{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T18:30:35Z","timestamp":1794508235139,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Domestic Animal Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T02:12:46Z","timestamp":1647742366000},"page":"106728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Altrenogest treatment reduces the stress response of three-year-old warmblood mares during their initial equestrian training"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Kaps","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Lutzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Gautier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Nagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Aurich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6077-7362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Aurich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1222","article-title":"Stress and cognition","volume":"4","author":"Sandi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.05.011","article-title":"The acceleration of amygdala kindling epileptogenesis by chronic low-dose corticosterone involves both mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors","volume":"32","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2012.05.003","article-title":"Does learning performance in horses relate to fearfulness, baseline stress hormone, and social rank?","volume":"140","author":"Christensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2009.10.002","article-title":"Changes in cortisol release and heart rate variability in sport horses during long-distance road transport","volume":"38","author":"Schmidt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.01.014","article-title":"Sex determination in horses \u2013 Current status and future perspectives","volume":"146","author":"Aurich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737-0806(03)01021-9","article-title":"Estrus suppression in performance horses","volume":"23","author":"McCue","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.6.6.1347506","article-title":"Neuroactive steroids","volume":"6","author":"Paul","year":"1992","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4553","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.10.4553","article-title":"Stress-induced elevations of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor-active steroids in the rat brain","volume":"88","author":"Purdy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91658-N","article-title":"Anxiolytic activity of the progesterone metabolite 5\u03b1-pregnan-3\u03b1-ol-20-one","volume":"565","author":"Wieland","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00254-N","article-title":"Anti-anxiety effects of progesterone and some of its reduced metabolites: an evaluation using the burying behavior test","volume":"680","author":"Picazo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-0128(99)00024-X","article-title":"Progesterone reduces immobility in rats forced to swim","volume":"30","author":"Mart\u0131\u0301nez-Mota","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)00865-2","article-title":"The anxiolytic effect of allopregnanolone is associated with gonadal hormonal status in female rats","volume":"417","author":"Laconi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1987.tb03080.x","article-title":"Pregnanolone emulsion. A new steroid preparation for intravenous anaesthesia: an experimental study in mice","volume":"42","author":"H\u00f8gskilde","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.02.003","article-title":"Sex steroid induced negative mood may be explained by the paradoxical effect mediated by GABA-A modulators","volume":"34","author":"Andr\u00e9en","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.03.061","article-title":"Paradoxical effects of GABA-A modulators may explain sex steroid induced negative mood symptoms in some persons","volume":"191","author":"B\u00e4ckstr\u00f6m","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.03.003","article-title":"Effect of prolonged use of altrenogest on behaviour in mares","volume":"169","author":"Hodgson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0017","year":"2022","journal-title":"Equine prohibited substance list"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20040604","article-title":"Body condition scoring and prediction of body weight in adult warm blooded horses","volume":"20","author":"Kienzle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pferdeheilkunde"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2016.02.031","article-title":"The PGF 2\u03b1 agonists luprostiol and d-cloprostenol reliably induce luteolysis in luteal phase mares without evoking clinical side effects or a stress response","volume":"168","author":"Kuhl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2010.06.011","article-title":"Changes in cortisol release and heart rate and heart rate variability during the initial training of 3-year-old sport horses","volume":"58","author":"Schmidt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2009.11.003","article-title":"Cortisol release and heart rate variability in horses during road transport","volume":"57","author":"Schmidt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0022","series-title":"GHP - Gelassenheitspr\u00fcfung f\u00fcr Sport- und Freizeitpferde","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2020.106505","article-title":"Transient suppression of ovulatory ovarian function in pony mares after treatment with slow-release deslorelin implants","volume":"74","author":"Kaps","year":"2021","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.2527\/2000.7871936x","article-title":"Plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations in the warmblood horse in response to a standardized treadmill exercise test as physiological markers for evaluation of training status","volume":"78","author":"Marc","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.12.025","article-title":"Cortisol release, heart rate and heart rate variability in the horse and its rider: different responses to training and performance","volume":"197","author":"von Lewinski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0445","article-title":"Effects of cortisol on carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism: studies of acute cortisol withdrawal in adrenocortical failure","volume":"92","author":"Christiansen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.01.007","article-title":"Heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity for assessing stress and welfare in farm animals \u2014 A review","volume":"92","author":"von Borell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.suppl_1.14","article-title":"Progesterone, progestagens and the central nervous system","volume":"15","author":"Genazzani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90330-1","article-title":"The neurosteroid tetrahydroprogesterone counteracts corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced anxiety and alters the release and gene expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the rat hypothalamus","volume":"62","author":"Patchev","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2017.02.013","article-title":"Acute physiological stress response of horses to different potential short-term stressors","volume":"54","author":"Ishizaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2009.06.003","article-title":"Sex differences in salivary cortisol in response to acute stressors among healthy participants, in recreational or pathological gamblers, and in those with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"57","author":"Paris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2012.05.073","article-title":"Rider and horse salivary cortisol levels during competition and impact on performance","volume":"33","author":"Peeters","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05552.x","article-title":"Hormone response to training and competition in athletic horses","volume":"36","author":"Cayado","year":"2006","journal-title":"Equine Vet J Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2014.05.010","article-title":"Stress reactivity and coping in horse adaptation to environment","volume":"34","author":"Budzy\u0144ska","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1972.33.04.785","article-title":"Circadian variation in plasma cortisol and corticosterone in pigs and mares","volume":"33","author":"Bottoms","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0739-7240(94)90030-2","article-title":"Factors affecting the circadian rhythm in plasma cortisol concentrations in the horse","volume":"11","author":"Irvine","year":"1994","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2015.01.003","article-title":"Effects of season, age, sex, and housing on salivary cortisol concentrations in horses","volume":"52","author":"Aurich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.11.009","article-title":"Effects of reproductive status and management on cortisol secretion and fertility of oestrous horse mares","volume":"102","author":"Berghold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2016.04.010","article-title":"Physiological stress responses of mares to gynecologic examination in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"43","author":"Ille","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2017.02.020","article-title":"The application of learning theory in horse training","volume":"190","author":"McLean","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2021.105371","article-title":"Horses\u2019 physiological and behavioural responses during undergraduate veterinary practical teaching classes","volume":"241","author":"Guinnefollau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00849","article-title":"Testing for behavioral and physiological responses of domestic horses (Equus caballus) across different contexts - Consistency over time and effects of context","volume":"10","author":"Safryghin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-6357(97)00052-1","article-title":"Stability over situations in temperamental traits of horses as revealed by experimental and scoring approaches","volume":"41","author":"Le Scolan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behavioural Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00698-4","article-title":"Heart rate and heart rate variability during a novel object test and a handling test in young horses","volume":"76","author":"Visser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2008.06.011","article-title":"Fearfulness in horses: a temperament trait in stable across time and situations","volume":"115","author":"Lansade","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1979.493729x","article-title":"Effect of an oral progestin on the estrous cycle and fertility of mares","volume":"49","author":"Squires","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.194.03.361","article-title":"Evaluation of the ability of altrenogest to control the equine estrous cycle","volume":"194","author":"Lofstedt","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(96)00238-5","article-title":"Persistence of the luteal phase following ovulation during altrenogest treatment in mares","volume":"46","author":"Daels","year":"1996","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1983.564901x","article-title":"Relationship of altrenogest to ovarian activity, hormone concentrations and fertility of mares","volume":"56","author":"Squires","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2007.00820.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of altrenogest in horses","volume":"30","author":"Machnik","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737-0806(98)80141-X","article-title":"Effects of oral altrenogest on sexual and aggressive behaviors and seminal parameters in young stallions","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1988.662470x","article-title":"Growth, carcass traits, boar odor and testicular and endocrine functions of male pigs fed a progestogen, altrenogest","volume":"66","author":"Kluber","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1985.6161441x","article-title":"Body growth and testicular characteristics of boars fed a synthetic progestogen, altrenogest","volume":"61","author":"Kluber","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2941","article-title":"Unravelling androgens in sport: Altrenogest shows strong activation of the androgen receptor in a mammalian cell bioassay","volume":"13","author":"Gillon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Test Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0055","unstructured":"International Federation of Horserace Authorities. IFHA executive council resolution \u2013 Altrenogest. 2019. Accessed from: https:\/\/ifhaonline.org\/default.asp?section\u00a0=\u00a0Resources&story=1052. Accessed at: March 12, 2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728_bib0056","unstructured":"British Horserace Authority. BHA notice \u2013 Regumate equine. 2018. Accessed from: https:\/\/www.britishhorseracing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/BHA-Notice-Regumate-200918.pdf. Accessed at: March 12, 2022"}],"container-title":["Domestic Animal Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0739724022000194?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0739724022000194?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:53:40Z","timestamp":1760036020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0739724022000194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0739724022000194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728","relation":{},"ISSN":["0739-7240"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0739-7240","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Altrenogest treatment reduces the stress response of three-year-old warmblood mares during their initial equestrian training","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Domestic Animal Endocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.domaniend.2022.106728","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106728"}}