","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neonatal Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxae010","article-title":"Risk of bleeding with concomitant use of oral anticoagulants and aspirin: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Ghule","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Health-Syst Pharm"}],"container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865826008923?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865826008923?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:07:14Z","timestamp":1789502834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1590865826008923"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S1590865826008923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-8658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-8658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rectal bleeding in early infancy: a warning sign of necrotizing enterocolitis that should not be overlooked in high-risk infants","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Digestive and Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2026.08.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}