{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:43:29Z","timestamp":1790682209404,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Nationanal Science Center","award":["2016\/21\/P\/ST5\/03512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/21\/P\/ST5\/03512"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmn.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Discovery Today"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]],"date-time":"2017-10-28T19:01:05Z","timestamp":1509217265000},"page":"260-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["NCp7: targeting a multitasking protein for next-generation anti-HIV drug development part 1: covalent inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Luca","family":"Sancineto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nunzio","family":"Iraci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriana","family":"Tabarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Santi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0005","series-title":"Global HIV Statistics: Fact Sheet November 2016","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(04)03163-0","article-title":"From magic bullets to designed multiple ligands","volume":"9","author":"Morphy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2014.07.018","article-title":"Exploiting the anti-HIV 6-desfluoroquinolones to design multiple ligands","volume":"22","author":"Sancineto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/487439a","article-title":"HIV: shock and kill","volume":"487","author":"Deeks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002774","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002774","article-title":"A highly intensified ART regimen induces long-term viral suppression and restriction of the viral reservoir in a simian AIDS model","volume":"8","author":"Shytaj","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6603(05)80006-6","article-title":"Nucleic acid chaperone activity of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein: critical role in reverse transcription and molecular mechanism","volume":"80","author":"Levin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.06.021","article-title":"Comparative nucleic acid chaperone properties of the nucleocapsid protein NCp7 and Tat protein of HIV-1","volume":"169","author":"Godet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1021\/jp054189i","article-title":"Evidence for non-two-state kinetics in the nucleocapsid protein chaperoned opening of DNA hairpins","volume":"110","author":"Cosa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2006.08.070","article-title":"Rapid kinetics of protein-nucleic acid interaction is a major component of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein\u2019s nucleic acid chaperone function","volume":"363","author":"Cruceanu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(03)00472-8","article-title":"Analysis of NCp7-dependent activation of HIV-1 cDNA integration and its conservation among retroviral nucleocapsid proteins","volume":"329","author":"Poljak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160101-T","article-title":"The multiple roles of the nucleocapsid in retroviral RNA conversion into proviral DNA by reverse transcriptase","volume":"44","author":"Darlix","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.7.6.14065","article-title":"Properties and functions of the nucleocapsid protein in virus assembly","volume":"7","author":"Muriaux","year":"2010","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0116921","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116921","article-title":"Investigating the cellular distribution and interactions of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein by quantitative fluorescence microscopy","volume":"10","author":"Anton","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.02.004","article-title":"HIV-1 nucleocapsid mimics the membrane adaptor syntenin PDZ to gain access to ESCRTs and promote virus budding","volume":"19","author":"Sette","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.3390\/v2040939","article-title":"Implications of the nucleocapsid and the microenvironment in retroviral reverse transcription","volume":"2","author":"Mougel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.7.6.13616","article-title":"Biophysical studies of the nucleic acid chaperone properties of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein","volume":"7","author":"Godet","year":"2010","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0085","first-page":"147","article-title":"Structural and antigenic characterization of the proteins of human T-cell leukemia viruses and their relationships to the gene products of other retroviruses","volume":"15","author":"Oroszlan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Princess Takamatsu Symp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0090","first-page":"53","article-title":"Nucleocapsid protein: a desirable target for future therapies against HIV-1","volume":"389","author":"Mori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.07.004","article-title":"Advances in targeting nucleocapsid-nucleic acid interactions in HIV-1 therapy","volume":"193","author":"Garg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2217\/hiv.10.3","article-title":"The nucleocapsid protein of HIV-1 as a promising therapeutic target for antiviral drugs","volume":"4","author":"Goldschmidt","year":"2010","journal-title":"HIV Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2011.03.037","article-title":"Flexible nature and specific functions of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein","volume":"410","author":"Darlix","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s007750050301","article-title":"Metal binding to the HIV nucleocapsid peptide","volume":"4","author":"McLendon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05377.x","article-title":"Determination of the structure of the nucleocapsid protein NCp7 from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by 1H NMR","volume":"11","author":"Morellet","year":"1992","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560010502","article-title":"Nucleocapsid zinc fingers detected in retroviruses: EXAFS studies of intact viruses and the solution-state structure of the nucleocapsid protein from HIV-1","volume":"1","author":"Summers","year":"1992","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80033-6","article-title":"Conformational