{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:44:19Z","timestamp":1792179859660,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &amp; Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T12:30:45Z","timestamp":1556281845000},"page":"2001-2008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["A complete review of empagliflozin: Most specific and potent SGLT2 inhibitor used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Gita","family":"Chawla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna Kr","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10027","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00618-8","article-title":"Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4\u00b7 4 million participants","volume":"387","author":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5793","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S69926","article-title":"Empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: evidence to date","volume":"9","author":"Shubrook","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des Dev Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-9028","article-title":"From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"58","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910073411506","article-title":"Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"341","author":"Ritz","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.861","article-title":"Temporal trends in the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease in the United States","volume":"305","author":"De Boer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-415","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease in US adults with type 2 diabetes: an updated national estimate of prevalence based on Kidney Disease: improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging","volume":"7","author":"Bailey","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2404-1","article-title":"Association of HbA1c levels with vascular complications and death in patients with type 2 diabetes: evidence of glycaemic thresholds","volume":"55","author":"Zoungas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1213829","article-title":"Achievement of goals in US diabetes care, 1999\u20132010","volume":"368","author":"Ali","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028014558289","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes: oral medications","volume":"49","author":"Tran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01511.x","article-title":"The role of the kidneys in glucose homeostasis: a new path towards normalizing glycaemia","volume":"14","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of antidiabetic drugs on the incidence of macrovascular complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a new perspective on sodium\u2013glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors","author":"Raheli\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib12","first-page":"452","article-title":"New and emerging drugs and targets for type 2 diabetes: reviewing the evidence","volume":"7","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. Health Drug Benefit."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01517.x","article-title":"Empagliflozin, a novel selective sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor: characterisation and comparison with other SGLT-2 inhibitors","volume":"14","author":"Grempler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1039\/C8MD00183A","article-title":"Sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors: a new antidiabetic drug class","volume":"9","author":"Da Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medchemcomm"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2806","article-title":"Sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibitor, as adjunct therapy to insulin in type 1 diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Sands","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib17","unstructured":"Clinical trial number NCT02531035 for \"A phase 3 study to evaluate the safety of sotagliflozin in patients with type 1 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control with insulin therapy alone (inTandem3)\" at ClinicalTrials.gov."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018815578599","article-title":"Short commentary on empagliflozin and its potential clinical impact","volume":"6","author":"Hinnen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-3055","article-title":"Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2012.12.004","article-title":"Potential of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)","volume":"27","author":"Basile","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Diabetes Complicat"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1096","article-title":"How does empagliflozin reduce cardiovascular mortality? Insights from a mediation analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial","volume":"41","author":"Inzucchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032031","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcomes and safety of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and peripheral artery disease: a subanalysis of EMPA-REG OUTCOME","volume":"137","author":"Verma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.12.019","article-title":"Empagliflozin rescues diabetic myocardial microvascular injury via AMPK-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial fission","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028268","article-title":"Empagliflozin and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, established cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease","volume":"137","author":"Wanner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01517.x","article-title":"Empagliflozin, a novel selective sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor: characterisation and comparison with other SGLT-2 inhibitors","volume":"14","author":"Grempler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.532","article-title":"Phlorizin: a review","volume":"21","author":"Ehrenkranz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabol. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112981","article-title":"Correction of hyperglycemia with phlorizin normalizes tissue sensitivity to insulin in diabetic rats","volume":"79","author":"Rossetti","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Investig"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2008.00982.x","article-title":"Sodium\u2013glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors: an emerging new class of oral antidiabetic drug","volume":"11","author":"Idris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028015573564","article-title":"Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of the evidence","volume":"49","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12307","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Liakos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4090","DOI":"10.1021\/ol501755h","article-title":"Efficient synthesis of empagliflozin, an inhibitor of SGLT-2, utilizing an AlCl3-promoted silane reduction of a \u03b2-glycopyranoside","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Org Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/jlcr.3240","article-title":"Synthesis of empagliflozin, a novel and selective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, labeled with carbon-14 and carbon-13","volume":"57","author":"Hrapchak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Label Comp Radiopharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164114559852","article-title":"SGLT-2 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk: proposed pathways and review of ongoing outcome trials","volume":"12","author":"Inzucchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Vasc Dis Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-0780","article-title":"Diuretic action of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and its importance in the management of heart failure","volume":"80","author":"Kimura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4157-3","article-title":"Targeting renal glucose reabsorption to treat hyperglycaemia: the pleiotropic effects of SGLT2 inhibition","volume":"60","author":"Vallon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1096","article-title":"Empagliflozin reduces blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension","volume":"38","author":"Tikkanen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2016.05.006","article-title":"Reappraisal of the diuretic effect of empagliflozin in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial: comparison with classic diuretics","volume":"42","author":"Scheen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-016-0789-4","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors: benefit\/risk balance","volume":"16","author":"Scheen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2016.07.008","article-title":"Impact of empagliflozin in patients with diabetes and heart failure","volume":"27","author":"Pham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of empagliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metabol Toxicol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-015-1134-1","article-title":"A\u00a0comprehensive review of the pharmacodynamics of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in animals and humans","volume":"388","author":"Michel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-016-2010-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin as add-on to metformin for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.207","article-title":"Rosiglitazone revisited: an updated meta-analysis of risk for myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality","volume":"170","author":"Nissen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.920","article-title":"Risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and death in elderly Medicare patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone","volume":"304","author":"Graham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-14-129","article-title":"The risk of heart failure associated with the use of noninsulin blood glucose-lowering drugs: systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational studies","volume":"14","author":"Varas-Lorenzo","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579>","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010389","article-title":"Heart failure, saxagliptin and diabetes mellitus: observations from the SAVOR-TIMI 53 randomized trial","volume":"130","author":"Scirica","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.022","article-title":"Cardiovascular mortality reduction with empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease","volume":"71","author":"Fitchett","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0457-z","article-title":"Empagliflozin\/linagliptin: a review in type 2 diabetes","volume":"75","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2015.11.003","article-title":"Empagliflozin\/Linagliptin: combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"77","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.1114098","article-title":"Empagliflozin and linagliptin combination therapy for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Triplitt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-013-0030-2","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of multiple rising doses of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"4","author":"Heise","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509225","article-title":"Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome","volume":"373","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.16","article-title":"Empagliflozin (BI 10773), a potent and selective SGLT2 inhibitor, induces dose-dependent glucosuria in healthy subjects","volume":"2","author":"Seman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Drug Dev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1021\/tx500380t","article-title":"Sex-, species-, and tissue-specific metabolism of empagliflozin in male mouse kidney forms an unstable hemiacetal metabolite (M466\/2) that degrades to 4-Hydroxycrotonaldehyde, a reactive and cytotoxic species","volume":"28","author":"Taub","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0337-y","article-title":"Pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of sodium\u2013glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"75","author":"Scheen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-013-0126-x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor","volume":"53","author":"Scheen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib65","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of empagliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metabol Toxicol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2014.40","article-title":"Efficacy, safety and regulatory status of SGLT2 inhibitors: focus on canagliflozin","volume":"4","author":"Haas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2015.07.011","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials for 1 to 2years","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Diabetes Complicat"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0843","article-title":"Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: a potential complication of treatment with sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition","volume":"38","author":"Peters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib72","first-page":"8","article-title":"Possible adverse effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on bone. The lancet","volume":"3","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12244","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of sodium glucose co-transport-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"16","author":"Monami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2016.06.005","article-title":"Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: potential of pharmacological agents","volume":"30","author":"Samson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-012-0055-3","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, coadministered with sitagliptin in healthy volunteers","volume":"29","author":"Brand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.12.002","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, open-label, crossover study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of empagliflozin and linagliptin after coadministration in healthy male volunteers","volume":"35","author":"Friedrich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.5414\/CP201794","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, and metformin following co-administration in healthy volunteers","volume":"51","author":"Macha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2015.05.002","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of empagliflozin and pioglitazone after coadministration in healthy volunteers","volume":"37","author":"Macha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib79","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of empagliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metabol Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib81","first-page":"724","article-title":"Method development and validation of RP-HPLC method for the estimation of empagliflozin in api","volume":"7","author":"Padmaja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib82","first-page":"457","article-title":"Validated stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for determination of empagliflozin","volume":"8","author":"Shyamala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Der Pharm Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib83","first-page":"3040","article-title":"Method development and validation of empagliflozin by RP-HPLC in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form","volume":"7","author":"Shyamala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Adv Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib84","first-page":"126","article-title":"Development and validation of stability indicating reversed phase highpressure liquid chromatography method for simultaneous estimation of metformin and empagliflozin in bulk and tablet dosage form","author":"Babu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Pharmaceut Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib85","first-page":"95","article-title":"RPHPLC method development and validation for simultaneous determination of linagliptin and empagliflozine in tablet dosage form","volume":"2","author":"Madhusudhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Adv. Res. J. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"issue":"116","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95703","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA17231D","article-title":"UPLC simultaneous determination of empagliflozin, linagliptin and metformin","volume":"5","author":"Ayoub","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib87","unstructured":"Jyothirmai N, Nagaraju B, Anil Kumar M. Novel UV and Visible Spectrophotometric methods for the analysis of Empagliflozin a type 2 diabetic drug in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2016.1215427","article-title":"DPP-4 inhibitor plus SGLT-2 inhibitor as combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: from rationale to clinical aspects","volume":"12","author":"Scheen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metabol Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &amp; Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871402119301158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871402119301158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T09:07:29Z","timestamp":1761728849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871402119301158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1871402119301158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-4021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-4021","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A complete review of empagliflozin: Most specific and potent SGLT2 inhibitor used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.035","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}