{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:34:29Z","timestamp":1792157669527,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EquipEX Phenovirt (French government Investissement d\u2019avenir Grant)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","drugandalcoholdependence.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Dependence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T15:45:55Z","timestamp":1538840755000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Development and validation of a virtual agent to screen tobacco and alcohol use disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Auriacombe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Moriceau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuschia","family":"Serre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Arthur","family":"Micoulaud-Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"de Sevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilien","family":"Bonhomme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Bioulac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lina","family":"Fatseas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Philip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0005","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0010","series-title":"Int\u00e9r\u00eat de l\u2019utilisation d\u2019auto-questionnaires en salle d\u2019attente de m\u00e9decine g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers.","author":"Audran","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0015","series-title":"Actualisation du r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel de pratiques de l\u2019examen p\u00e9riodique de sant\u00e9: D\u00e9pistage du tabagisme et pr\u00e9vention des maladies li\u00e9\u00e9es au tabac","author":"Haute Autorit\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0020","first-page":"93","article-title":"Computerized administration of alcoholism screening tests in a primary care setting","volume":"3","author":"Barry","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Am. Board Fam. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0025","series-title":"Drogues et addictions, donn\u00e9es essentielles. Observatoire Fran\u00e7ais des drogues et des toxicomanies","author":"Basstianic","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2014.02.027","article-title":"La consommation d\u2019alcool en France","volume":"43","author":"Beck","year":"2014","journal-title":"La presse m\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respe.2011.03.059","article-title":"[Increasing trends in screening for addictives behaviors among general practitioners in France]","volume":"59","author":"Beck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1998.00118.x","article-title":"Screening for problem drinking: comparison of CAGE and AUDIT","volume":"13","author":"Bradley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199309000-00008","article-title":"A patient survey system to measure quality improvement: questionnaire reliability and validity","volume":"31","author":"Carey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0050","first-page":"413","article-title":"Animated conversation: rule-based generation of facial expression, gesture and spoken intonation for multiple conversational agents","volume":"94","author":"Cassell","year":"1994","journal-title":"SIGGRAPH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.017","article-title":"Comparing the validity of the cigarette dependence scale and the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence","volume":"95","author":"Etter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.94226910.x","article-title":"Validity of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and of the heaviness of smoking index among relatively light smokers","volume":"94","author":"Etter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300030","article-title":"A self-administered questionnaire to measure dependence on cigarettes: the cigarette dependence scale","volume":"28","author":"Etter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2008.12.002","article-title":"Testing the cigarette dependence scale in 4 samples of daily smokers: psychiatric clinics, smoking cessation clinics, a smoking cessation website and in the general population","volume":"34","author":"Etter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350140051025","article-title":"Detecting alcoholism. The CAGE questionnaire","volume":"252","author":"Ewing","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.19.1.4","article-title":"Computer-administered interviews and rating scales","volume":"19","author":"Garb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2015.1014615","article-title":"Adolescent substance use screening in primary care: validity of computer self-administered versus clinician-administered screening","volume":"37","author":"Harris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Subst. Abus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-015-1088-0","article-title":"The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) waves 1 and 2: review and summary of findings","volume":"50","author":"Hasin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12060782","article-title":"DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders: recommendations and rationale","volume":"170","author":"Hasin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03059.x","article-title":"Measuring the heaviness of smoking: using self-reported time to the first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day","volume":"84","author":"Heatherton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","article-title":"The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire","volume":"86","author":"Heatherton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. J. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.11295","article-title":"Digital phenotyping: technology for a new science of behavior","volume":"318","author":"Insel","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.030","article-title":"Accuracy of the audio computer assisted self interview version of the alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ACASI ASSIST) for identifying unhealthy substance use and substance use disorders in primary care patients","volume":"165","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2004.06.027","article-title":"Validity of the CAGE questionnaire in hospital","volume":"20","author":"Malet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.131.10.1121","article-title":"The CAGE questionnaire: validation of a new alcoholism screening instrument","volume":"131","author":"Mayfield","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13165","article-title":"Validation of an audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) version of the alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST) in primary care patients","volume":"111","author":"McNeely","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0135","first-page":"416","article-title":"Acceptability of embodied conversational agent in a health care context","volume":"16","author":"Micoulaud-Franchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IVA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.01.043","article-title":"Validation of the French version of the acceptability E-scale (AES) for mental E-health systems","volume":"237","author":"Micoulaud-Franchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17094","article-title":"Is it time for a new medical specialty?: The medical virtualist","volume":"319","author":"Nochomovitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1162\/PRES_a_00197","article-title":"Could a virtual human be used to explore excessive daytime sleepiness in patients?","volume":"23","author":"Philip","year":"2014","journal-title":"Presence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42656","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42656","article-title":"Virtual human as a new diagnostic tool, a proof of concept study in the field of major depressive disorders","volume":"16","author":"Philip","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S126664","article-title":"Stability of the alcohol use disorders identification test in practical service settings","volume":"8","author":"Sahker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Subst. Abuse Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","article-title":"Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II","volume":"88","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03981.x","article-title":"Five-shot questionnaire on heavy drinking","volume":"22","author":"Seppa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S22575","article-title":"Electronic health records: essential tools in integrating substance abuse treatment with primary care","volume":"3","author":"Tai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Subst. Abuse Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmr.2011.09.051","article-title":"Les tests d\u2019\u00e9valuation de la d\u00e9pendance tabagique","volume":"29","author":"Underner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Mal. Respir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0185","series-title":"Unity 3D","author":"Unity-Technologies","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0190","series-title":"Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2014","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0195","series-title":"World Health Statistics 2016: Monitoring Health for the Sustainable Development Goals","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025_bib0200","series-title":"WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2017: Monitoring Tobacco Use and Prevention Policies","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Dependence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376871618306823?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376871618306823?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T18:13:41Z","timestamp":1693937621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0376871618306823"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0376871618306823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0376-8716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0376-8716","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development and validation of a virtual agent to screen tobacco and alcohol use disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}