{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:05:41Z","timestamp":1792076741736,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmn.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Discovery Today"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T02:15:27Z","timestamp":1498097727000},"page":"1516-1531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":174,"title":["Leishmaniasis drug discovery: recent progress and challenges in assay development"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Bilal","family":"Zulfiqar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd B.","family":"Shelper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky M.","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0005","first-page":"175","article-title":"Drug discovery and development for neglected diseases: the DNDi model","volume":"5","author":"Chatelain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00091","article-title":"Anti-parasitic peptides from arthropods and their application in drug therapy","volume":"7","author":"Lacerda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00976.x","article-title":"Vaccines to combat the neglected tropical diseases","volume":"239","author":"Bethony","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0020","first-page":"535","article-title":"Phlebotomid sandflies","volume":"44","author":"Lewis","year":"1971","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1748","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control?","volume":"5","author":"Chappuis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.06.012","article-title":"Phlebotomine sand flies and Leishmania parasites: friends or foes?","volume":"22","author":"Kamhawi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002001439","article-title":"The role of promastigote secretory gel in the origin and transmission of the infective stage of Leishmania mexicana by the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis","volume":"124","author":"Rogers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.05118-11","article-title":"Morphological events during the cell cycle of Leishmania major","volume":"10","author":"Ambit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.08.003","article-title":"Are neutrophils important host cells for Leishmania parasites?","volume":"25","author":"Ritter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.12.2121","article-title":"Fibroblasts as host cells in latent leishmaniosis","volume":"191","author":"Bogdan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0055","first-page":"375","article-title":"Leishmania and the clonal theory of parasitic protozoa","volume":"70","author":"Tibayrenc","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10224","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904420106","article-title":"Extreme inbreeding in Leishmania braziliensis","volume":"106","author":"Rougeron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1169464","article-title":"Demonstration of genetic exchange during cyclical development of Leishmania in the sand fly vector","volume":"324","author":"Akopyants","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(06)64001-3","article-title":"Leishmania and the leishmaniases: a parasite genetic update and advances in taxonomy, epidemiology and pathogenicity in humans","volume":"64","author":"Banuls","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1990.tb01147.x","article-title":"Leishmania donovani: a chemically defined medium suitable for cultivation and cloning of promastigotes and transformation of amastigotes to to promastigotes","volume":"37","author":"Kar","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Protozool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07479.x","article-title":"The cell cycle of Leishmania: morphogenetic events and their implications for parasite biology","volume":"79","author":"Wheeler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004683","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004683","article-title":"Characterization of metabolically quiescent Leishmania parasites in murine lesions using heavy water labeling","volume":"11","author":"Kloehn","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02352-8","article-title":"Interaction of Leishmania with the host macrophage","volume":"18","author":"Handman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2007.070259","article-title":"Visceral leishmanisis in paediatrics: a study of 367 cases in southwest Iran","volume":"38","author":"Ashkan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop. Doct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb7100011","article-title":"Balancing immunity and pathology in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"85","author":"Stanley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01854.x","article-title":"Short communication: post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis\u2014an appraisal","volume":"12","author":"Ramesh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0230","article-title":"Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis without previous history of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"95","author":"Hasnain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00517-6","article-title":"Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"3","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.393","article-title":"Enhanced lesional Foxp3 expression and peripheral anergic lymphocytes indicate a role for regulatory T cells in Indian post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"130","author":"Ganguly","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1171","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001171","article-title":"Foxp3 and IL-10 expression correlates with parasite burden in lesional tissues of post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) patients","volume":"5","author":"Katara","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0662-5","article-title":"Insights into the possible role of IFNG and IFNGR1 in Kala-azar and post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Sudanese patients","volume":"14","author":"Salih","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364353","article-title":"IFNG and IFNGR1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Sudan","volume":"8","author":"Salih","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004145","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004145","article-title":"M2 polarization of