behaviour of the active and inactive forms of the nucleocapsid NCp7 of HIV-1 studied by 1H NMR","volume":"235","author":"Morellet","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5349.384","article-title":"Structure of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein bound to the SL3 psi-RNA recognition element","volume":"279","author":"De Guzman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1998.1766","article-title":"Dynamical behavior of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein","volume":"279","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1998.2098","article-title":"Structure of the complex between the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein NCp7 and the single-stranded pentanucleotide d(ACGCC)","volume":"283","author":"Morellet","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.3979","article-title":"NMR structure of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein bound to stem-loop SL2 of the \u03a8-RNA packaging signal. implications for genome recognition","volume":"301","author":"Amarasinghe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.08.046","article-title":"How the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein binds and destabilises the (\u2013)primer binding site during reverse transcription","volume":"383","author":"Bourbigot","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3903","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq1290","article-title":"Structural insights into the cTAR DNA recognition by the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein: role of sugar deoxyriboses in the binding polarity of NC","volume":"39","author":"Bazzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4314","DOI":"10.1021\/bi802364b","article-title":"The RNA recognition mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2 NCp8 is different from that of HIV-1 NCp7","volume":"48","author":"Matsui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1021\/bi201834g","article-title":"Platinated DNA affects zinc finger conformation: interaction of a platinated single-stranded oligonucleotide and the C-terminal zinc finger of nucleocapsid protein HIV NCp7","volume":"51","author":"Quintal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17890","DOI":"10.1021\/bi980907y","article-title":"Probing the topography of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein with the alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide","volume":"37","author":"Chertova","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.03.002","article-title":"HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein localizes efficiently to the nucleus and nucleolus","volume":"492","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.101033198","article-title":"Mechanism for nucleic acid chaperone activity of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein revealed by single molecule stretching","volume":"98","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1021\/tx00046a013","article-title":"Specific disulfide formation in the oxidation of HIV-1 zinc finger protein nucleocapsid p7","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14890","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.20.14890","article-title":"Inactivation of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein P7 by pyridinioalkanoyl thioesters: Characterization of reaction products and proposed mechanism of action","volume":"275","author":"Basrur","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4313","DOI":"10.1021\/jm960253w","article-title":"Biophysical characterization of zinc ejection from HIV nucleocapsid protein by anti-HIV 2,2\u2032-dithiobisbenzamides] and benzisothiazolones","volume":"39","author":"Loo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6180","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.9.6180-6189.1996","article-title":"Inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 zinc fingers prevent normal processing of gag precursors and result in the release of noninfectious virus particles","volume":"70","author":"Turpin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1021\/jm9802517","article-title":"Synthesis and biological properties of novel pyridinioalkanoyl thiolesters (PATE) as anti-HIV-1 agents that target the viral nucleocapsid protein zinc fingers","volume":"42","author":"Turpin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9601","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b01183","article-title":"Design and synthesis of DiselenoBisBenzamides (DISeBAs) as Nucleocapsid Protein 7 (NCp7) inhibitors with anti-HIV activity","volume":"58","author":"Sancineto","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0492195","article-title":"Studies on the mechanism of inactivation of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein NCp7 with 2-mercaptobenzamide thioesters","volume":"48","author":"Jenkins","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11067","DOI":"10.1021\/ja071254o","article-title":"Specificity of acyl transfer from 2-mercaptobenzamide thioesters to the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein","volume":"129","author":"Jenkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10425","DOI":"10.1021\/ic801004a","article-title":"Effects of nucleobase metalation on frontier molecular orbitals: potential implications for pi-stacking interactions with tryptophan","volume":"47","author":"Anzellotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1021\/ic051644g","article-title":"Covalent and noncovalent interactions for metal(dien)nucleobase](2+) complexes with L-tryptophan derivatives: formation of palladium-tryptophan species by nucleobase substitution under biologically relevant conditions","volume":"45","author":"Anzellotti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/361473a0","article-title":"Inhibition of HIV-1 infectivity by zinc-ejecting aromatic C-nitroso compounds","volume":"361","author":"Rice","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(93)81778-X","article-title":"Inhibition of the replication of native and 3\u2032-azido-2\u2032,3\u2032-dideoxy-thymidine (AZT)-resistant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) by 3-nitrosobenzamide","volume":"326","author":"Chuang","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9721","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.20.9721","article-title":"The site of antiviral action of 