{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T03:09:33Z","timestamp":1774408173647,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","ijdp.org","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Drug Policy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,24]],"date-time":"2016-10-24T20:46:12Z","timestamp":1477341972000},"page":"109-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Rethinking retention in treatment of opioid dependence\u2014The eye of the beholder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3088-0331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Vogel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M.","family":"D\u00fcrsteler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Herdener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Nordt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0005","series-title":"Time limiting opioid substitution therapy","author":"Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD)","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0010","first-page":"a601","article-title":"Evidence and recovery; improving outcomes in opiate substitution treatment","volume":"6","author":"Bell","year":"2013","journal-title":"British Journal of Medical Practitioners"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0015","first-page":"w13933","article-title":"Opioid maintenance therapy in Switzerland: An overview of the Swiss IMPROVE study","volume":"144","author":"Besson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Swiss Medical Weekly"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2010.03.019","article-title":"Systematic review of prospective studies investigating remission from amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine or opioid dependence","volume":"35","author":"Calabria","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"October (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0025","article-title":"Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care: Prospective observational study in UK General Practice Research Database","volume":"341","author":"Cornish","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13087","article-title":"Risk of mortality on and off methadone substitution treatment in primary care: A national cohort study","volume":"111","author":"Cousins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0035","first-page":"767","article-title":"Which medications are suitable for agonist drug maintenance?","author":"Darke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03140.x","article-title":"Mortality among regular or dependent users of heroin and other opioids: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"106","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction (Abingdon, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S50807","article-title":"Clinical potential of methylphenidate in the treatment of cocaine addiction: A review of the current evidence","volume":"6","author":"D\u00fcrsteler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0050","series-title":"Substitution treatment\u2014Infractions and sanctions","author":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0055","series-title":"The global state of harm reduction 2014","author":"Harm Reduction International","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03694.x","article-title":"Opioid maintenance in European prisons: Is the treatment gap closing?","volume":"107","author":"Hedrich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction (Abingdon, England)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdr055","article-title":"Promoting recovery and preventing drug-related mortality: Competing risks?","volume":"33","author":"Hickman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0070","series-title":"Putting full recovery first: The recovery roadmap","author":"Home Office","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000052","article-title":"Long-term course of opioid addiction","volume":"23","author":"Hser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Harvard Review of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9739","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60830-6","article-title":"People who use drugs HIV, and human rights","volume":"376","author":"J\u00fcrgens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0085","first-page":"1","article-title":"The HIV care cascade in Switzerland","volume":"29","author":"Kohler","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.021","article-title":"Opioid substitution therapy: Lowering the treatment thresholds","volume":"161","author":"Kourounis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"5335","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5335.45","article-title":"Addiction is a brain disease, and it matters","volume":"278","author":"Leshner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17641","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3406-13.2013","article-title":"Drug-evoked synaptic plasticity causing addictive behavior","volume":"33","author":"L\u00fcscher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9719","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60232-2","article-title":"HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for people who inject drugs: A systematic review of global, regional, and national coverage","volume":"375","author":"Mathers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.13.1689","article-title":"Drug dependence, a chronic medical illness","volume":"284","author":"McLellan","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.02990.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis of drug-related deaths soon after release from prison","volume":"105","author":"Merrall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2015.1014948","article-title":"Changes in quality of life following buprenorphine treatment: Relationship with treatment retention and illicit opioid use","volume":"47","author":"Mitchell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0125","series-title":"From access to recovery: Analysing six years of drug treatment data","author":"National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.030","article-title":"Does recovery-oriented treatment prompt heroin users prematurely into detoxification and abstinence programmes? Qualitative study","volume":"127","author":"Neale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"9525","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68804-1","article-title":"Incidence of heroin use in Zurich, Switzerland: A treatment case register analysis","volume":"367","author":"Nordt","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.05.002","article-title":"A comprehensive model of treatment participation in chronic disease allowed prediction of opioid substitution treatment participation in Zurich, 1992\u20132012","volume":"68","author":"Nordt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp186","article-title":"Proportional hazards frailty models for recurrent methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"170","author":"Nosyk","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0150","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sustained-release dexamfetamine in the treatment of chronic cocaine-dependent patients on heroin-assisted treatment: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"6736","author":"Nuijten","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2014.957769","article-title":"Psychological predictors of retention in a low-threshold methadone maintenance treatment for opioid addicts: A 1-year follow-up study","volume":"50","author":"Perreault","year":"2015","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2008.07.004","article-title":"Why don\u2019t out-of-treatment individuals enter methadone treatment programmes?","volume":"21","author":"Peterson","year":"2010","journal-title":"The International Journal on Drug Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(97)00099-9","article-title":"Drug abuse treatment retention and process effects on follow-up outcomes","volume":"47","author":"Simpson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.3.208","article-title":"Duration of major depressive episodes in the general population: Results from The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS)","volume":"181","author":"Spijker","year":"2002","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1159\/000320576","article-title":"Barriers to opioid substitution treatment access, entry and retention: A survey of opioid users, patients in treatment, and treating and non-treating physicians","volume":"17","author":"St\u00f6ver","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Addiction Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.149195","article-title":"Heroin on trial: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials of diamorphine-prescribing as treatment for refractory heroin addiction","volume":"207","author":"Strang","year":"2015","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0185","series-title":"Clinical recommendations for substitution-assisted treatment in opioid dependence 2012","author":"Swiss Society of Addiction Medicine (SSAM)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0190","series-title":"By their fruits\u2026 Applying payment by results to drugs recovery","author":"UK Drug Policy Commission (UKDPC)","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.039","article-title":"Evaluation of medication-assisted treatment of opioid dependence\u2014The physicians\u2019 perspective","volume":"164","author":"Vogel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2003.01211.x","article-title":"Treatment of benzodiazepine dependence in methadone maintenance treatment patients: A comparison of two therapeutic modalities and the role of psychiatric comorbidity","volume":"37","author":"Weizman","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0205","series-title":"Guidelines for the psychosocially assisted pharmacological treatment of opioid dependence","author":"WHO","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003_bib0210","series-title":"Adherence to long-term therapies\u2014Evidence for action","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Drug Policy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0955395916302985?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0955395916302985?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T04:50:06Z","timestamp":1536295806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0955395916302985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0955395916302985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0955-3959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0955-3959","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rethinking retention in treatment of opioid dependence\u2014The eye of the beholder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Drug Policy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}