{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:10:33Z","timestamp":1767651033261},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","ijdp.org","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Drug Policy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]],"date-time":"2016-02-27T07:15:31Z","timestamp":1456557331000},"page":"122-128","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mixing drink and drugs: \u2018Underclass\u2019 politics, the recovery agenda and the partial convergence of English alcohol and drugs policy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Monaghan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Yeomans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"year":"2015","series-title":"Alcohol offender \u2018sobriety tag\u2019 scheme could go national","author":"Alcohol Policy UK","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0005"},{"year":"2011","series-title":"Illicit drugs: Use and control","author":"Barton","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0010"},{"year":"1998","series-title":"Work, consumerism and the new poor","author":"Bauman","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0020","series-title":"BBC News, 14 April","article-title":"Alcoholics could see benefits cut","author":"BBC News","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0025","series-title":"BBC News, 24 May","article-title":"State must \u2018go further\u2019 to help addicts \u2013 Iain Duncan Smith","author":"BBC News","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0030","series-title":"BBC News, 29 September","article-title":"Duncan Smith outlines plans for pre-paid benefits cards","author":"BBC News","year":"2014"},{"year":"2005","series-title":"Understanding drugs, alcohol and crime","author":"Bennett","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0035"},{"year":"2013","series-title":"Demons: Our changing attitudes to alcohol, tobacco and drugs","author":"Berridge","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0040"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0045","series-title":"The Observer, 20 August","article-title":"Blaming a moral decline for the riots makes good headlines but bad policy","author":"Blair","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0050","series-title":"Incivilities: Regulating offensive behaviour","first-page":"239","article-title":"Incivilities, offence and the social order in residential communities","author":"Bottoms","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.2307\/2095025","article-title":"The myth of social class and criminality revisited","volume":"46","author":"Braithwaite","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"year":"2011","series-title":"Troubled families speech","author":"Cameron","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0060"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0065","series-title":"Governing security under the rule of law","first-page":"9","article-title":"Regulating civility, governing security and policing (dis)order under the conditions of uncertainty","author":"Crawford","year":"2010"},{"year":"2016","series-title":"UK Chief Medical Officers\u2019 Alcohol Guidelines Review","author":"Department of Health","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0070"},{"year":"2013","series-title":"Universal credit: Local services support framework","author":"Department of Work and Pensions (DWP)","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0075"},{"year":"2015","series-title":"Press release: Benefits sanctions down as more people helped into work","author":"Department of Work Pensions (DWP)","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0080"},{"year":"2009","series-title":"Annual report of the Chief Medical Officer 2008 \u2013 On the state of public health","author":"Donaldson","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0085"},{"year":"2009","series-title":"Guidance on the consumption of alcohol by children and young people","author":"Donaldson","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0090"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0095","first-page":"409","article-title":"Out of crime and into treatment? The criminalization of contemporary drug policy since \u2018Tackling drugs together\u2019","volume":"13","author":"Duke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/0022042612466614","article-title":"From crime to recovery: The reframing of British drugs policy?","volume":"43","author":"Duke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0105","series-title":"Charles Murray and the underclass: The developing debate","first-page":"57","article-title":"Britain's underclass: Countering the growth","author":"Field","year":"1996"},{"year":"2003","series-title":"Neighbours from hell: The politics of behaviour","author":"Field","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0110"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/police\/par059","article-title":"Policing the drugs intervention programme: An exploratory study of the southern UK policing region","volume":"6","author":"Hancock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Policing"},{"year":"2014","series-title":"Social policies and social control: The not so big society","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0120"},{"year":"2013","series-title":"Statistics on alcohol: England, 2013","author":"Health and Social Care Information Centre","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0125"},{"year":"2012","series-title":"News story: Ambitious new Alcohol strategy launched","author":"Home Office","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0130"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/1748895806068576","article-title":"Sobering up: Arrest referrals and brief intervention for alcohol users in the custody suite","volume":"6","author":"Hopkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Criminology and Criminal Justice"},{"year":"2012","series-title":"Appendix 1: Recommendation from the 2002 Home Affairs Committee on drug policy","author":"House of Common Library","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0140"},{"year":"2007","series-title":"The evaluation of the restriction on bail pilot","author":"Hucklesby","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0145"},{"year":"2011","series-title":"Media and crime","author":"Jewkes","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0150"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1978.39.143","article-title":"The discovery of addiction: Changing conceptions of habitual drunkenness in America","volume":"39","author":"Levine","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/13698571003789690","article-title":"Advocating alcohol abstinence to pregnant women: Some observations about British policy","volume":"12","author":"Lowe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health, Risk and Society"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.01.014","article-title":"Clear rhetoric and blurred reality: The development of a recovery focus in UK drug treatment policy and practice","volume":"25","author":"McKeganey","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"year":"2009","series-title":"Adult psychiatric morbidity in England, 2007: Results of a household survey","author":"McManus","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0170"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1177\/1748895814561471","article-title":"Calling time on \u2018alcohol-related\u2019 crime? Examining the impact of court-mandated alcohol treatment on offending using propensity score matching","volume":"15","author":"McSweeney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Criminology and Criminal Justice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3351\/ppp.0006.0001.0004","article-title":"The