{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T17:42:14Z","timestamp":1794246134611,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Discovery Today"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:11:31Z","timestamp":1770077491000},"page":"104618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An insight into the role of nanotechnology in photothermal and photodynamic therapy of leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Salar","family":"Khaledian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohadese","family":"Abdoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mosayeb","family":"Rostamian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taravat","family":"Ghafourian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3244-2482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Nokhodchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11120.1","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: a review","volume":"6","author":"Torres-Guerrero","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.07.003","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: the act of transmission","volume":"37","author":"Serafim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0015","first-page":"17","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: a neglected tropical disease","volume":"4","author":"Shehnaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global Immunol Infect Dis Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0020","first-page":"79","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: recent advances in diagnostics and treatment regimens","volume":"33","author":"van Griensven","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.09.014","article-title":"Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: differential diagnosis, diagnosis, histopathology, and management","volume":"73","author":"Handler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.2.6.17839","article-title":"Muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis in the new world: the ultimate subversion","volume":"2","author":"Ronet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-021-00232-7","article-title":"A review of leishmaniasis: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"8","author":"Mann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Trop Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009309","article-title":"Effectiveness of vector control methods for the control of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis: a meta-review","volume":"15","author":"Montenegro Qui\u00f1onez","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Neglect Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1990043","article-title":"Overcoming roadblocks in the development of vaccines for leishmaniasis","volume":"20","author":"Kaye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00144","article-title":"Adjuvants for Leishmania vaccines: from models to clinical application","volume":"3","author":"Raman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.09.010","article-title":"Evaluation of the adjuvant effect of agonists of toll-like receptor 4 and 7\/8 in a vaccine against leishmaniasis in BALB\/c mice","volume":"91","author":"Rostamian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204491","article-title":"Vaccination with whole-cell killed or recombinant leishmanial protein and toll-like receptor agonists against Leishmania tropica in BALB\/c mice","volume":"13","author":"Rostamian","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01043","article-title":"Peptide vaccines for leishmaniasis","volume":"9","author":"De Brito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.103953","article-title":"Identification of HLA-I restricted epitopes in six vaccine candidates of Leishmania tropica using immunoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation approaches","volume":"75","author":"Akya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Gen Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-022-00602-2","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and insights into species-specific responses: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Madusanka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1039\/D1MD00362C","article-title":"Current leishmaniasis drug discovery","volume":"13","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0085","article-title":"Drug resistance in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"2010","author":"Maltezou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14919","article-title":"Treatment options for leishmaniasis","volume":"47","author":"Pradhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.04.029","article-title":"Application of nanotechnology in treatment of leishmaniasis: a review","volume":"172","author":"Akbari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.4c00693","article-title":"Advancing treatment for leishmaniasis: from overcoming challenges to embracing therapeutic innovations","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9121749","article-title":"Applications of nanomaterials in leishmaniasis: a focus on recent advances and challenges","volume":"9","author":"Saleem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122615","article-title":"The novel treatments based on tissue engineering, cell therapy and nanotechnology for cutaneous leishmaniasis","author":"Abpeikar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0115","article-title":"Nanotechnology as an alternative to improve the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic review of the literature","author":"De Santana","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Drug Del Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1517\/14728214.2012.748036","article-title":"Liposomal amphotericin B as a treatment for human leishmaniasis","volume":"17","author":"Balasegaram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Emerg Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111109","article-title":"Efficacy of nanoemulsion with Pterodon emarginatus Vogel oleoresin for topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"134","author":"Kawakami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12243","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69276-5","article-title":"Modified solid lipid nanoparticles encapsulated with Amphotericin B and Paromomycin: an effective oral combination against experimental murine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"10","author":"Parvez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10061152","article-title":"Amphotericin b loaded polymeric nanoparticles for treatment of leishmania infections","volume":"10","author":"Saqib","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17030286","article-title":"Enhanced nanogel formulation combining the natural photosensitizer curcumin and Pectis brevipedunculata (Asteraceae) essential oil for synergistic daylight photodynamic therapy in Leishmaniasis treatment","volume":"17","author":"Campos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0145","first-page":"1665","article-title":"Polymeric molecules for enhanced drug delivery with reduce cytotoxicity for treatment of