{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T02:51:12Z","timestamp":1794279072431,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Discovery Today"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T23:11:10Z","timestamp":1784589070000},"page":"104743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Universal care under strain: navigating population ageing in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0368-6463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles H.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Beitelshees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Dolsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0005","unstructured":"Eurostat. Population structure and ageing. Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Population_structure_and_ageing. Updated 2025. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0010","unstructured":"OECD. Health at a Glance: Europe 2024. State of Health in the EU Cycle. www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/health-at-a-glance-europe-2024_b3704e14-en.html. Published November 18, 2024. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0015","unstructured":"Eurostat. Ageing Europe: Statistics On Population Developments. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/SEPDF\/cache\/80393.pdf. Published November 15, 2023. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0020","unstructured":"Eurostat. Population projections at regional level. Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Population_projections_at_regional_level. Updated 2021. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0025","unstructured":"Eurostat. Old-age dependency growing across EU regions. Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/products-eurostat-news\/w\/ddn-20251001-2. Published October 1, 2025. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0030","unstructured":"Eurostat. Healthy life years statistics. Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Healthy_life_years_statistics. Updated 2025. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-10084-x","article-title":"Trends of multimorbidity in 15 European countries: a population-based study in community-dwelling adults aged 50 and over","volume":"21","author":"Souza","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0040","unstructured":"Eurostat. Healthcare expenditure statistics by function, provider and financing scheme. Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Healthcare_expenditure_statistics_by_function,_provider_and_financing_scheme. Updated 2024. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0045","unstructured":"European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. 2024 Ageing Report: Economic and Budgetary Projections for the EU Member States (2022\u20132070). European Economy Institutional Paper 279. https:\/\/economy-finance.ec.europa.eu\/publications\/2024-ageing-report-economic-and-budgetary-projections-eu-member-states-2022-2070_en. Published April 18, 2024. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3326\/pse.42.3.3","article-title":"Healthcare expenditure and fiscal sustainability: evidence from Switzerland","volume":"42","author":"Braendle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Sect Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0055","unstructured":"European Commission. Long-term care. European Commission Website. https:\/\/employment-social-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies-and-activities\/social-protection-social-inclusion\/social-protection\/long-term-care_en. Published 2023. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0060","unstructured":"Rakshit S, McGough M. How does U.S. life expectancy compare to other countries? Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker Website. www.healthsystemtracker.org\/chart-collection\/u-s-life-expectancy-compare-countries\/. Published March 31, 2026. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0065","unstructured":"Eurostat. EU life expectancy estimated at 81.5 years in 2023. Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/products-eurostat-news\/w\/ddn-20240503-2. Published May 3, 2024. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0070","unstructured":"Eurostat. Overweight and obesity: BMI statistics. Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Overweight_and_obesity_-_BMI_statistics. Updated 2024. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e172","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(25)00009-X","article-title":"Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990\u20132021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"10","author":"GBD 2021 Europe Life Expectancy Collaborators","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-024-00148-2","article-title":"Healthcare on the brink: navigating the challenges of an aging society in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Jones","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0085","unstructured":"Eurostat. EU statistics on income and living conditions. Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/microdata\/european-union-statistics-on-income-and-living-conditions. Published 2023. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0090","unstructured":"Eurostat. Disability statistics: elderly needs for help or assistance. Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Disability_statistics_-_elderly_needs_for_help_or_assistance. Updated 2022. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0095","unstructured":"SHARE-ERIC. Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. https:\/\/share-eric.eu\/. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0100","unstructured":"Eurostat. European health interview survey. Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/microdata\/european-health-interview-survey. Published 2019. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041330","article-title":"Polypharmacy prevalence among older adults based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe: an update","volume":"14","author":"Bonanno","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1254912","article-title":"Optimizing polypharmacy management in the elderly: a comprehensive European benchmarking survey and the development of an innovative online benchmarking application","volume":"14","author":"Kardas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2013.827660","article-title":"Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly","volume":"13","author":"Maher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0120","unstructured":"Haute Autorit\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9. Bilan Partag\u00e9 de M\u00e9dication. www.has-sante.fr\/. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0125","unstructured":"ABDA. Overview. Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists. ABDA Website. www.abda.de\/en\/about-abda\/overview\/. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0130","unstructured":"Alzheimer Europe. Dementia in Europe Yearbook 2019: Estimating the Prevalence of Dementia in Europe. www.alzheimer-europe.org\/sites\/default\/files\/alzheimer_europe_dementia_in_europe_yearbook_2019.pdf. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0135","unstructured":"Eurostat. Healthcare resource statistics\u2014beds. Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Healthcare_resource_statistics_-_beds. Updated 2025. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2416394","article-title":"Tirzepatide as compared with semaglutide for the treatment of obesity","volume":"393","author":"Aronne","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0145","unstructured":"Swiss Re Group. GLP-1 drugs may reduce mortality by up to 6.4% in the US by 2045. Swiss Re Website. www.swissre.com\/press-release\/GLP-1-drugs-may-reduce-mortality-by-up-to-6-4-in-the-US-by-2045\/3f8ec083-2b76-4eea-88cb-e5af644e045d. Published September 17, 2025. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2407417","article-title":"Final, 10-year outcomes with nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma","volume":"392","author":"Wolchok","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0155","unstructured":"OECD. OECD Health Statistics 2025. OECD Website. www.oecd.org\/en\/data\/datasets\/oecd-health-statistics.html. Published 2025. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0160","unstructured":"Eurostat. Healthcare personnel statistics\u2014physicians. Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Healthcare_personnel_statistics_-_physicians. Updated 2024. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0165","unstructured":"Eurostat. Healthcare personnel statistics\u2014nursing and caring professionals. Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Healthcare_personnel_statistics_-_nursing_and_caring_professionals. Updated 2025. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0170","unstructured":"Dubois H, Leon\u010dikas T, Molinuevo D, Wilkens M (Eurofound). Long-term Care Workforce: Employment and Working Conditions. https:\/\/assets.eurofound.europa.eu\/f\/279033\/0d2e536e51\/ef20028en.pdf. Published 2020. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0175","unstructured":"OECD. Health at a Glance 2021: OECD Indicators. www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/2021\/11\/health-at-a-glance-2021_cc38aa56.html. Published November 9, 2021. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0180","unstructured":"OECD. Health at a Glance 2023: OECD Indicators. www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/2023\/11\/health-at-a-glance-2023_e04f8239.html. Published November 7, 2023. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0185","unstructured":"Foster D. Delayed Hospital Discharges and Adult Social Care. London: House of Commons Library. https:\/\/commonslibrary.parliament.uk\/delayed-hospital-discharges-and-adult-social-care\/. Published February 9, 2023. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0190","unstructured":"European Commission. The digital economy and society index. European Commission Website. https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/desi. Updated 2024. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0195","unstructured":"European Parliament, Council of the European Union. Regulation (EU) 2025\/327 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2025 on the European Health Data Space and amending Directive 2011\/24\/EU and Regulation (EU) 2024\/2847. Off J Eur Union. 2025. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2025\/327\/oj\/eng. Published February 11, 2025. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0200","unstructured":"Eurostat. Degree of urbanization: Information on data. Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/degree-of-urbanisation\/information-data. Updated 2025. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0205","unstructured":"Eurostat. EUROPOP2023: population projections at national level (2022\u20132100). Eurostat Website. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/cache\/metadata\/en\/proj_23n_esms.htm. Published 2023. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0210","unstructured":"European Commission. Country health profiles 2021. European Commission Website. https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/state-health-eu\/country-health-profiles\/country-health-profiles-2021_en. Published 2021. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.16113","article-title":"The prevalence of polypharmacy in older Europeans: a multinational database study of general practitioner prescribing","volume":"90","author":"Bennie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0220","first-page":"1","article-title":"Finland: health system review","volume":"21","author":"Keskim\u00e4ki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Syst Transit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0225","unstructured":"Ono T, Schoenstein M, Buchan J. Geographic Imbalances in Doctor Supply and Policy Responses. OECD Health Working Papers No. 69. www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/reports\/2014\/04\/geographic-imbalances-in-doctor-supply-and-policy-responses_g17a2478\/5jz5sq5ls1wl-en.pdf. Published 2014. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0230","unstructured":"Conseil National de l\u2019Ordre des M\u00e9decins. Publication of the 2023 Medical Demography Atlas. www.conseil-national.medecin.fr\/publications\/communiques-presse\/publication-latlas-demographie-medicale-2023. Updated June 7, 2023. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0235","unstructured":"Insee. Density of General Medical Practitioners: Per 100,000 Inhabitants, \u00cele-de-France. www.insee.fr\/en\/statistiques\/serie\/010761077. Published September 25, 2025. Accessed July 8, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743_b0240","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sweden: health system review","volume":"25","author":"Janl\u00f6v","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Syst Transit"}],"container-title":["Drug Discovery Today"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359644626001480?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359644626001480?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:14:59Z","timestamp":1790093699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1359644626001480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1359644626001480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6446"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6446","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Universal care under strain: navigating population ageing in Europe","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Drug Discovery Today","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104743","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104743"}}