{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T07:06:46Z","timestamp":1782544006830,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA05460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA05460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA06839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA06839"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA08916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA08916"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA12401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA12401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Dependence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,24]],"date-time":"2018-11-24T16:13:37Z","timestamp":1543076017000},"page":"121-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prenatal cocaine exposure: Direct and indirect associations with 21-year-old offspring substance use and behavior problems"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Gale A.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natacha M.","family":"De Genna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidush","family":"Goldschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Larkby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1017\/S1121189X00002001","article-title":"Prenatal cocaine exposure: an examination of childhood externalizing and internalizing behavior problems at age 7 years","volume":"15","author":"Accornero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0010","series-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior checklist\/4-18 and 1991 Profile","author":"Achenbach","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0015","series-title":"Manual for the ASEBA Adult Forms and Profiles","author":"Achenbach","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.9.1009","article-title":"In utero alcohol exposure and prediction of alcohol disorders in early adulthood: a birth cohort study","volume":"63","author":"Alati","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469","article-title":"Emerging adulthood: a theory of development from the late teens through the twenties","volume":"55","author":"Arnett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0030","first-page":"371","article-title":"Prevalence of positive urine drug screens in a prenatal clinic: correlation with patients\u2019 self-report of drug use","volume":"77","author":"Ashling","year":"1994","journal-title":"R. I. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0035","series-title":"Health Risks and Developmental Transitions During Adolescence","first-page":"246","article-title":"Marriage, divorce, and parenthood during the transition to young adulthood: impacts on drug use and abuse","author":"Bachman","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2010.06.005","article-title":"Preadolescent behavior problems after prenatal cocaine exposure: relationship between teacher and caretaker ratings (Maternal Lifestyle Study)","volume":"33","author":"Bada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1479","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3306","article-title":"Protective factors can mitigate behavior problems after prenatal cocaine and other drug exposures","volume":"130","author":"Bada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.4.377","article-title":"A 21-year longitudinal analysis of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on young adult drinking","volume":"60","author":"Baer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1009","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3931","article-title":"Prenatal substance abuse: Short- and long-term effects on the exposed fetus","volume":"131","author":"Behnke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.38.5.648","article-title":"Children\u2019s intellectual and emotional-behavioral adjustment at 4 years as a function of cocaine exposure, maternal characteristics, and environmental risk","volume":"38","author":"Bennett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jss117","article-title":"Externalizing problems in late childhood as a function of prenatal cocaine exposure and environmental risk","volume":"38","author":"Bennett","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0070","series-title":"Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: a Retrospective Self-report","author":"Bernstein","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1917","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0945","article-title":"Systematic review of prenatal cocaine exposure and adolescent development","volume":"131","author":"Buckingham-Howes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-015-0536-x","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of retrospective self-reported maternal exposure to childhood abuse and neglect","volume":"19","author":"Cammack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.05.013","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of substance use from early adolescence to young adulthood: gender and racial\/ethnic differences","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0090","series-title":"Residuals and Influence in Regression","author":"Cook","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06122026","article-title":"Childhood psychiatric disorders and young adult crime: a prospective, population-based study","volume":"164","author":"Copeland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.85","article-title":"Childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders as predictors of young adult disorders","volume":"66","author":"Copeland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.84.3.536","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to alcohol: effect on infant growth and morphologic characteristics","volume":"84","author":"Day","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(91)90079-C","article-title":"Prenatal marijuana use and neonatal outcome","volume":"13","author":"Day","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2010.06.011","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure predict teen cocaine use","volume":"33","author":"Delaney-Black","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.4.782","article-title":"Teacher-assessed behavior of children prenatally exposed to cocaine","volume":"106","author":"Delaney-Black","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.08.018","article-title":"Investigating the long-term influence of adolescent delinquency on drug use initiation","volume":"93","author":"Doherty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2010.06.007","article-title":"Translational issues for prenatal cocaine studies and the role of environment","volume":"33","author":"Dow-Edwards","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1177\/002242780203900204","article-title":"Exposure to community violence and young adult crime: the effects of witnessing violence, traumatic victimization, and other stressful life events","volume":"39","author":"Eitle","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Res. Crime Delinq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.23.3.299","article-title":"Marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood: multiple developmental trajectories and their associated outcomes","volume":"23","author":"Ellickson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2006.11.002","article-title":"Developing a model for adult temperament","volume":"41","author":"Evans","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Res. Pers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2003.00632.x","article-title":"The utility of drug testing in epidemiological research: results from a general population survey","volume":"99","author":"Fendrich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00898.x","article-title":"Offending trajectories in a New Zealand birth cohort","volume":"38","author":"Fergusson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.011","article-title":"Conduct