monocytes-macrophages is a hallmark of Indian post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"9","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04558.x","article-title":"Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis\u2014an overview","volume":"49","author":"Ganguly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0155","first-page":"10","article-title":"PKDL\u2014a drug related phenomenon?","volume":"128","author":"Croft","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005060","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005060","article-title":"Chronic arsenic exposure and risk of post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis development in India: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19932","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1311535110","article-title":"Chronic exposure to arsenic in drinking water can lead to resistance to antimonial drugs in a mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"110","author":"Perry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003518","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003518","article-title":"Arsenic exposure and outcomes of antimonial treatment in visceral leishmaniasis patients in Bihar, India: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Perry","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60395-6","article-title":"Arsenic, antimony, and Leishmania: has arsenic contamination of drinking water in India led to treatment-resistant kala-azar?","volume":"385","author":"Perry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-196","article-title":"Report of the Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) Consortium Meeting, New Delhi, India, 27-29 June 2012","volume":"6","author":"Desjeux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00517-6","article-title":"Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"3","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-206","article-title":"Non-healing old world cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum in a patient from Spain","volume":"14","author":"Kroidl","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.2.193","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum. Case reports and literature review","volume":"134","author":"del Giudice","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2016-0118","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in Southern Israel","volume":"61","author":"Ben-Shimol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-015-0489-2","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in travellers: a focus on epidemiology and treatment in 2015","volume":"17","author":"Showler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ416","article-title":"Treatment of disseminated leishmaniasis with liposomal amphotericin B","volume":"61","author":"Machado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3315\/jdcr.2013.1135","article-title":"Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Masmoudi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Case. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e980","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000980","article-title":"Mucosal leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"5","author":"Guerra","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/24.4.684","article-title":"Human leishmaniasis: clinical, diagnostic, and chemotherapeutic developments in the last 10 years","volume":"24","author":"Berman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e259","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000259","article-title":"Marring leishmaniasis: the stigmatization and the impact of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan and Afghanistan","volume":"2","author":"Kassi","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03238.x","article-title":"Mucosal leishmaniasis: description of case management approaches and analysis of risk factors for treatment failure in a cohort of 140 patients in Brazil","volume":"23","author":"Amato","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.87","article-title":"Successful treatment of refractory mucosal leishmaniasis with pentoxifylline plus antimony","volume":"65","author":"Lessa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00959-09","article-title":"CXCL10 production by human monocytes in response to Leishmania braziliensis infection","volume":"78","author":"Vargas-Inchaustegui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2011.03.021","article-title":"Recent advances in leishmaniasis treatment","volume":"15","author":"Tiuman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2013.755515","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: an update of current pharmacotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Sundar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-016-0112-2","article-title":"Current challenges in treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis in India: a public health perspective","volume":"5","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Poverty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1674","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001674","article-title":"Sodium stibogluconate (SSG) & paromomycin combination compared to SSG for visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Musa","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1086\/591972","article-title":"New treatment approach in Indian visceral leishmaniasis: single-dose liposomal amphotericin B followed by short-course oral miltefosine","volume":"47","author":"Sundar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62050-8","article-title":"Comparison of short-course multidrug treatment with standard therapy for visceral leishmaniasis in India: an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial","volume":"377","author":"Sundar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.973850","article-title":"An update on pharmacotherapy for leishmaniasis","volume":"16","author":"Sundar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3480","article-title":"How were new medicines discovered?","volume":"10","author":"Swinney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2013.01.005","article-title":"New technologies and their impact on \u2018omics' research","volume":"17","author":"Bogyo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-015-0618-3","article-title":"Target deconvolution of bioactive small molecules: the heart of chemical biology and drug