{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:02:34Z","timestamp":1792800154902,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","drugandalcoholdependence.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Dependence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]],"date-time":"2016-01-15T02:00:38Z","timestamp":1452823238000},"page":"218-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A longitudinal study of cotinine in long-term daily users of e-cigarettes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Etter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11220","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph111111220","article-title":"Effectiveness of the electronic cigarette: an eight-week Flemish study with six-month follow-up on smoking reduction, craving and experienced benefits and complaints","volume":"11","author":"Adriaens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0010","series-title":"Use of Electronic Cigarettes (vapourisers) Among Adults in Great Britain","author":"Action on Smoking and Health, (ASH)","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1997.00566.x","article-title":"Sources of variability in nicotine and cotinine levels with use of nicotine nasal spray, transdermal nicotine, and cigarette smoking","volume":"43","author":"Benowitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.4236\/ojpm.2014.410089","article-title":"Attitudes toward e-cigarettes reasons for initiating e-cigarette use, and changes in smoking behavior after initiation: a pilot longitudinal study of regular cigarette smokers","volume":"4","author":"Berg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61842-5","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"382","author":"Bullen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e66317","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066317","article-title":"EffiCiency and Safety of an eLectronic cigAreTte (ECLAT) as tobacco cigarettes substitute: a prospective 12-month randomized control design study","volume":"8","author":"Caponnetto","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0035","unstructured":"Dave, 2016. What is sub Ohm vaping? Our guide to sub Ohm vapes (airflow, big flavor and clouds). Vaping360com http:\/\/vaping360.com\/what-is-sub-ohm-vaping-and-the-dangers-of-sub-ohm-vapes\/ (accessed 01.05.16)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv237","article-title":"Patterns of electronic cigarette use among adults in the United States","author":"Delnevo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-203152","article-title":"Use of electronic cigarettes among young Swiss men","volume":"67","author":"Douptcheva","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.5b00107","article-title":"Free-base and protonated nicotine in electronic cigarette liquids and aerosols","volume":"28","author":"El-Hellani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12475","article-title":"Levels of saliva cotinine in electronic cigarette users","volume":"109","author":"Etter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etter, J.F., 2015. Characteristics of users, and usage of different types of electronic cigarettes: findings from an online survey. Addiction epub.","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13240"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00066011","article-title":"Saliva cotinine levels in users of electronic cigarettes","volume":"38","author":"Etter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-005-2148-7","article-title":"Collecting saliva by mail for genetic and cotinine analyses in participants recruited through the Internet","volume":"20","author":"Etter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009426","article-title":"Collecting saliva samples by mail","volume":"147","author":"Etter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010200","article-title":"Saliva cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmokers","volume":"151","author":"Etter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098614524430","article-title":"Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Farsalinos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thera. Adv. Drug Safe."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00163-X","article-title":"Cotinine replacement levels for a 21mg\/day transdermal nicotine patch in an outpatient treatment setting","volume":"54","author":"Gariti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050222","article-title":"Determinants of plasma concentrations of nicotine and cotinine during cigarette smoking and transdermal nicotine treatment","volume":"51","author":"Gourlay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0100","unstructured":"Kershaw, O., 2015. If E-Cigarettes Are So Great, How Come All Smokers Aren't Using Them? E-cigarette Summit, London, UK, 12 November 2015 http:\/\/www.e-cigarette-summit.com\/files\/2015\/11\/1620-OliverKershaw.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0105","first-page":"811","article-title":"Role of nicotine pharmacokinetics in nicotine addiction and nicotine replacement therapy: a review","volume":"7","author":"Le Houezec","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/32.6.979","article-title":"Quantification of cotinine in plasma and saliva by liquid chromatography","volume":"32","author":"Machacek","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12730","article-title":"A critique of a World Health Organization-commissioned report and associated paper on electronic cigarettes","volume":"109","author":"McNeill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-15-0058","article-title":"Effects of switching to electronic cigarettes with and without concurrent smoking on exposure to nicotine carbon monoxide, and acrolein","volume":"8","author":"McRobbie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7638","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120707638","article-title":"Successful nicotine intake in medical assisted use of e-cigarettes: a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Pacifici","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2011-050044","article-title":"Electronic nicotine delivery systems: adult use and awareness of the \u2018e-cigarette' in the USA","volume":"22","author":"Regan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1311","article-title":"Nicotine replacement therapy use among smokers and ex-smokers: associated attitudes and beliefs: a qualitative study","volume":"14","author":"Silla","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.7196\/samj.6887","article-title":"Carboxyhaemoglobin levels, health and lifestyle perceptions in smokers converting from tobacco cigarettes to electronic cigarettes","volume":"103","author":"van Staden","year":"2013","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntr316","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes: effective nicotine delivery after acute administration","volume":"15","author":"Vansickel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.6.699","article-title":"Cotinine in the serum, saliva, and urine of nonsmokers, passive smokers, and active smokers","volume":"78","author":"Wall","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.03.038","article-title":"Administering an effective health intervention for smoking cessation online: the international users of Stop-Tabac","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prev. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.18001\/TRS.1.1.9","article-title":"A content analysis of electronic cigarette portrayal in newspapers","volume":"1","author":"Yates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tob. Regul. Sci."}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Dependence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376871616000107?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376871616000107?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T00:36:21Z","timestamp":1600043781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0376871616000107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0376871616000107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0376-8716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0376-8716","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A longitudinal study of cotinine in long-term daily users of e-cigarettes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}