{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:33:53Z","timestamp":1790688833028,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &amp; Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,29]],"date-time":"2017-07-29T14:31:06Z","timestamp":1501338666000},"page":"S1047-S1051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"special_numbering":"S2","title":["Diabetes complications in Sudanese individuals with type 2 diabetes: Overlooked problems in sub-Saharan Africa?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Heitham","family":"Awadalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sufian K.","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wadie M.","family":"Elmadhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed O.","family":"Almobarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nehad E.","family":"Elmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulaf I.","family":"Abdelaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amel A.","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed H.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"July","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-564","article-title":"Diabetes in Sub Saharan Africa 1999\u20132011: epidemiology and public health implications. A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Hall","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Publ Health"},{"issue":"November (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12364","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in urban communities of north Sudan: population-based study","volume":"8","author":"Elmadhoun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diab"},{"issue":"May (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.26719\/2015.21.3.164","article-title":"Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in rural communities in Sudan: prevalence and risk factors","volume":"21","author":"Noor","year":"2015","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0020","series-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas. 5","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2011"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x","article-title":"Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries","volume":"70","author":"Popkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"May (Suppl. 1)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0030","first-page":"S3","article-title":"The global burden of diabetes and its complications: an emerging pandemic","volume":"17","author":"Van Dieren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Rehabil"},{"issue":"March (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2014.01.008","article-title":"Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a Sudanese population: what is the prevalence and risk factors?","volume":"15","author":"Almobarak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arab J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"June (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2015.06.001","article-title":"Prevalence of and predictive factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Sudanese individuals with type 2 diabetes: is metabolic syndrome the culprit?","volume":"16","author":"Almobarak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arab J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"December","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0045","article-title":"Glycaemic control in Sudanese individuals with type 2 diabetes: population based study","author":"Noor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diab Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"November (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2005.03.034","article-title":"Economic burden on families of childhood type 1 diabetes in urban Sudan","volume":"70","author":"Elrayah","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diab Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-387","article-title":"Prevalence and complications of diabetes mellitus in Northern Africa, a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Bos","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Publ Health"},{"issue":"November (11)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0060","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Diabetic autonomic neuropathy","volume":"21","author":"Ahmed","year":"2000","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"October (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0065","first-page":"353","article-title":"Pattern of diabetes mellitus in the Sudan","volume":"41","author":"el Mahdi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(91)90142-Z","article-title":"Features of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in the Sudan","volume":"11","author":"Elmahdi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diab Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"October (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(95)01146-3","article-title":"Pattern of long-term complications in Sudanese insulin-treated diabetic patients","volume":"30","author":"Elbagir","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diab Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(1998120)15:12<1045::AID-DIA696>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus in Egypt. Diabetes mellitus in Egypt: glycaemic control and microvascular and neuropathic complications","volume":"15","author":"Herman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.10.006","article-title":"Vascular risks and complications in diabetes mellitus: the role of helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"17","author":"Hamed","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovask Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734606288413","article-title":"A study of the prevalence and risk factors of foot problems in a population of diabetic patients in cameroon","volume":"5","author":"Ndip","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0095","first-page":"315","article-title":"Correlates of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in Nigerian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"37","author":"Odusan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afr J Med Med Sci"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.26719\/1999.5.1.6","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical patterns of diabetes mellitus in Banghazi, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya","volume":"5","author":"Kadiki","year":"1999","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"issue":"December (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/S1262-3636(07)70319-1","article-title":"Clinical and metabolic characteristics of newly diagnosed diabetic patients: experience of a university hospital in Tunis","volume":"32","author":"Harzallah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diab Metab"},{"issue":"May (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12696","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy: global prevaglence, major risk factors, screening practices and public health challenges: a review","volume":"44","author":"Ting","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1909","article-title":"Meta-analysis for Eye Disease (META-EYE) Study Group. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"35","author":"Yau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0120","first-page":"56","article-title":"Frequency of diabetic retinopathy in Karachi, Pakistan: a hospital based study","volume":"9","author":"Alkhairy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dow Univ Health Sci Karachi"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0125","first-page":"225","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with diabetic retinopathy among diabetics in Nepal: a hospital based study","volume":"9","author":"Shrestha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nepal Med Coll J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.51997","article-title":"Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy among Jordanian diabetics","volume":"15","author":"Al-Bdour","year":"2008","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.10.003","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in rural China: the Handan Eye Study","volume":"116","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"December (12)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12492","article-title":"High prevalence in Malawi of sight-threatening retinopathy and visual impairment caused by diabetes: identification of population-specific targets for intervention","volume":"31","author":"Burgess","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"December (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734609349704","article-title":"Admission trends over 8 years for diabetic foot ulceration in a specialized diabetes unit in cameroon","volume":"8","author":"Kengne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds"},{"issue":"December (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734606294538","article-title":"An assessment of the disease burden of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes mellitus attending a teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"5","author":"Ogbera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds"},{"issue":"July(7)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00740.x","article-title":"Clinical outcome of diabetes patients hospitalized with foot ulcers, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","volume":"19","author":"Gulam-Abbas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"July\u2013August (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2015-050","article-title":"Glycaemic, blood pressure and cholesterol control in 25 629 diabetics","volume":"26","author":"Pinchevsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ardiovasc J Afr"}],"container-title":["Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &amp; Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871402117302527?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871402117302527?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T09:02:47Z","timestamp":1761728567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871402117302527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S1871402117302527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-4021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-4021","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diabetes complications in Sudanese individuals with type 2 diabetes: Overlooked problems in sub-Saharan Africa?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.039","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}