discovery","volume":"38","author":"Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7719","DOI":"10.1021\/jm400362b","article-title":"Drug discovery for neglected diseases: molecular target-based and phenotypic approaches","volume":"56","author":"Gilbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118201300142X","article-title":"Screening strategies to identify new chemical diversity for drug development to treat kinetoplastid infections","volume":"141","author":"Don","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.2174\/09298673113206660286","article-title":"Targeting protozoan parasite metabolism: glycolytic enzymes in the therapeutic crosshairs","volume":"21","author":"Harris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2498-x","article-title":"Evaluation of plumbagin and its derivative as potential modulators of redox thiol metabolism of Leishmania parasite","volume":"110","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2008.06.012","article-title":"Synthesis of macrocyclic trypanosomal cysteine protease inhibitors","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77570-8_10","article-title":"Antiparasitic chemotherapy: tinkering with the purine salvage pathway","volume":"625","author":"Datta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0330","first-page":"326","article-title":"Trypanosomatids topoisomerase re-visited. New structural findings and role in drug discovery","volume":"4","author":"Balana-Fouce","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(02)00088-1","article-title":"Inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase in Leishmania and trypanosomes","volume":"1587","author":"Gilbert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003888","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003888","article-title":"Induction of a stringent metabolic response in intracellular stages of Leishmania mexicana leads to increased dependence on mitochondrial metabolism","volume":"10","author":"Saunders","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2011.222","article-title":"Cloning, expression, characterization and inhibition studies on trypanothione synthetase, a drug target enzyme, from Leishmania donovani","volume":"392","author":"Saudagar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.12.68","article-title":"Dihydrofolate reductase as a therapeutic target for infectious diseases: opportunities and challenges","volume":"4","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-012-1411-6","article-title":"Probing the structure of Leishmania major DHFR TS and structure based virtual screening of peptide library for the identification of anti-leishmanial leads","volume":"18","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mol. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.03.043","article-title":"An integrated approach towards the discovery of novel non-nucleoside Leishmania major pteridine reductase 1 inhibitors","volume":"132","author":"Leite","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2015.04.006","article-title":"Potential therapeutic targets and the role of technology in developing novel antileishmanial drugs","volume":"20","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626838","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/626838","article-title":"Developments in diagnosis and antileishmanial drugs","volume":"2012","author":"Bhargava","year":"2012","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Perspect. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0510081","article-title":"Intracellular growth and pathogenesis of Leishmania parasites","volume":"51","author":"Naderer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1253","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001253","article-title":"A screen against Leishmania intracellular amastigotes: comparison to a promastigote screen and identification of a host cell-specific hit","volume":"5","author":"De Muylder","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02398-12","article-title":"Comparison of a high-throughput high-content intracellular Leishmania donovani assay with an axenic amastigote assay","volume":"57","author":"De Rycker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.4.1157","article-title":"Drug cytotoxicity assay for African trypanosomes and Leishmania species","volume":"172","author":"Bodley","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.1.111-126.2006","article-title":"Drug resistance in leishmaniasis","volume":"19","author":"Croft","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0400","series-title":"Protein Phosphorylation: a Practical Approach","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(97)00043-4","article-title":"Assessment of the Alamar Blue assay for cellular growth and viability in vitro","volume":"204","author":"Nakayama","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(97)00079-X","article-title":"The Alamar Blue assay to determine drug sensitivity of African trypanosomes (T.b. rhodesiense and T.b. gambiense) in vitro","volume":"68","author":"Raz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0015","article-title":"Development of an Alamar Blue viability assay in 384-well format for high throughput whole cell screening of Trypanosoma brucei brucei bloodstream form strain 427","volume":"81","author":"Sykes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004094","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004094","article-title":"Development and validation of a novel Leishmania donovani screening cascade for high-throughput screening using a novel axenic assay with high predictivity of leishmanicidal intracellular activity","volume":"9","author":"Nuhs","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1997.3500","article-title":"In vivo interference of paromomycin with mitochondrial activity of Leishmania","volume":"232","author":"Maarouf","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2210-1-1","article-title":"Flow cytometry analysis of the effect of allopurinol and the dinitroaniline compound (Chloralin) on the viability and proliferation of Leishmania infantum promastigotes","volume":"1","author":"Kamau","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(99)00051-2","article-title":"Comparison of different staining procedures for the flow cytometric analysis of U-937 cells infected with different Leishmania-species","volume":"37","author":"Abdullah","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.2001.0825","article-title":"Flow cytometry, a useful tool for detecting the lethal