Leishmaniasis","volume":"20","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroQuantol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4123","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25184123","article-title":"Chitosan contribution to therapeutic and vaccinal approaches for the control of leishmaniasis","volume":"25","author":"Loiseau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.07.008","article-title":"Leishmanicidal activity of amphotericin B encapsulated in PLGA\u2013DMSA nanoparticles to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"135","author":"de Carvalho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2023.2173335","article-title":"Co-delivery of amphotericin B and pentamidine loaded niosomal gel for the treatment of Cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"30","author":"Anjum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Del"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2015.07.003","article-title":"Insoluble drug delivery strategies: review of recent advances and business prospects","volume":"5","author":"Kalepu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5289","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S140363","article-title":"Nanostructured delivery systems with improved leishmanicidal activity: a critical review","author":"Bruni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2019-0413","article-title":"Biogenic metal nanoparticles as a potential class of antileishmanial agents: mechanisms and molecular targets","volume":"15","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2012.758875","article-title":"Antiparasitic effects of gold nanoparticles with microwave radiation on promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania major","volume":"29","author":"Sazgarnia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Hyperther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.027","article-title":"Biogenic silver nanoparticles inducing Leishmania amazonensis promastigote and amastigote death in vitro","volume":"178","author":"Fanti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2012.11.002","article-title":"Efficacy of biogenic selenium nanoparticles against Leishmania major: in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"27","author":"Beheshti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0195","article-title":"Greener synthesis of rod shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles using lilium ledebourii tuber and evaluation of their leishmanicidal activity","volume":"18","author":"Khatami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran J Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0200","first-page":"453","article-title":"Potential role of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles against the toxicity of Leishmania tropica in adult albino male rats","volume":"11","author":"Saleh","year":"2019","journal-title":"JGPT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6239","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.4c00835","article-title":"Development of amphotericin B decorated gold nanoparticles as a promising antileishmanial nanoconjugate","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS App Bio Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2017-0233","article-title":"Biosynthesized colloidal silver and gold nanoparticles as emerging leishmanicidal agents: an insight","volume":"12","author":"Ovais","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S23883","article-title":"Antileishmanial effect of silver nanoparticles and their enhanced antiparasitic activity under ultraviolet light","author":"Allahverdiyev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.005","article-title":"PEGylated silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles as novel photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy against Leishmania","volume":"77","author":"Nadhman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102609","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy for leishmaniasis: recent advances and future trends","volume":"36","author":"Varzandeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiag Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.153.5.1302","article-title":"Susceptibility of Leishmania to oxygen intermediates and killing by normal macrophages","volume":"153","author":"Murray","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4782","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00098-15","article-title":"Green synthesis of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Euphorbia prostrata extract shows shift from apoptosis to G0\/G1 arrest followed by necrotic cell death in Leishmania donovani","volume":"59","author":"Zahir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicro Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2021.112169","article-title":"Amphotericin-B-loaded polymer-functionalized reduced graphene oxides for Leishmania amazonensis chemo-photothermal therapy","volume":"209","author":"Vitorino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00522A","article-title":"Organic molecule-based photothermal agents: an expanding photothermal therapy universe","volume":"47","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem Soc Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202301138","article-title":"Recent advances and clinical potential of near infrared photothermal conversion materials for photothermal hepatocellular carcinoma therapy","volume":"33","author":"Ge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Func Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7123","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NR00343K","article-title":"The optical research progress of nanophosphors composed of transition elements in the fourth period of near-infrared windows I and II for deep-tissue theranostics","volume":"14","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6891","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00159","article-title":"Photothermal nanomaterials: a powerful light-to-heat converter","volume":"123","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5943","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201911477","article-title":"Two\u2010dimensional nanomaterials for photothermal therapy","volume":"132","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-007-0470-x","article-title":"Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) using gold nanoparticles","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.02.088","article-title":"Recent biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles: a review","volume":"184","author":"Elahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1468-6996\/16\/2\/023501","article-title":"Recent progress on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, surface functional strategies and biomedical applications","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Technol Adv Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0285","article-title":"Recent advances in synthesis and biomedical applications of two\u2010dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0290","article-title":"Gold nanoparticle\u2010mediated photothermal therapy: applications and opportunities for multimodal cancer