{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:47:18Z","timestamp":1791308838985,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Resistance Updates"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]],"date-time":"2014-01-27T17:45:21Z","timestamp":1390844721000},"page":"81-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Breakpoints for antifungal agents: An update from EUCAST focussing on echinocandins against Candida spp. and triazoles against Aspergillus spp."],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maiken C.","family":"Arendrup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Cuenca-Estrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Lass-Fl\u00f6rl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William W.","family":"Hope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990903485056","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of posaconazole in neutropenic patients receiving chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome","volume":"26","author":"AbuTarif","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq450","article-title":"Low prevalence of resistance to azoles in Aspergillus fumigatus in a French cohort of patients treated for haematological malignancies","volume":"66","author":"Alanio","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.4.1179-1186.2003","article-title":"In vivo pharmacodynamics of antifungal drugs in treatment of candidiasis","volume":"47","author":"Andes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0020","first-page":"991","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the development of antifungal compounds","volume":"4","author":"Andes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01430-10","article-title":"Use of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses to optimize therapy with the systemic antifungal micafungin for invasive candidiasis or candidemia","volume":"55","author":"Andes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01584-09","article-title":"In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species","volume":"54","author":"Andes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01061-07","article-title":"In vivo pharmacodynamic characterization of anidulafungin in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model","volume":"52","author":"Andes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00478-08","article-title":"In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model","volume":"52","author":"Andes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis021","article-title":"Impact of treatment strategy on outcomes in patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis: a patient-level quantitative review of randomized trials","volume":"54","author":"Andes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-002-2131-0","article-title":"In vivo pathogenicity of eight medically relevant Candida species in an animal model","volume":"30","author":"Arendrup","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0055","first-page":"445","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis","volume":"16","author":"Arendrup","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0060","first-page":"B4698","article-title":"Candida and candidaemia: susceptibility and epidemiology","volume":"60","author":"Arendrup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dan. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01411-08","article-title":"Association of fluconazole pharmacodynamics with mortality in patients with candidemia","volume":"53","author":"Arendrup","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03880.x","article-title":"EUCAST technical note on the EUCAST definitive document EDef 7.2: method for the determination of broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentrations of antifungal agents for yeasts EDef 7.2 (EUCAST-AFST)","volume":"18","author":"Arendrup","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03890.x","article-title":"The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing subcommittee on antifungal susceptibility testing (EUCAST-AFST) EUCAST technical note on Aspergillus and amphotericin-B, itraconazole, and posaconazole","volume":"17","author":"Arendrup","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E343","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12212","article-title":"Epidemiological changes with potential implication for antifungal prescription recommendations for fungaemia: data from a nationwide fungaemia surveillance programme","volume":"19","author":"Arendrup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01292-08","article-title":"Breakthrough Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans double infection during caspofungin treatment: laboratory characteristics and implication for susceptibility testing","volume":"53","author":"Arendrup","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01256-09","article-title":"Echinocandin susceptibility testing of Candida species: comparison of EUCAST EDef 7.1, CLSI M27-A3, Etest, disk diffusion, and agar dilution methods with RPMI and isosensitest media","volume":"54","author":"Arendrup","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01624-08","article-title":"Breakpoints for susceptibility testing should not divide wild-type distributions of important target species","volume":"53","author":"Arendrup","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10080","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010080","article-title":"Development of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus during azole therapy associated with change in virulence","volume":"5","author":"Arendrup","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06369-11","article-title":"Differential in vivo activity of anidulafungin caspofungin and micafungin against C. glabrata with and without FKS resistance mutations","volume":"56","author":"Arendrup","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3965","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00355-12","article-title":"Caspofungin Etest susceptibility testing of Candida species: risk of misclassification of susceptible isolates of C. glabrata and C. krusei when adopting the revised CLSI caspofungin breakpoints","volume":"56","author":"Arendrup","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01364-10","article-title":"Echinocandin susceptibility testing of Candida spp. using the EUCAST EDef 7.1 and CLSI M27-A3 standard procedures: analysis of the influence of bovine serum albumin supplementation, storage time and drug lots","volume":"55","author":"Arendrup","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3300","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00179-11","article-title":"Diagnostic