and attentional problems in childhood and adolescence and later substance use, abuse and dependence","volume":"88S","author":"Fergusson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/0022042616684679","article-title":"Urban young adults\u2019 adaptive functioning: Is there an association with history of prenatal exposure to cocaine and other substances?","volume":"47","author":"Forman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Drug Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2010.06.002","article-title":"Adolescent initiation of licit and illicit substance use: impact of intrauterine exposures and post-natal exposure to violence","volume":"33","author":"Frank","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.82.6.888","article-title":"Cocaine use during pregnancy: prevalence and correlates","volume":"82","author":"Frank","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579406060445","article-title":"Prenatal drug exposure effects on subsequent vulnerability to drug abuse","volume":"18","author":"Glantz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94","article-title":"Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale","volume":"26","author":"Gratz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.05.018","article-title":"Does heavy adolescent marijuana use lead to criminal involvement in adulthood? Evidence from a multiwave longitudinal study of urban African Americans","volume":"112","author":"Green","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990903353415","article-title":"Multiple risk factor model predicting cannabis use and use disorders: a longitudinal study","volume":"35","author":"Hayatbakhsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200007000-00013","article-title":"Continuity and change of psychopathology from childhood into adulthood: a 14-year follow-up study","volume":"39","author":"Hofstra","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(96)00427-3","article-title":"Alterations in the spontaneous release of dopamine and the density of the DA D2 receptor mRNA after chronic postnatal exposure to cocaine","volume":"43","author":"Howard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0210","series-title":"Beyond Adolescence: Problem Behavior and Young Adult Development","author":"Jessor","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12409-5","article-title":"Enhanced cocaine self-administration in adult rats prenatally exposed to cocaine","volume":"205","author":"Keller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosci. Letter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499","article-title":"Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"197","author":"Kessler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brit. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104540","article-title":"Personality and depression: explanatory models and review of the evidence","volume":"7","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1080\/15295192.2016.1184942","article-title":"Emotion regulation strategies and parenting practices among parents of children with clinic-referred conduct problems","volume":"16","author":"Kohlhoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parent. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1097\/01.DBP.0000437726.16588.e2","article-title":"Risk-taking behavior among adolescents with prenatal drug exposure and extrauterine environmental adversity","volume":"34","author":"Lambert","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3138\/cjccj.50.4.435","article-title":"Childhood predictors of adult criminality: a meta-analysis drawn from the prospective longitudinal literature","volume":"50","author":"Leschied","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Criminol. Crim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.2.309","article-title":"The maternal lifestyle study: Drug use by meconium toxicology and maternal self-report","volume":"107","author":"Lester","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.6.1182","article-title":"The Maternal Lifestyle Study: Effects of substance exposure during pregnancy on neurodevelopmental outcome in 1-month-old infants","volume":"110","author":"Lester","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.110.4.791","article-title":"Neonatal exposure to cocaine enhances the reward-potentiating properties of the drug in young adult animals","volume":"110","author":"Lin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0260","series-title":"Antisocial Behavior and Mental Health Problems. Explanatory Factors in Childhood and Adolescence","author":"Loeber","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.83","article-title":"A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects","volume":"7","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02292.x","article-title":"Growth in adolescent delinquency and alcohol use in relation to young adult crime, alcohol use disorders, and risky sex: A comparison of youth from low- versus middle-income backgrounds","volume":"51","author":"Mason","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(02)00200-3","article-title":"A behavioral teratogenic model of the impact of prenatal cocaine exposure on arousal regulatory systems","volume":"24","author":"Mayes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(97)00118-9","article-title":"Life changes scaling for the 1990s","volume":"43","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.028","article-title":"Association of prenatal cocaine exposure, childhood maltreatment, and responses to stress in adolescence","volume":"177","author":"Min","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.013","article-title":"Pathways to adolescent sexual risk behaviors: effects of prenatal cocaine exposure","volume":"161","author":"Min","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2014.01.004","article-title":"Externalizing behavior and substance use related problems at 15 years in prenatally cocaine exposed adolescents","volume":"37","author":"Min","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.12.032","article-title":"Self-reported adolescent behavioral adjustment: effects of prenatal cocaine exposure","volume":"55","author":"Min","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.027","article-title":"The association of prenatal cocaine exposure, externalizing behavior and adolescent substance use","volume":"176","author":"Minnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2010.03.005","article-title":"The effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on problem behavior in children 4-10 years","volume":"32","author":"Minnes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.031","article-title":"Effects of prenatal cocaine\/polydrug exposure on substance use by age 15","volume":"134","author":"Minnes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400007161","article-title":"Childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset antisocial conduct in males: natural history from age 3 to 18","volume":"8","author":"Moffitt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.180943","article-title":"Family poverty over the early life course and recurrent adolescent and young adult anxiety and depression: a longitudinal study","volume":"100","author":"Najman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2011.72.763","article-title":"Men\u2019s and women\u2019s pathways to adulthood and associated substance misuse","volume":"72","author":"Oesterle","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-012-9626-7","article-title":"Substance use progression from adolescence to early adulthood: effortful control in the context of friendship influence and early-onset use","volume":"40","author":"Piehler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2004.12.003","article-title":"Effects of prenatal cigarette and marijuana exposure on drug use among