{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:47:00Z","timestamp":1791568020589,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Dependence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]],"date-time":"2011-02-10T11:34:00Z","timestamp":1297337640000},"page":"170-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Predictors of methadone treatment retention from a multi-site study: A survival analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Sharon M.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin E.","family":"O\u2019Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon Gwin","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry S.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0005","series-title":"The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment: Patients, Programs, Services, and Outcomes","author":"Ball","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(03)00188-0","article-title":"Distance traveled to outpatient drug treatment and client retention","volume":"25","author":"Beardsley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2006.07.004","article-title":"Access to treatment-related and support services in methadone treatment programs","volume":"32","author":"Berkman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2003.12.009","article-title":"Factors associated with methadone maintenance treatment retention among street-recruited injection drug users","volume":"74","author":"Booth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v24n03_03","article-title":"Methadone dosage and retention: an examination of the 60mg\/day threshold","volume":"24","author":"Brady","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Addict. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490490512780","article-title":"Factors associated with treatment outcomes in an aftercare population","volume":"13","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0035","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c5475","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c5475","article-title":"Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care: prospective observational study in UK General Practice Research Database","volume":"341","author":"Cornish","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.7.850","article-title":"Changes in methadone treatment practices: results from a national panel study, 1988\u20132000","volume":"288","author":"D\u2019Aunno","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02287327","article-title":"Retention in publicly funded methadone maintenance treatment in two Western States","volume":"32","author":"Deck","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Behav. Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(95)02024-1","article-title":"Compulsory supervision and methadone maintenance","volume":"13","author":"Desmond","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02090.x","article-title":"Exposure to opioid maintenance treatment reduces long-term mortality","volume":"103","author":"Gibson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(96)01273-2","article-title":"Patient retention in mobile and fixed-site methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"42","author":"Greenfield","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/002204269702700202","article-title":"Predictors of treatment retention in enhanced and standard methadone maintenance treatment for HIV risk reduction","volume":"27","author":"Grella","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Drug Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(03)00130-2","article-title":"Overview of 5-year followup outcomes in the drug abuse treatment outcome studies (DATOS)","volume":"25","author":"Hubbard","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.11.4.261","article-title":"Overview of 1-year follow-up outcomes in the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS)","volume":"11","author":"Hubbard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0085","series-title":"Drug Abuse Treatment: A National Study of Effectiveness","author":"Hubbard","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(02)00232-5","article-title":"Measuring patient attributes and engagement in treatment","volume":"22","author":"Joe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1037\/h0080570","article-title":"Treating process factors and satisfaction with drug abuse treatment","volume":"3","author":"Joe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1080\/09652149835008","article-title":"Effects of readiness for drug abuse treatment on client retention and assessment of process","volume":"93","author":"Joe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00088-5","article-title":"Retention and patient engagement models for different treatment modalities in DATOS","volume":"57","author":"Joe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(05)80007-0","article-title":"Treatment predictors of tenure in methadone maintenance","volume":"3","author":"Joe","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3109\/00952991003736371","article-title":"The role of patient satisfaction in methadone treatment","volume":"36","author":"Kelly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990802342915","article-title":"Gender differences among in- and out-of-treatment opioid-addicted individuals","volume":"35","author":"Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0125","series-title":"TCU Psychological Functioning and Motivation Scales: Manual of Psychometric Properties","author":"Knight","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790290084010","article-title":"Therapist success and its determinants","volume":"42","author":"Luborsky","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/002204269702700204","article-title":"Outcomes of methadone maintenance 1 year after admission","volume":"27","author":"Maddux","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Drug Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.931516.x","article-title":"Pre- and in-treatment predictors of retention in methadone treatment using survival analysis","volume":"93","author":"Magura","year":"1998","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(92)90062-S","article-title":"The Fifth Edition of the Addiction Severity