issues, clinical characteristics, and outcomes for patients with fungemia","volume":"49","author":"Arendrup","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0125","article-title":"The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing-subcommittee on antifungal susceptibility testing (EUCAST-AFST). EUCAST technical note on Candida and Micafungin, Anidulafungin and Fluconazole","author":"Arendrup","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06815.x","article-title":"Azole resistance in Aspergillus: global status in Europe and Asia","volume":"1272","author":"Arikan-Akdagli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01382-12","article-title":"Evaluation of caspofungin susceptibility testing by the new vitek 2 AST-YS06 yeast card using a unique collection of fks wild-type and hot spot mutant isolates including the five most common Candida species","volume":"57","author":"Astvad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00201-11","article-title":"Echinocandin susceptibility testing of Candida isolates collected during a 1-year period in Sweden","volume":"49","author":"Axner-Elings","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1989.tb02299.x","article-title":"Antifungal prophylaxis with itraconazole in prolonged neutropenia: correlation with plasma levels","volume":"32","author":"Boogaerts","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq279","article-title":"Azole antifungal resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: 2008 and 2009","volume":"65","author":"Bueid","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1086\/323020","article-title":"Intravenous itraconazole followed by oral itraconazole in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies, chronic granulomatous disease, or AIDS","volume":"33","author":"Caillot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5732","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00637-11","article-title":"Concentration of antifungal agents within host cell membranes: a new paradigm governing the efficacy of prophylaxis","volume":"55","author":"Campoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit358","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of posaconazole within epithelial cells and fungi: insights into potential mechanisms of action during treatment and prophylaxis","volume":"208","author":"Campoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50034","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050034","article-title":"Discovery of a hapE mutation that causes azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus through whole genome sequencing and sexual crossing","volume":"7","author":"Camps","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05088-11","article-title":"Rapid induction of multiple resistance mechanisms in Aspergillus fumigatus during azole therapy: a case study and review of the literature","volume":"56","author":"Camps","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr443","article-title":"Isolation of multiple-triazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus strains carrying the TR\/L98H mutations in the cyp51A gene in India","volume":"67","author":"Chowdhary","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0185","series-title":"Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard \u2013 Third edition. CLSI Document M27-A3","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0190","series-title":"Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi; Approved Standard \u2013 Second Edition. NCCLS Document M38-A2","author":"Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12039","article-title":"ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients","volume":"18","author":"Cornely","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061094","article-title":"Posaconazole vs fluconazole or itraconazole prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia","volume":"356","author":"Cornely","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02316-09","volume":"48","author":"Cuenca-Estrella","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01166.x","article-title":"Correlation between the procedure for antifungal susceptibility testing for Candida spp. of the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and four commercial techniques","volume":"11","author":"Cuenca-Estrella","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12038","article-title":"ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: diagnostic procedures","volume":"18","author":"Cuenca-Estrella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1801.110556","article-title":"Candida spp. with acquired echinocandin resistance France, 2004\u20132010","volume":"18","author":"Dannaoui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161001-00003","article-title":"Pharmacology of itraconazole","volume":"61","author":"De Beule","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90023-X","article-title":"NIAID mycoses study group multicenter trial of oral itraconazole therapy for invasive aspergillosis","volume":"97","author":"Denning","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.11.118","article-title":"Azole resistance in Aspergillus: a growing public health menace","volume":"6","author":"Denning","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S265","DOI":"10.1086\/376526","article-title":"Chronic cavitary and fibrosing pulmonary and pleural aspergillosis: case series, proposed nomenclature change, and review","volume":"37","author":"Denning","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(89)90475-0","article-title":"Treatment of invasive aspergillosis with itraconazole","volume":"86","author":"Denning","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.6.1364","article-title":"Itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"41","author":"Denning","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.3.1120-1124.2003","article-title":"A point mutation in the 14alpha-sterol demethylase gene cyp51A contributes to itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"47","author":"Diaz-Guerra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1288-9","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of posaconazole in hematology adults under posaconazole prophylaxis: influence of food intake","volume":"31","author":"Eiden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5836","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01519-13","article-title":"Interlaboratory variability of caspofungin MICs for Candida spp. using CLSI and EUCAST methods: should the clinical laboratory be testing this agent?","volume":"57","author":"Espinel-Ingroff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01324-09","article-title":"Comparison