effect of pentamidine on Leishmania viannia complex promastigote forms","volume":"44","author":"Delgado","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1997.4205","article-title":"Leishmania spp.: mechanisms of toxicity of nitrogen oxidation products","volume":"87","author":"Mauel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(99)00034-0","article-title":"A comparison of the effects of a benzimidazole and the dinitroanilines against Leishmania infantum","volume":"73","author":"Armson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0706-4","article-title":"A microplate assay for Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes expressing multimeric green fluorescent protein","volume":"89","author":"Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp206","article-title":"Transgenic Leishmania donovani clinical isolates expressing green fluorescent protein constitutively for rapid and reliable ex vivo drug screening","volume":"64","author":"Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.52.109","article-title":"Applications of recombinant Leishmania amazonensis expressing egfp or the beta-galactosidase gene for drug screening and histopathological analysis","volume":"52","author":"Okuno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05412-11","article-title":"Identification of new antileishmanial leads from hits obtained by high-throughput screening","volume":"56","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(00)00270-X","article-title":"Episomal and stable expression of the luciferase reporter gene for quantifying Leishmania spp. infections in macrophages and in animal models","volume":"110","author":"Roy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3776","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.9.3776-3783.2005","article-title":"Use of Leishmania donovani field isolates expressing the luciferase reporter gene in in vitro drug screening","volume":"49","author":"Singhal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2004.00468.x","article-title":"Bioluminescent Leishmania expressing luciferase for rapid and high throughput screening of drugs acting on amastigote-harbouring macrophages and for quantitative real-time monitoring of parasitism features in living mice","volume":"7","author":"Lang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.06.006","article-title":"Reporter genes facilitating discovery of drugs targeting protozoan parasites","volume":"25","author":"Dube","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0495","first-page":"1980","article-title":"In vivo imaging of transgenic Leishmania parasites in a live host","volume":"41","author":"Thalhofer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/1087057114555846","article-title":"High-throughput screening platform for natural product-based drug discovery against 3 neglected tropical diseases: human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease","volume":"20","author":"Annang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Screen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e675","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000675","article-title":"Antileishmanial high-throughput drug screening reveals drug candidates with new scaffolds","volume":"4","author":"Siqueira-Neto","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0510","first-page":"965","article-title":"Report of the 2nd Chagas Drug Discovery Consortium meeting, held on 3 November 2010; Atlanta GA, USA.E xpert Opin","volume":"6","author":"Bustamante","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8771","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08771","article-title":"New compound sets identified from high throughput phenotypic screening against three kinetoplastid parasites: an open resource","volume":"5","author":"Pena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1089\/adt.2015.655","article-title":"High-content assays for characterizing the viability and morphology of 3D cancer spheroid cultures","volume":"13","author":"Sirenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Assay Drug Dev. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/108705719700200410","article-title":"High-content screening: a new approach to easing key bottlenecks in the drug discovery process","volume":"2","author":"Giuliano","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Screen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2010.02.005","article-title":"High content screening: seeing is believing","volume":"28","author":"Zanella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-3788-3","article-title":"The beautiful cell: high-content screening in drug discovery","volume":"398","author":"Bickle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Analyt. Bioanalyt. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001671","article-title":"An image-based high-content screening assay for compounds targeting intracellular Leishmania donovani amastigotes in human macrophages","volume":"6","author":"Siqueira-Neto","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1089\/adt.2015.652","article-title":"High-content assay for measuring intracellular growth of Leishmania in human macrophages","volume":"13","author":"Dagley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Assay Drug Dev. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp500","article-title":"In vitro activity of anti-leishmanial drugs against Leishmania donovani is host cell dependent","volume":"65","author":"Seifert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00216-12","article-title":"Novel approach to in vitro drug susceptibility assessment of clinical strains of Leishmania spp","volume":"50","author":"Fernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3524","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01781-15","article-title":"A replicative in vitro assay for drug discovery against Leishmania donovani","volume":"60","author":"Tegazzini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e962","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000962","article-title":"Identification of small molecule lead compounds for visceral leishmaniasis using a novel ex vivo splenic explant model system","volume":"5","author":"Osorio","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2154","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002154","article-title":"High content analysis of primary macrophages hosting proliferating Leishmania amastigotes: application to anti-leishmanial drug