treatment","volume":"9","author":"Riley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev: Nanomed Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2018.006","article-title":"Novel combination of silver nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes for plasmonic photo thermal therapy in melanoma cancer model","volume":"8","author":"Behnam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Pharm Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3707","DOI":"10.1021\/nn900904h","article-title":"In vivo near-infrared mediated tumor destruction by photothermal effect of carbon nanotubes","volume":"3","author":"Moon","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.10.064","article-title":"Magnetic nanoparticle clusters for photothermal therapy with near-infrared irradiation","volume":"39","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00618K","article-title":"Photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging via nanotheranostics in fighting cancer","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem Soc Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/40\/12\/003","article-title":"A mathematical model for predicting the temperature distribution in laser-induced hyperthermia. Experimental evaluation and applications","volume":"40","author":"Sturesson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90223-8","article-title":"The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide","volume":"95","author":"Desjeux","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2013.06.002","article-title":"Nano-based antileishmanial agents: a toxicological study on nanoparticles for future treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"27","author":"Jebali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70209-8","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"7","author":"Reithinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/15569527.2021.2000430","article-title":"Combination of infra-red light with nanogold targeting macrophages in the treatment of Leishmania major infected BALB\/C mice","volume":"41","author":"Yasak Guner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cutaneous Ocular Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.313974","article-title":"A new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: photothermal application of macrophage-specific antibody binding graphene oxide nanoparticles","volume":"57","author":"Ozpinar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00353-5","article-title":"The status of combination therapy for visceral leishmaniasis: an updated review","volume":"24","author":"van Griensven","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.4c00231","article-title":"Innovating leishmaniasis treatment: a critical chemist\u2019s review of inorganic nanomaterials","volume":"10","author":"Bessa","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0355","series-title":"Nanophototherapy","first-page":"155","article-title":"Nanomaterial based phototherapy for cancer and infectious disease treatment","author":"Kakkar","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8065","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS00215A","article-title":"Emerging combination strategies with phototherapy in cancer nanomedicine","volume":"49","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem Soc Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.53771\/ijlsra.2024.7.1.0060","article-title":"Revolutionizing drug delivery systems: nanotechnology-based approaches for targeted therapy","volume":"7","author":"Emeihe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Life Sci Res Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4590","DOI":"10.1039\/D4BM00662C","article-title":"Recent advances in near-infrared stimulate nanohybrid hydrogels for cancer photothermal therapy","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282251350317","article-title":"Methylene blue functionalized ZnO nanoparticles: a promising approach for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of leishmaniasis","volume":"40","author":"Gouvea","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Biomater Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201000008","article-title":"Monitoring the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis using L. major expressing GFP","volume":"3","author":"Latorre-Esteves","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biophoto"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2020-0019","article-title":"Photodynamic activity of Photogem(R) in Leishmania promastigotes & infected macrophages","volume":"16","author":"Pinto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.08.020","article-title":"Topical photodynamic therapy with chloroaluminum phthalocyanine liposomes is as effective as systemic pentavalent antimony in the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"28","author":"Lopes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiag Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2010.08.014","article-title":"Sunlight triggered photodynamic ultradeformable liposomes against Leishmania braziliensis are also leishmanicidal in the dark","volume":"147","author":"Montanari","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Control Rel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1997.tb08549.x","article-title":"5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy: principles and experimental research","volume":"65","author":"Peng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-25493-4","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and comparative evaluation of hydroxychloroquine and its niosomal nanoformulation: antileishmanial, cytotoxicity, and immunomodulatory effects in photodynamic therapy","volume":"15","author":"Molaakbari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14121710","article-title":"Light, dyes, and action: photodynamic inactivation of Leishmania amazonensis using methylene blue, new methylene blue, and novel ruthenium-based derivatives","volume":"14","author":"Vasco-dos-Santos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116881","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy offers a novel approach to managing miltefosine-resistant cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"177","author":"Cabral","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacoth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101769","article-title":"Antileishmanial activity of amphiphilic chlorin derivatives mediated by photodynamic therapy","volume":"31","author":"Linares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photodiag Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2024.104001","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of cationic and anionic BSA-curcumin nanoparticles on amastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania major and Leishmania amazonensis","volume":"46","author":"Marcolino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photodiag Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867321666131218095802","article-title":"Indocyanine green: photosensitizer or chromophore? Still a debate","volume":"21","author":"Giraudeau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.10.003","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy for atherosclerosis. The potential of indocyanine green","volume":"29","author":"Houthoofd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photodiag Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0440","first-page":"498","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo evaluation of photo-induced antileishmanial activity of indocyanine green-loaded nanomicelles","volume":"28","author":"Jalili","year":"2025","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101676","article-title":"Efficacy of photodynamic therapy using TiO2 nanoparticles doped with Zn and hypericin in the treatment of cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania amazonensis","volume":"30","author":"Sep\u00falveda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photodiag Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2025.113292","article-title":"Photoactivity of Pluronic\u00ae F-127 nanoencapsulated hypericin against Leishmania: a promising approach for cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"273","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-021-00357-2","article-title":"Photophysical characterization and in vitro anti-leishmanial effect of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-fluorophenyl) porphyrin and the metal (Zn(II), Sn(IV), Mn(III) and V(IV)) derivatives","volume":"35","author":"Espitia-Almeida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.017","article-title":"Solution-combustion synthesis of doped TiO2 compounds and its potential antileishmanial activity mediated by photodynamic therapy","volume":"183","author":"Lopera","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B: Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0465","article-title":"The effect of UV radiation in the presence of TiO2-NPs on Leishmania major promastigotes","volume":"1864","author":"Dolat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-01097-w","article-title":"The synergistic anti-leishmanial effect of photodynamic therapy employing chemotherapymediated nanocomposites","volume":"15","author":"Molaakbari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-25493-4","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and comparative evaluation of hydroxychloroquine and its niosomal nanoformulation: antileishmanial, cytotoxicity, and immunomodulatory effects in photodynamic therapy","volume":"15","author":"Molaakbari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.005","article-title":"PEGylated silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles as novel photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy against Leishmania","volume":"77","author":"Nadhman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Rad Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2021.0010","article-title":"Nanoemulsions with chloroaluminium phthalocyanine and paromomycin for combined photodynamic and antibiotic therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"53","author":"Pinto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.04.004","article-title":"Study of the efficacy of N-methyl glucamine antimoniate (SbV) associated with photodynamic therapy using liposomal chloroaluminium phthalocyanine in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) amazonensis in C57BL6 mice","volume":"26","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiag Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1021\/jm900185q","article-title":"Molecular basis of antimony treatment in leishmaniasis","volume":"52","author":"Baiocco","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1021\/ml1002629","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on trypanothione reductase activity and Leishmania infantum proliferation","volume":"2","author":"Baiocco","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0505","series-title":"The Redox Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Leishmania as a Crossroads for the Lethal Effect of Drugs","first-page":"316","author":"Castro","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29102214","article-title":"Targeting trypanothione metabolism in trypanosomatids","volume":"29","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Montero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04331-8","article-title":"ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation participates in the response against Neospora caninum infection","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasites Vect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23061447","article-title":"4\u2032-Methoxyresveratrol alleviated AGE-induced inflammation via RAGE-mediated NF-\u03baB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway","volume":"23","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/203818","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"2012","author":"Horta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148084","article-title":"The role of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in the killing of Leishmania braziliensis by monocytes from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"11","author":"Carneiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-024-04118-1","article-title":"Comprehensive insights into mechanism of nanotoxicity, assessment methods and regulatory challenges of nanomedicines","volume":"19","author":"Havelikar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discover Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/13698570701306807","article-title":"Toxic effects of nanoparticles and nanomaterials: implications for public health, risk assessment and the public perception of nanotechnology","volume":"9","author":"Handy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Risk Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11569-007-0003-x","article-title":"Nanotoxicology and ethical conditions for informed consent","volume":"1","author":"Shrader-Frechette","year":"2007","journal-title":"NanoEthics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-012-9339-4","article-title":"Challenges in development of nanoparticle-based therapeutics","volume":"14","author":"Desai","year":"2012","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202502315","article-title":"Nanoparticle therapeutics in clinical perspective: classification, marketed products, and regulatory landscape","author":"Desai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"}],"container-title":["Drug Discovery Today"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359644626000231?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359644626000231?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T17:01:52Z","timestamp":1773421312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1359644626000231"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1359644626000231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6446"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6446","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An insight into the role of nanotechnology in photothermal and photodynamic therapy of leishmaniasis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Drug Discovery Today","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104618","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104618"}}