of anidulafungin MICs determined by the clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution method (M27-A3 document) and Etest for Candida species isolates","volume":"54","author":"Espinel-Ingroff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02037-12","article-title":"Rapid emergence of echinocandin resistance during Candida kefyr fungemia treatment with caspofungin","volume":"57","author":"Fekkar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2007.10.014","article-title":"Increasing incidence of Candida parapsilosis candidemia with caspofungin usage","volume":"56","author":"Forrest","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt075","article-title":"The cdr1B efflux transporter is associated with non-cyp51a-mediated itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"68","author":"Fraczek","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00998-09","article-title":"Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species","volume":"54","author":"Garcia-Effron","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00262-08","article-title":"A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility","volume":"52","author":"Garcia-Effron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3690","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00443-09","article-title":"Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-{beta}-d-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint","volume":"53","author":"Garcia-Effron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01162-08","article-title":"Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints","volume":"53","author":"Garcia-Effron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1086\/504810","article-title":"Time to initiation of fluconazole therapy impacts mortality in patients with candidemia: a multi-institutional study","volume":"43","author":"Garey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06795.x","article-title":"The impact of azole resistance on aspergillosis guidelines","volume":"1272","author":"Georgiadou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0507.1999.00505.x","article-title":"Breakthrough invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients after prophylaxis with itraconazole","volume":"42","author":"Glasmacher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32835f1ad1","article-title":"Frequency, diagnosis and management of fungal respiratory infections","volume":"19","author":"Hayes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020191","article-title":"Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis","volume":"347","author":"Herbrecht","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00702-11","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of voriconazole in adults","volume":"56","author":"Hope","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12040","article-title":"ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: prevention and management of invasive infections in neonates and children caused by Candida spp.","volume":"18","author":"Hope","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1507.090043","article-title":"Frequency and evolution of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus associated with treatment failure","volume":"15","author":"Howard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e31823cdeac","article-title":"Posaconazole: the case for therapeutic drug monitoring","volume":"34","author":"Howard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther. Drug Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5426","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01111-13","article-title":"Determination of isavuconazole susceptibility of Aspergillus and Candida species by the EUCAST method","volume":"57","author":"Howard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir023","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of posaconazole for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: clinical implications for antifungal therapy","volume":"203","author":"Howard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4880","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00621-11","article-title":"Pharmacodynamics of echinocandins against Candida glabrata: requirement for dosage escalation to achieve maximal antifungal activity in neutropenic hosts","volume":"55","author":"Howard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2010.508469","article-title":"Acquired antifungal drug resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: epidemiology and detection","volume":"49","author":"Howard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.64","article-title":"Exposure\u2013response of posaconazole used for prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections: evaluating the need to adjust doses based on drug concentrations in plasma","volume":"88","author":"Jang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis372","article-title":"Pharmacodynamics of voriconazole in a dynamic in vitro model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: implications for in vitro susceptibility breakpoints","volume":"206","author":"Jeans","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02071-10","article-title":"Candida palmioleophila: characterization of a previously overlooked pathogen and its unique susceptibility profile in comparison with five related species","volume":"49","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01193-12","article-title":"Stepwise development of a homozygous S80P substitution in fks1p conferring echinocandin resistance in Candida tropicalis","volume":"57","author":"Jensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg312","article-title":"European harmonization of MIC breakpoints for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria","volume":"52","author":"Kahlmeter","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4196","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00222-12","article-title":"Single-dose phase I study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of posaconazole in new tablet and capsule formulations relative to oral suspension","volume":"56","author":"Krishna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01034-08","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and absorption of posaconazole oral suspension under various gastric conditions in healthy volunteers","volume":"53","author":"Krishna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01544-10","article-title":"Failure of posaconazole therapy in a renal transplant patient with invasive aspergillosis due to Aspergillus fumigatus with attenuated susceptibility to