offspring","volume":"27","author":"Porath","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.12.2141","article-title":"Childhood and adolescent predictors of major depression in the transition to adulthood","volume":"160","author":"Reinherz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2015.03.002","article-title":"Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on adolescent development","volume":"49","author":"Richardson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2013.08.001","article-title":"Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on child behavior and growth at 10 years of age","volume":"40","author":"Richardson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.10.011","article-title":"Adolescent initiation of drug use: effects of prenatal cocaine exposure","volume":"52","author":"Richardson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2010.06.003","article-title":"Prenatal cocaine exposure: effects on mother- and teacher-rated behavior problems and growth in school-age children","volume":"33","author":"Richardson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2009.08.004","article-title":"Continued effects of prenatal cocaine use: preschool development","volume":"31","author":"Richardson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2007.12.006","article-title":"The effects of prenatal cocaine use on infant development","volume":"30","author":"Richardson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.2.e18","article-title":"Growth of infants prenatally exposed to cocaine\/crack: comparison of a prenatal care and a no prenatal care sample","volume":"104","author":"Richardson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0390","series-title":"Human Developmental Neurotoxicology","first-page":"287","article-title":"Assessing in utero exposure to cannabis and cocaine","author":"Richardson","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0395","series-title":"Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-IV","author":"Robins","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1981.01780290015001","article-title":"National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Its history, characteristics, and validity","volume":"38","author":"Robins","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1140-0","article-title":"Increased vulnerability to administer cocaine in mice prenatally exposed to cocaine","volume":"163","author":"Rocha","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.147","article-title":"Developmental consequences of fetal exposure to drugs: what we know and what we still must learn","volume":"40","author":"Ross","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.78.1.122","article-title":"Temperament and personality: origins and outcomes","volume":"78","author":"Rothbart","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(99)00079-3","article-title":"Contrasts between admitters and deniers of drug use","volume":"18","author":"Rutherford","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0425","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017. Reports and detailed tables from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.15288\/jsas.2002.s14.54","article-title":"A developmental perspective on alcohol use and heavy drinking during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood","volume":"14","author":"Schulenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/002204260503500203","article-title":"Trajectories of marijuana use during the transition to adulthood: the big picture based on national panel data","volume":"35","author":"Schulenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Drug Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579404040015","article-title":"The transition to adulthood as a critical juncture in the course of psychopathology and mental health","volume":"16","author":"Schulenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-012-0344-8","article-title":"Cross-cultural findings on community violence exposure and internalizing psychopathology: comparing adolescents in the United States, Russia, and Belgium","volume":"44","author":"Schwab-Stone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.11.019","article-title":"Impacts of age of onset of substance use disorders on risk of adult incarceration among disadvantaged urban youth: a propensity score matching approach","volume":"95","author":"Slade","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2014.11.003","article-title":"Prenatal marijuana exposure predicts marijuana use in young adulthood","volume":"47","author":"Sonon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0460","series-title":"Preliminary Manual for the State-Trait Personality Inventory","author":"Spielberger","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579410000544","article-title":"Substance use changes and social role transitions: proximal developmental effects on ongoing trajectories from late adolescence through early adulthood","volume":"22","author":"Staff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.02.014","article-title":"Review of risk and protective factors of substance use and problem use in emerging adulthood","volume":"37","author":"Stone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.12.002","article-title":"Augmented D-sub-1 dopamine receptor signaling and immediate-early gene induction in adult striatum after prenatal cocaine","volume":"63","author":"Tropea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/002204260503500205","article-title":"Substance use trajectories from early adolescence to emerging adulthood: a comparison of smoking, binge drinking, and marijuana use","volume":"35","author":"Tucker","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Drug Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1989.tb21005.x","article-title":"Concepts in teratology and developmental toxicology derived from animal research","volume":"562","author":"Vorhees","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199309000-00029","article-title":"Effect of cocaine in early gestation on striatal dopamine and neurotrophic activity","volume":"34","author":"Weese-Mayer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00918.x","article-title":"Drinking patterns in mid-adolescence and psychosocial outcomes in late adolescence and early adulthood","volume":"99","author":"Wells","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/074355488612007","article-title":"Reassessing the dimension of temperament individuality across the life span: the revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey (DOTS-R)","volume":"1","author":"Windle","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2006.00916.x","article-title":"Behavioral control and resiliency in the onset of alcohol and illicit drug use: a prospective study from preschool to adolescence","volume":"77","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9398-x","article-title":"Intervention to strengthen emotional self-regulation in children with emerging mental health problems: proximal impact on school behavior","volume":"38","author":"Wyman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child Psychol."}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Dependence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376871618308160?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376871618308160?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T21:18:49Z","timestamp":1662499129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0376871618308160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["S0376871618308160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033","relation":{},"ISSN":["0376-8716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0376-8716","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prenatal cocaine exposure: Direct and indirect associations with 21-year-old offspring substance use and behavior problems","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.033","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}