{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T20:05:22Z","timestamp":1762459522827,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 DA042847","K24 DA022288","U10 DA015831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 DA042847","K24 DA022288","U10 DA015831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Dependence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,18]],"date-time":"2017-10-18T15:16:37Z","timestamp":1508339797000},"page":"219-222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Statistical considerations in the choice of endpoint for drug use disorder trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Garrett M.","family":"Fitzmaurice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart R.","family":"Lipsitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger D.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7549.1080","article-title":"The cost of dichotomising continuous variables","volume":"332","author":"Altman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brit. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.012","article-title":"Toward empirical identification of a clinically meaningful indicator of treatment outcome: features of candidate indicators and evaluation of sensitivity to treatment effects and relationship to one year follow up cocaine use outcomes","volume":"137","author":"Carroll","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/014662168300700301","article-title":"The cost of dichotomization","volume":"7","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1957.10501411","article-title":"Note on grouping","volume":"52","author":"Cox","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.6.493","article-title":"Psychosocial treatments for cocaine dependence: National Institute on Drug Abuse collaborative cocaine treatment study","volume":"56","author":"Crits-Christoph","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0030","first-page":"108","article-title":"Measuring outcome in the treatment of cocaine dependence","volume":"1","author":"Crits-Christoph","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol Drug Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03473.x","article-title":"Primary outcome indices in illicit drug dependence treatment research: systematic approach to selection and measurement of drug use endpoints in clinical trials","volume":"107","author":"Donovan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.331","article-title":"Consequences of dichotomization","volume":"8","author":"Fedorov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharm. Stat."},{"year":"2013","series-title":"FDA Psychopharmacologic Drugs Advisory Committee: Probuphine (Buprenorphine Hydrochloride Subdermal Implant) for Maintenance Treatment of Opioid Dependence","author":"Food and Drug Administration, P.D.A.C","key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0045"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.004","article-title":"Measures of outcome for stimulant trials: ACTTION recommendations and research agenda","volume":"158","author":"Kiluk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.19","article-title":"On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables","volume":"7","author":"MacCallum","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2331","article-title":"Dichotomizing continuous predictors in multiple regression. A bad idea","volume":"25","author":"Royston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370204700307","article-title":"Breaking up is hard to do: the heartbreak of dichotomizing continuous data","volume":"47","author":"Streiner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"year":"1997","series-title":"Medication development for the treatment of cocaine dependence: issues in clinical efficacy trials","author":"Tai","key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0070"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03581.x","article-title":"Beyond drug use: a systematic consideration of other outcomes in evaluations of treatments for substance use disorders","volume":"107","author":"Tiffany","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2005.12.003","article-title":"On behalf of the Consensus Committee: ECNP consensus meeting March 2003 guidelines for the investigation of efficacy in substance use disorders","volume":"16","author":"Van den Brink","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"year":"1999","series-title":"Consensus Statement on Evaluation of Outcome of Pharmacotherapy for Substance Abuse\/dependence: Report from a NIDA\/CPDD Meeting","author":"Vocci","key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0085"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780122404","article-title":"Sample size calculations for ordered categorical data","volume":"12","author":"Whitehead","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2011.00288.x","article-title":"Reanalysis of methamphetamine dependence treatment trial","volume":"18","author":"Winchell","year":"2012","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Dependence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376871617305240?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376871617305240?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T08:57:31Z","timestamp":1759827451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0376871617305240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["S0376871617305240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0376-8716"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0376-8716"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Statistical considerations in the choice of endpoint for drug use disorder trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.031","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}