posaconazole","volume":"55","author":"Kuipers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60605-9","article-title":"Micafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for candidaemia and invasive candidosis: a phase III randomised double-blind trial","volume":"369","author":"Kuse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03644.x","article-title":"The European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing \u0393\u00c7\u00f4 subcommittee on antifungal susceptibility testing (EUCAST-AFST) EUCAST Technical note on Amphotericin B","volume":"17","author":"Lass-Fl\u00f6rl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2013.794785","article-title":"Itraconazole: an update on pharmacology and clinical use for treatment of invasive and allergic fungal infections","volume":"9","author":"Lestner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4465","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00185-11","article-title":"Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from the ARTEMIS global surveillance study is primarily due to the TR\/L98H mutation in the cyp51A gene","volume":"55","author":"Lockhart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01128-10","article-title":"Recent exposure to caspofungin or fluconazole influences the epidemiology of candidemia: a prospective multicenter study involving 2441 patients","volume":"55","author":"Lortholary","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12042","article-title":"ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: patients with HIV infection or AIDS","volume":"18","author":"Lortholary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00931-09","article-title":"Efficacy of posaconazole against three clinical Aspergillus fumigatus isolates with mutations in the cyp51A gene","volume":"54","author":"Mavridou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01092-06","article-title":"A new Aspergillus fumigatus resistance mechanism conferring in vitro cross-resistance to azole antifungals involves a combination of cyp51A alterations","volume":"51","author":"Mellado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4545","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00692-10","article-title":"Environmental study of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus and other Aspergilli in Austria, Denmark, and Spain","volume":"54","author":"Mortensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1086\/596757","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"48","author":"Pappas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1086\/520980","article-title":"Micafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis","volume":"45","author":"Pappas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1086\/524669","article-title":"Voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with invasive mycoses improves efficacy and safety outcomes","volume":"46","author":"Pascual","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt329","article-title":"Mixed treatment comparison of prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients receiving therapy for haematological malignancies: a systematic review","volume":"69","author":"Pechlivanoglou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01530-08","article-title":"In vitro activity of Isavuconazole against Aspergillus species and zygomycetes according to the methodology of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","volume":"53","author":"Perkhofer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2007.04.002","article-title":"Resistance to echinocandin-class antifungal drugs","volume":"10","author":"Perlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02445-09","article-title":"Comparison of European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and Etest methods with the CLSI broth microdilution method for echinocandin susceptibility testing of Candida species","volume":"48","author":"Pfaller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06112-11","article-title":"Frequency of decreased susceptibility and resistance to echinocandins among fluconazole-resistant bloodstream isolates of Candida glabrata","volume":"50","author":"Pfaller","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.05.008","article-title":"Comparison of the sensititre YeastOne colorimetric antifungal panel with CLSI microdilution for antifungal susceptibility testing of the echinocandins against Candida spp., using new clinical breakpoints and epidemiological cutoff values","volume":"73","author":"Pfaller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2011.01.004","article-title":"Clinical breakpoints for the echinocandins and Candida revisited: integration of molecular, clinical, and microbiological data to arrive at species\u2013specific interpretive criteria","volume":"14","author":"Pfaller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00863-13","article-title":"In vitro activities of isavuconazole and comparator antifungal agents tested against a global collection of opportunistic yeasts and molds","volume":"51","author":"Pfaller","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02390-09","article-title":"Breakthrough invasive candidiasis in patients on micafungin","volume":"48","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0520","first-page":"163","article-title":"Marked intra- and inter-patient variability of itraconazole steady state plasma concentrations","volume":"51","author":"Poirier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199835060-00004","article-title":"Optimisation of itraconazole therapy using target drug concentrations","volume":"35","author":"Poirier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199710000-00007","article-title":"Plasma itraconazole concentrations in patients with neutropenia: advantages of a divided daily dosage regimen","volume":"19","author":"Poirier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ther. Drug Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066906","article-title":"Anidulafungin versus fluconazole for invasive candidiasis","volume":"356","author":"Reboli","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00296-07","article-title":"Correlation of the MIC and dose\/MIC ratio of fluconazole to the therapeutic response of patients with mucosal candidiasis and candidemia","volume":"51","author":"Rodriguez-Tudela","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02086.x","article-title":"EUCAST Technical note on the method for the determination of broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentrations of antifungal agents for conidia-forming moulds","volume":"14","author":"Rodriguez-Tudela","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1358\/dnp.2010.23.2.1400855","article-title":"EUCAST breakpoints for