3-nitrosobenzamide on the infectivity process of human immunodeficiency virus in human lymphocytes","volume":"90","author":"Rice","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0397-341","article-title":"Azodicarbonamide inhibits HIV-1 replication by targeting the nucleocapsid protein","volume":"3","author":"Rice","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1996.12.567","article-title":"ADA, a potential anti-HIV drug","volume":"12","author":"Vandevelde","year":"1996","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1021\/jm9708543","article-title":"Anti-HIV agents that selectively target retroviral nucleocapsid protein zinc fingers without affecting cellular zinc finger proteins","volume":"41","author":"Huang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5239.1194","article-title":"Inhibitors of HIV nucleocapsid protein zinc fingers as candidates for the treatment of AIDS","volume":"270","author":"Rice","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/095632020901900502","article-title":"Novel compounds for the treatment of HIV type-1 infection","volume":"19","author":"Stellbrink","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antivir. Chem. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401965","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/401965","article-title":"The continuing evolution of HIV-1 therapy: identification and development of novel antiretroviral agents targeting viral and cellular targets","volume":"2012","author":"Hartman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200101050-00007","article-title":"Phase I\/II dose escalation and randomized withdrawal study with add-on azodicarbonamide in patients failing on current antiretroviral therapy","volume":"15","author":"Goebel","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.2.419","article-title":"Inhibition of multiple phases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by a dithiane compound that attacks the conserved zinc fingers of retroviral nucleocapsid proteins","volume":"41","author":"Rice","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(03)00269-4","article-title":"Synthesis, resolution, and determination of the absolute configuration of the enantiomers of cis-4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-dithiane 1,1-dioxide, an HIV-1 NCp7 inhibitor","volume":"11","author":"Mayasundari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(94)90092-2","article-title":"Biological and biochemical anti-HIV activity of the benzothiadiazine class of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors","volume":"25","author":"Buckheit","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4966","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.8.4966-4972.1996","article-title":"Inactivation of murine leukemia virus by compounds that react with the zinc finger in the viral nucleocapsid protein","volume":"70","author":"Rein","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1654(199612)6:4<187::AID-RMV176>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Virus-encoded zinc fingers as targets for antiviral chemotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Rice","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.3.969","article-title":"The in vitro ejection of zinc from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 nucleocapsid protein by disulfide benzamides with cellular anti-HIV activity","volume":"93","author":"Tummino","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.2.394","article-title":"The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nucleocapsid protein zinc ejection activity of disulfide benzamides and benzisothiazolones: Correlation with anti-HIV and virucidal activities","volume":"41","author":"Tummino","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(00)00143-1","article-title":"Inhibition of the early phase of HIV replication by an isothiazolone, PD 161374","volume":"49","author":"Sharmeen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3606","DOI":"10.1021\/jm960375o","article-title":"Evaluation of selected chemotypes in coupled cellular and molecular target-based screens identifies novel HIV-1 zinc finger inhibitors","volume":"39","author":"Rice","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1021\/jm970147+","article-title":"Zinc ejection as a new rationale for the use of cystamine and related disulfide-containing antiviral agents in the treatment of AIDS","volume":"40","author":"McDonnell","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7992","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.10.7992-8001.1998","article-title":"Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity with preservation of conformational and functional integrity of virion surface proteins","volume":"72","author":"Rossio","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2006.0136","article-title":"Evaluation of aldrithiol-2-inactivated preparations of HIV type 1 subtypes A, B, and D as reagents to monitor T cell responses","volume":"23","author":"Rutebemberwa","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(01)00392-3","article-title":"Synthesis and biological properties of amino acid amide ligand-based pyridinioalkanoyl thioesters as anti-HIV agents","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(98)00118-7","article-title":"2,2\u2032-Dithiobisbenzamides derived from alpha-, beta- and gamma-amino acids possessing anti-HIV activities: synthesis and structure-activity relationship","volume":"6","author":"Prasad","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(96)00269-6","article-title":"A new class of anti-HIV-1 agents targeted toward the nucleocapsid protein NCp7: the 2,2\u2032-dithiobisbenzamides","volume":"5","author":"Domagala","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1645","article-title":"Infection of human immunodeficiency virus 1 transgenic mice with Toxoplasma gondii stimulates proviral transcription in macrophages in vivo","volume":"183","author":"Gazzinelli","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1089\/088922203762688595","article-title":"In vivo antiviral activity of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid p7 zinc finger inhibitors in a transgenic murine model","volume":"19","author":"Schito","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2004.09.032","article-title":"Optimization of unique, uncharged thioesters as inhibitors of HIV replication","volume":"12","author":"Srivastava","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioorganic. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.456","article-title":"Small-molecule inactivation of HIV-1 NCp7 by repetitive intracellular acyl transfer","volume":"6","author":"Jenkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9175","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00820-09","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid inhibitors impede trans infection in cellular and explant models and protect nonhuman primates from infection","volume":"83","author":"Wallace","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7582","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00537-11","article-title":"One percent tenofovir applied topically to humanized BLT mice and used according to the CAPRISA 004 experimental design demonstrates partial protection from vaginal HIV infection, validating the BLT model for evaluation of new microbicide candidates","volume":"85","author":"Denton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3426","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24551","article-title":"An intravaginal ring for the simultaneous delivery of an HIV-1 maturation inhibitor and reverse-transcriptase inhibitor for prophylaxis of HIV transmission","volume":"104","author":"Ugaonkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2017.26","article-title":"A novel preventive strategy against HIV-1 infection: combinatorial use of inhibitors targeting the nucleocapsid and fusion proteins","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0400","unstructured":"Appella, D. et al. US Health. Thioether prodrug compositions as anti-hiv and anti-retroviral agents. US 20130096092."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0405","unstructured":"Appella, D. et al. US Health. Thioether prodrug compositions as anti-HIV and anti-retroviral agents. WO 2015035003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.08.022","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of a mercaptobenzamide and its prodrug for NCp7-targeted inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"134","author":"Hartman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201700141","article-title":"Probing mercaptobenzamides as HIV inactivators via nucleocapsid protein 7","volume":"12","author":"Saha","year":"2017","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s007750000113","article-title":"Modulation of the chemical and biological properties of trans platinum complexes: monofunctional platinum complexes containing one nucleobase as potential antiviral chemotypes","volume":"5","author":"Sartori","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2009.07.002","article-title":"Zinc finger proteins as templates for metal ion exchange: substitution effects on the C-finger of HIV nucleocapsid NCp7 using M(chelate) species (M=Pt, Pd, Au)","volume":"103","author":"de Paula","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11396","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.6b01925","article-title":"Interaction of the HIV NCp7 protein with platinum(II) and gold(III) complexes containing tridentate ligands","volume":"55","author":"Bernardes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1021\/ic501784n","article-title":"Au(dien)(N-heterocycle)](3+): reactivity with biomolecules and zinc finger peptides","volume":"54","author":"Spell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CC07970A","article-title":"Au(iii) compounds as HIV nucleocapsid protein (NCp7)-nucleic acid antagonists","volume":"53","author":"Spell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12308","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.7b01762","article-title":"Probing the HIV-1 NCp7 nucleocapsid protein with site-specific gold(I)\u2013phosphine complexes","volume":"56","author":"de Paiva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201300287","article-title":"Computer-aided design, synthesis and validation of 2-phenylquinazolinone fragments as CDK9 inhibitors with anti-HIV-1 tat-mediated transcription activity","volume":"8","author":"Sancineto","year":"2013","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201100073","article-title":"Structural investigation of the naphthyridone scaffold: identification of a 1,6-naphthyridone derivative with potent and selective anti-HIV activity","volume":"6","author":"Tabarrini","year":"2011","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(91)81255-7","article-title":"Destabilization of Zn2+ coordination in ADP-ribose transferase (polymerizing) by 6-nitroso-1,2-benzopyrone coincidental with inactivation of the polymerase but not the DNA binding function","volume":"290","author":"Buki","year":"1991","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900352j","article-title":"Organoselenium chemistry: role of intramolecular interactions","volume":"110","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1021\/ar100059g","article-title":"Functional mimics of glutathione peroxidase: bioinspired synthetic antioxidants","volume":"43","author":"Bhabak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2174\/2212796810666160120220725","article-title":"An update on \u2018selenium containing compounds from poison to drug candidates: a review on the GPx-like activity.\u2019","volume":"9","author":"Pacu\u0142a","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Chem Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(02)00007-0","article-title":"Benzamide-based thiolcarbamates: a new class of HIV-1 NCp7 inhibitors","volume":"12","author":"Goel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."}],"container-title":["Drug Discovery Today"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359644617303707?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359644617303707?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T12:36:55Z","timestamp":1761223015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1359644617303707"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1359644617303707"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6446"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6446","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"NCp7: targeting a multitasking protein for next-generation anti-HIV drug development part 1: covalent inhibitors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Drug Discovery Today","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.10.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}