{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T11:27:14Z","timestamp":1769599634204,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Dependence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,5]],"date-time":"2006-04-05T14:48:41Z","timestamp":1144248521000},"page":"201-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Reductions in heroin use are not associated with increases in other drug use: 2-year findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Shane","family":"Darke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maree","family":"Teesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230096093","article-title":"Use of non-prescribed methadone and other illicit drugs during methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"19","author":"Best","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010278","article-title":"Associations of substance use, abuse, and dependence with subsequent suicidal behaviour","volume":"151","author":"Borges","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02719.x","article-title":"Development and validation of a multi-dimensional instrument for assessing outcome of treatment among opioid users: the opiate treatment index","volume":"87","author":"Darke","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00148.x","article-title":"Hair morphine concentrations of fatal heroin overdose cases and living heroin users","volume":"97","author":"Darke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01706.x","article-title":"Estimating drug consumption in opioid users: reliability and validity of a \u201crecent use\u201d episodes method","volume":"86","author":"Darke","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. J. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(97)00117-8","article-title":"Polydrug dependence and psychiatric comorbidity among heroin injectors","volume":"48","author":"Darke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00214.x","article-title":"Suicide among heroin users: rates, risk factors and methods","volume":"97","author":"Darke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2005.01.006","article-title":"Factors associated with 12 months continuous heroin abstinence: findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS)","volume":"28","author":"Darke","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490050173217","article-title":"The effect of stimulant and sedative use on treatment outcome of patients admitted to methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"9","author":"DeMaria","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(96)01290-2","article-title":"Psychopathology and HIV risk behaviours among injection drug users in and out of treatment","volume":"43","author":"Dinwiddie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999309001635","article-title":"Do methadone patients substitute other drugs for heroin? Predicting substance use at 1-year follow-up","volume":"19","author":"Fairbank","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(03)00125-9","article-title":"Recovery from opioid addiction in DATOS","volume":"25","author":"Flynn","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00330.x","article-title":"Use of morphine and 6-monoacetylmorphine in blood for the evaluation of possible risk factors for sudden death in 192 heroin users","volume":"98","author":"Fugelstad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00086-1","article-title":"Treatment retention and 1 year outcomes for residential programmes in England","volume":"57","author":"Gossop","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(00)00174-X","article-title":"Change and stability of change after treatment of drug misuse. Two-year outcomes from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study","volume":"27","author":"Gossop","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.11.4.261","article-title":"Overview of 1 year follow-up outcomes in the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS)","volume":"11","author":"Hubbard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib17","series-title":"Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse","author":"Karch","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(96)01268-9","article-title":"Concurrent validity of cocaine and sedative dependence diagnoses in opioid-dependent outpatients","volume":"42","author":"Kidorf","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis using generalize linear models","volume":"73","author":"Liang","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3109\/16066350109141766","article-title":"Overdose among heroin users: evaluation of an intervention in South Australia","volume":"9","author":"McGregor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Addict. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2000.951217858.x","article-title":"The nature of benzodiazepine dependence among heroin users in Sydney","volume":"95","author":"Ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aust. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib22","series-title":"SAS Version 8.2","author":"SAS Inc.","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.11.4.294","article-title":"Treatment retention and follow-up outcomes. I. The Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS)","volume":"4","author":"Simpson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(03)00013-9","article-title":"Changes in patterns of drug injection concurrent with a sustained reduction in the availability of heroin in Australia","volume":"70","author":"Topp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib25","series-title":"Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis for Epidemiology","author":"Twisk","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib26","series-title":"Methadone Maintenance Treatment and Other Opioid Replacement Therapies","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.96811135.x","article-title":"Heroin overdose: causes and consequences","volume":"96","author":"Warner-Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Addiction"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Dependence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376871606000743?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376871606000743?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]],"date-time":"2019-01-17T08:52:50Z","timestamp":1547715170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0376871606000743"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0376871606000743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0376-8716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0376-8716","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}