discovery","volume":"7","author":"Aulner","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571242","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/571242","article-title":"Use of antimony in the treatment of leishmaniasis: current status and future directions","volume":"2011","author":"Haldar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2012.01.003","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis treatment: what do we have, what do we need and how to deliver it?","volume":"2","author":"Freitas-Junior","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815023","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/815023","article-title":"Advances in development of new treatment for leishmaniasis","volume":"2015","author":"de Menezes","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0743","article-title":"Amphotericin B formulations and other drugs for visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"92","author":"Berman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3169","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003169","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of amphotericin B emulsion versus liposomal formulation in Indian patients with visceral leishmaniasis: a randomized, open-label study","volume":"8","author":"Sundar","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis474","article-title":"Efficacy of miltefosine in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in India after a decade of use","volume":"55","author":"Sundar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2008.12.007","article-title":"Paromomycin: uptake and resistance in Leishmania donovani","volume":"164","author":"Jhingran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066536","article-title":"Injectable paromomycin for Visceral leishmaniasis in India","volume":"356","author":"Sundar","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(03)00011-4","article-title":"Variation of leishmanicidal activity in four populations of Urechites andrieuxii","volume":"86","author":"Chan-Bacab","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(02)00611-9","article-title":"Synthesis and in vitro leishmanicidal activity of some hydrazides and their analogues","volume":"11","author":"Khan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.4.818","article-title":"An axenic amastigote system for drug screening","volume":"41","author":"Callahan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1992.11812629","article-title":"Drug targeting with polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles: in vitro activity of primaquine-loaded nanoparticles against intracellular Leishmania donovani","volume":"86","author":"Gaspar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5769(99)00020-3","article-title":"A simple colorimetric method to screen drug cytotoxicity against Leishmania using the dye Alamar Blue","volume":"48","author":"Mikus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00932680","article-title":"The use of a water-soluble formazan complex to quantitate the cell number and mitochondrial function of Leishmania major promastigotes","volume":"80","author":"Berg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.5.972","article-title":"Axenically cultured amastigote forms as an in vitro model for investigation of antileishmanial agents","volume":"41","author":"Sereno","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1927","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001927","article-title":"Appraisal of a Leishmania major strain stably expressing mCherry fluorescent protein for both in vitro and in vivo studies of potential drugs and vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"6","author":"Calvo-Alvarez","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.11.018","article-title":"An alternative in vitro drug screening test using Leishmania amazonensis transfected with red fluorescent protein","volume":"75","author":"Rocha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku422","article-title":"Nitroimidazo-oxazole compound DNDI-VL-2098: an orally effective preclinical drug candidate for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"70","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.09.006","article-title":"In vitro metabolism, disposition, preclinical pharmacokinetics and prediction of human pharmacokinetics of DNDI-VL-2098, a potential oral treatment for visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"65","author":"Mukkavilli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2014.03.065","article-title":"Design, synthesis, ADME characterization and antileishmanial evaluation of novel substituted quinoline analogs","volume":"24","author":"Gopinath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2015.08.013","article-title":"Aminothiazoles: hit to lead development to identify antileishmanial agents","volume":"102","author":"Bhuniya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9615","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b01456","article-title":"Novel amino-pyrazole ureas with potent in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity","volume":"58","author":"Mowbray","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119re111","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003326","article-title":"The anti-trypanosome drug fexinidazole shows potential for treating visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"4","author":"Wyllie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004_bib0690","first-page":"458","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis treated with ambisome (liposomal amphotericin B)","volume":"151","author":"Ben-Shimol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harefuah"}],"container-title":["Drug Discovery Today"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359644617300053?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359644617300053?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T12:30:34Z","timestamp":1761222634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1359644617300053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1359644617300053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6446"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6446","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Leishmaniasis drug discovery: recent progress and challenges in assay development","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Drug Discovery Today","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.06.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}