recent evolution of UK drug strategies: From maintenance to behaviour change?","volume":"6","author":"Monaghan","year":"2012","journal-title":"People, Place and Policy Online"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.08.006","article-title":"Work and the journey to recovery: Exploring the implications of welfare reform for methadone maintenance clients","volume":"24","author":"Monaghan","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Drugs Policy"},{"year":"1984","series-title":"Losing ground","author":"Murray","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0195"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0200","series-title":"Charles Murray and the underclass: The developing debate","first-page":"23","article-title":"The emerging British underclass","author":"Murray","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0205","series-title":"Charles Murray and the underclass: The developing debate","first-page":"99","article-title":"Underclass: The crisis deepens","author":"Murray","year":"1996"},{"year":"2012","series-title":"Work programme evaluation: Findings from the first phase of qualitative research on programme delivery","author":"Newton","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0210"},{"issue":"9566","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60464-4","article-title":"Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse","volume":"369","author":"Nutt","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"9752","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61462-6","article-title":"Drug harms in the UK: A multi criteria decision analysis","volume":"376","author":"Nutt","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3351\/ppp.0006.0001.0002","article-title":"Work as the primary \u2018duty\u2019 of the responsible citizen: A critique of this work centred approach","volume":"6","author":"Patrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"People, Place and Policy Online"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2397.2009.00660.x","article-title":"The welfare politics of Charles Murray are alive and well in the UK","volume":"19","author":"Prideaux","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Welfare"},{"year":"2013","series-title":"Prison: The facts","author":"Prison Reform Trust","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0240"},{"year":"2007","series-title":"An analysis of UK drug policy: A monograph prepared for the UK drug policy commission","author":"Reuter","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0245"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2011.04.004","article-title":"Questioning the method and utility of ranking drug harms in drug policy","volume":"22","author":"Rolles","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"year":"2012","series-title":"Alcohol guidelines","author":"Science and Technology Committee","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0255"},{"year":"2010","series-title":"The political power of bad ideas: Networks, institutions and the global prohibition wave","author":"Schrad","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0260"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azi079","article-title":"Drugs, crime and social exclusion: Social context and social theory in British drugs-crime research","volume":"46","author":"Seddon","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Criminology"},{"year":"2010","series-title":"A history of drugs: Drugs and freedom in the liberal age","author":"Seddon","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0270"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azn056","article-title":"Risk, security and the \u2018criminalization\u2019 of British drug policy","volume":"48","author":"Seddon","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Criminology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12406","article-title":"The drug policy ratchet: Why do sanctions for new psychoactive drugs typically only go up?","volume":"109","author":"Stevens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2083937","article-title":"White collar criminality","volume":"5","author":"Sutherland","year":"1940","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0290","series-title":"The Guardian, 31 July","article-title":"\u2018Sobriety tags\u2019 to be worn by offenders of alcohol-linked crime in pilot scheme","author":"The Guardian","year":"2014"},{"year":"1999","series-title":"Dealing with drink","author":"Thom","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0295"},{"year":"2008","series-title":"Drugs: Protecting families and communities. The 2008\u20132018 drug strategy","author":"UK Government","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0300"},{"year":"2010","series-title":"Drug strategy 2010","author":"UK Government","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0305"},{"year":"2012","series-title":"The Government's alcohol strategy","author":"UK Government","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0310"},{"year":"2013","series-title":"Drug strategy annual review","author":"UK Government","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0315"},{"year":"2015","series-title":"Petition: Make the production, sale and use of cannabis legal","author":"UK Government","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0320"},{"year":"1998","series-title":"Diseases of the will: Alcohol and the dilemmas of freedom","author":"Valverde","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0325"},{"year":"2009","series-title":"Punishing the poor: The neoliberal government of social insecurity","author":"Wacquant","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0330"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0335","article-title":"The moral economy of Heroin in \u2018Austerity Britain\u2019","author":"Wakeman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Critical Criminology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0340","first-page":"294","article-title":"Five years of recovery: December 2005 to December 2010 \u2013 From challenge to orthodoxy","volume":"19","author":"Wardle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/09627251.2011.576025","article-title":"Carrots and sticks: Problem drug users and welfare reform","volume":"84","author":"Wincup","year":"2011","journal-title":"Criminal Justice Matters"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.02.011","article-title":"Thoroughfares, crossroads and cul-de-sacs: Drug testing of welfare recipients","volume":"25","author":"Wincup","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0355","series-title":"The Guardian, 29 July","article-title":"Obese people and drug users who refuse treatment could have benefits cut","author":"Wintour","year":"2015"},{"year":"2014","series-title":"Alcohol and moral regulation: Public attitudes, spirited measures and victorian hangovers","author":"Yeomans","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005_bib0360"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Drug Policy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0955395916300135?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0955395916300135?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T16:58:22Z","timestamp":1536944302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0955395916300135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S0955395916300135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0955-3959"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0955-3959"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mixing drink and drugs: \u2018Underclass\u2019 politics, the recovery agenda and the partial convergence of English alcohol and drugs policy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Drug Policy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}