antifungals","volume":"23","author":"Rodriguez-Tudela","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug News Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4862","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00027-12","article-title":"The presence of an FKS mutation rather than MIC is an independent risk factor for failure of echinocandin therapy among patients with invasive candidiasis due to Candida glabrata","volume":"56","author":"Shields","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6361","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01451-13","article-title":"Anidulafungin and micafungin minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoints are superior to caspofungin for identifying FKS mutant Candida glabrata and echinocandin resistance","volume":"57","author":"Shields","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00136-13","article-title":"Caspofungin MICs correlate with treatment outcomes among patients with Candida glabrata invasive candidiasis and prior echinocandin exposure","volume":"57","author":"Shields","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24507","article-title":"Candidemia in patients with hematologic malignancies in the era of new antifungal agents (2001\u20132007): stable incidence but changing epidemiology of a still frequently lethal infection","volume":"115","author":"Sipsas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01686-10","article-title":"Disseminated Candidiasis caused by Candida albicans with amino acid substitutions in Fks1 at position Ser645 cannot be successfully treated with micafungin","volume":"55","author":"Slater","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.11.4","article-title":"Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: a new challenge in the management of invasive aspergillosis?","volume":"6","author":"Snelders","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e219","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050219","article-title":"Emergence of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus and spread of a single resistance mechanism","volume":"5","author":"Snelders","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4053","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00231-09","article-title":"Possible environmental origin of resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus to medical triazoles","volume":"75","author":"Snelders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2011.08.002","article-title":"The structure\u2013function relationship of the Aspergillus fumigatus cyp51A L98H conversion by site-directed mutagenesis: the mechanism of L98H azole resistance","volume":"48","author":"Snelders","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-012-0097-7","article-title":"Azole-resistant invasive Aspergillosis: relationship to agriculture","volume":"6","author":"Stensvold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Fungal Infect. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0605","first-page":"985","article-title":"Subcommittee on antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) of the ESCMID European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), EUCAST technical note on voriconazole","volume":"14","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4782","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01083-10","article-title":"Observational study of the clinical efficacy of voriconazole and its relationship to plasma concentrations in patients","volume":"55","author":"Troke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01377.x","article-title":"Statistical characterisation of bacterial wild-type MIC value distributions and the determination of epidemiological cut-off values","volume":"12","author":"Turnidge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12041","article-title":"ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: adults with haematological malignancies and after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT)","volume":"18","author":"Ullmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit320","article-title":"Aspergillosis due to voriconazole highly resistant Aspergillus fumigatus and recovery of genetically related resistant isolates from domiciles","volume":"57","author":"van der Linden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1086\/597465","article-title":"Azole-resistant central nervous system aspergillosis","volume":"48","author":"van der Linden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0635","first-page":"322","article-title":"Azole resistance in Aspergillus: an emerging problem?","volume":"67","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Clin. Belg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2009.09.002","article-title":"Azole-resistance in Aspergillus: proposed nomenclature and breakpoints","volume":"12","author":"Verweij","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70265-8","article-title":"Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: a side-effect of environmental fungicide use?","volume":"9","author":"Verweij","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1086\/525258","article-title":"Treatment of aspergillosis: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"46","author":"Walsh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1086\/508774","article-title":"Treatment of invasive aspergillosis with posaconazole in patients who are refractory to or intolerant of conventional therapy: an externally controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Walsh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.2001.00338.x","article-title":"Itraconazole oral solution and intravenous formulations: a review of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics","volume":"26","author":"Willems","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."}],"container-title":["Drug Resistance Updates"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1368764614000028?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1368764614000028?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T04:52:47Z","timestamp":1761281567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1368764614000028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368764614000028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-7646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-7646","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Breakpoints for antifungal agents: An update from EUCAST focussing on echinocandins against Candida spp. and triazoles against Aspergillus spp.","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Drug Resistance Updates","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drup.2014.01.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}