{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T18:33:53Z","timestamp":1785868433211,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","drugandalcoholdependence.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Dependence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]],"date-time":"2016-09-15T21:02:26Z","timestamp":1473973346000},"page":"135-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effects of the therapeutic workplace and heavy alcohol use on homelessness among homeless alcohol-dependent adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Carlson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"August F.","family":"Holtyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fingerhood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dara","family":"Friedman-Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannie-Marie S.","family":"Leoutsakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.06.013","article-title":"A therapeutic workplace for the long-term treatment of drug addiction and unemployment: eight-year outcomes of a social business intervention","volume":"47","author":"Aklin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.9.3.317","article-title":"Voucher-based reinforcement of opiate plus cocaine abstinence in treatment-resistant methadone patients: effects of reinforcer magnitude","volume":"9","author":"Dallery","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1359-6357.2003.00586.x","article-title":"The validity of self-reports of alcohol consumption: state of the science and challenges for research","volume":"98","author":"Del Boca","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06111851","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of psychosocial interventions for substance use disorders","volume":"165","author":"Dutra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e225","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050225","article-title":"The prevalence of mental disorders among the homeless in western countries: systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"5","author":"Fazel","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.46.11.1115","article-title":"The epidemiology of alcohol, drug, and mental disorders among homeless persons","volume":"46","author":"Fischer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-009-0243-x","article-title":"Correlates of past homelessness in the national epidemiological survey on alcohol and related conditions","volume":"37","author":"Greenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Admin. Policy Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0040","first-page":"51","article-title":"Are housing first programs effective: a research note","volume":"40","author":"Groton","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Soc. Soc. Welfare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(02)00297-6","article-title":"Voucher-based incentives: a substance abuse treatment innovation","volume":"27","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(93)90061-8","article-title":"The use of the DSM-III-R checklist for initial diagnostic assessments","volume":"34","author":"Hudziak","year":"1993","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0055","series-title":"Broadening The Base Of Treatment For Alcohol Problems: Report Of A Study By A Committee Of The Institute Of Medicine, Division Of Mental Health And Behavioral Medicine","article-title":"Institute of medicine (U.S.). Committee for the study of treatment and rehabilitation services for alcoholism and alcohol abuse, & national institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism","author":"IOM","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12407","article-title":"Ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate assays in clinical trials, interpretation, and limitations: results of a dose ranging alcohol challenge study and 2 clinical trials","volume":"38","author":"Jatlow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1997.tb03375.x","article-title":"Substance abuse and homelessness: social selection or social adaptation?","volume":"92","author":"Johnson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0070","first-page":"CD003023.","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for cocaine and psychostimulant amphetamines related disorders","author":"Knapp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agr057","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of a therapeutic workplace for chronically unemployed, homeless, alcohol-dependent adults","volume":"46","author":"Koffarnus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/jaba.60","article-title":"Monetary incentives to reinforce engagement and achievement in a job\u2010skills training program for homeless, unemployed adults","volume":"46","author":"Koffarnus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Behav. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.414","article-title":"Health care and public service use and costs before and after provision of housing for chronically homeless persons with severe alcohol problems","volume":"301","author":"Larimer","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01869.x","article-title":"Continuous objective monitoring of alcohol use: twenty\u2010first century measurement using transdermal sensors","volume":"37","author":"Leffingwell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01311.x","article-title":"A meta-analysis of voucher-based reinforcement therapy for substance use disorders","volume":"101","author":"Lussier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198001000-00006","article-title":"An improved diagnostic evaluation instrument for substance abuse patients: the addiction severity index","volume":"168","author":"McLellan","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-013-9608-4","article-title":"Risk factors associated with recurrent homelessness after a first homeless episode","volume":"50","author":"McQuistion","year":"2014","journal-title":"Community Ment. Health J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)80008-3","article-title":"Initiating abstinence in cocaine abusing dually diagnosed homeless persons","volume":"60","author":"Milby","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(96)01286-0","article-title":"Sufficient conditions for effective treatment of substance abusing homeless persons","volume":"43","author":"Milby","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.039743","article-title":"To house or not to house: the effects of providing housing to homeless substance abusers in treatment","volume":"95","author":"Milby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1975.01760250107012","article-title":"A behavioral intervention program for chronic public drunkenness offenders","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0130","series-title":"Premature Mortality In Homeless Populations: A Review Of The Literature","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.5.830","article-title":"Self-reported changes in drug and alcohol use after becoming homeless","volume":"94","author":"O'Toole","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.10.011","article-title":"Transitions through homelessness and factors that predict them: three-year treatment outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Orwin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S89361","article-title":"Motivation to maintain sobriety among residents of sober living recovery homes","volume":"6","author":"Polcin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Subst. Abuse Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03393181","article-title":"Exploring the limits and utility of operant conditioning in the treatment of drug addiction","volume":"27","author":"Silverman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130051098","article-title":"Voucher-based reinforcement of cocaine abstinence in treatment-resistant methadone patients: effects of reinforcement magnitude","volume":"146","author":"Silverman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2012.03.013","article-title":"Maintenance of reinforcement to address the chronic nature of drug addiction","volume":"55","author":"Silverman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1037\/tps0000061","article-title":"The therapeutic utility of employment in treating drug addiction: science to application","volume":"2","author":"Silverman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trans. Issues Psych. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445504272600","article-title":"A web-based therapeutic workplace for the treatment of drug addiction and chronic unemployment","volume":"29","author":"Silverman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Modif."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.06.042","article-title":"Quantifying alcohol consumption: self-report, transdermal assessment, and prediction of dependence symptoms","volume":"50","author":"Simons","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0180","series-title":"Timeline Followback User\u2019s Guide: A Calendar Method For Assessing Alcohol And Drug Use","author":"Sobell","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.63.2.280","article-title":"Distinguishing homelessness from poverty: a comparative study","volume":"63","author":"Toro","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20132","article-title":"Measuring homelessness and residential stability: the residential time-line follow-back inventory","volume":"35","author":"Tsemberis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Commun. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009_bib0195","series-title":"Substance Abuse Treatment: What Works For Homeless People? A Review Of The Literature","author":"Zerger","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Dependence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376871616309061?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376871616309061?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]],"date-time":"2018-09-08T11:57:31Z","timestamp":1536407851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0376871616309061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0376871616309061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0376-8716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0376-8716","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effects of the therapeutic workplace and heavy alcohol use on homelessness among homeless alcohol-dependent adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}