Index","volume":"9","author":"McLellan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198507000-00005","article-title":"New data from the Addiction Severity Index: reliability and validity in three centers","volume":"173","author":"McLellan","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198001000-00006","article-title":"An improved diagnostic evaluation instrument for substance abuse patients: the Addiction Severity Index","volume":"168","author":"McLellan","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04571.x","article-title":"Predictors of substance abuse treatment retention among women and men in an HMO","volume":"24","author":"Mertens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0165","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion among intravenous drug users in- and out-of-treatment: an 18-month prospective follow-up","volume":"6","author":"Metzger","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490903077820","article-title":"Uses of diverted methadone and buprenorphine by opioid-addicted individuals in Baltimore, Maryland","volume":"18","author":"Mitchell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2009.10399907","article-title":"Incarceration and opioid withdrawal: the experiences of methadone patients and out-of-treatment heroin users","volume":"41","author":"Mitchell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1989.10472188","article-title":"Substance abuse treatment modalities in the age of HIV spectrum disease","volume":"21","author":"Nathan","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0185","first-page":"1936","article-title":"Effective medical treatment of opiate addiction","volume":"280","author":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/10550880802324382","article-title":"One-year and cumulative retention as predictors of success in methadone maintenance treatment: a comparison of two clinics in the United States and Israel","volume":"27","author":"Peles","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Addict. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2008.07.004","article-title":"Why don\u2019t out-of-treatment individuals enter methadone treatment programs?","volume":"21","author":"Peterson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2009.10400539","article-title":"Premature discharge from methadone treatment: patient perspectives","volume":"41","author":"Reisinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1996.918119711.x","article-title":"Pre-treatment characteristics, program philosophy and level of ancillary services as predictors of methadone maintenance treatment outcome","volume":"91","author":"Saxon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990701653826","article-title":"In-treatment vs. out-of-treatment opioid dependent adults: drug use and criminal history","volume":"34","author":"Schwartz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0215","first-page":"3231","article-title":"Predictors of retention in methadone maintenance therapy: a prospective multi-center study","volume":"5","author":"Shirinbayan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Res. Essays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.136.11.1449","article-title":"The relation of time spent in drug abuse treatment to posttreatment outcome","volume":"136","author":"Simpson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1981.01780330033003","article-title":"Treatment for drug abuse: follow-up outcomes and length of time spent","volume":"38","author":"Simpson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.06.001","article-title":"A conceptual framework for drug treatment process and outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Simpson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-3204.30.2.357","article-title":"Motivation as a predictor of early dropout from drug abuse treatment","volume":"30","author":"Simpson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.03.001","article-title":"A longitudinal evaluation of treatment engagement and recovery stages","volume":"27","author":"Simpson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.3109\/10826080009148245","article-title":"Modeling year 1 outcomes with treatment process and post-treatment social influences","volume":"35","author":"Simpson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Subst. Use Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(97)00099-9","article-title":"Drug abuse treatment retention and process effects on follow-up outcomes","volume":"47","author":"Simpson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(97)00181-5","article-title":"Drug abuse treatment process components that improve retention","volume":"14","author":"Simpson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1300\/J251v02n01_02","article-title":"Effectiveness of treatment for drug abuse: an overview of the DARP Research Program. An evaluation of drug treatment programs","volume":"2","author":"Simpson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Adv. Alcohol Subst. Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.11.1000","article-title":"Moderate- vs high-dose methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized trial","volume":"281","author":"Strain","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.020","article-title":"Predictors of retention in methadone programs: a signal detection analysis","volume":"83","author":"Villafranca","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00097-0","article-title":"One-year mortality rates following methadone treatment discharge","volume":"52","author":"Zanis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00354.x","article-title":"Does retention matter? Treatment duration and improvement in drug use","volume":"98","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Dependence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376871611000597?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376871611000597?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]],"date-time":"2018-12-04T22:26:19Z","timestamp":1543962379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0376871611000597"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0376871611000597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0376-8716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0376-8716","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}}}