{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:14:09Z","timestamp":1791000849205,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["54\/7\/2013-HUM-BMS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["54\/7\/2013-HUM-BMS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T00:31:29Z","timestamp":1557361889000},"page":"2098-2105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Elevated fasting insulin is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4357-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shayaq Ul Abeer","family":"Rasool","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sairish","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mudasar","family":"Nabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fouzia","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid Majid","family":"Fazili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shajrul","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20090399","article-title":"Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in the development and progression of cancer","volume":"118","author":"Godsland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond): 1979"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0762-4","article-title":"Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease","volume":"17","author":"Ormazabal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Azziz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.12.004","article-title":"New PCOS-like phenotype in older infertile women of likely autoimmune adrenal etiology with high AMH but low androgens","volume":"167","author":"Gleicher","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024","article-title":"Consensus on women's health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the Amsterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group","volume":"97","author":"Fauser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2013.04.004","article-title":"Cancer risk and PCOS","volume":"78","author":"Dumesic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2014.07.111","article-title":"Long term complications of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"75","author":"Peigne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.008","article-title":"Mood and anxiety disorders in women with PCOS","volume":"77","author":"Dokras","year":"2012","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2009.12.010","article-title":"Insulin and hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"122","author":"Baptiste","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2018.01.008","article-title":"Differential insulin and steroidogenic signaling in insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant human luteinized granulosa cells: a study in PCOS patients","volume":"178","author":"Belani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.05.001","article-title":"Novel insights in SHBG regulation and clinical implications","volume":"26","author":"Simo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2017.1411474","article-title":"SHBG expression is correlated with PI3K\/AKT pathway activity in a cellular model of human insulin resistance","volume":"34","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"19","author":"Fauser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.157","article-title":"Refining diagnostic features in PCOS to optimize health outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Boyle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2013.774362","article-title":"Accurate screening for insulin resistance in PCOS women using fasting insulin concentrations","volume":"29","author":"Lunger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.09.016","article-title":"Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): long-term metabolic consequences","volume":"86","author":"Anagnostis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der396","article-title":"Consensus on women's health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"27","author":"Amsterdam EA-SrPCWG","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh137","article-title":"Is insulin resistance an essential component of PCOS?: the influence of confounding factors","volume":"19","author":"Cibula","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib19","first-page":"123a","article-title":"Roles of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance in adolescents with PCOS","volume":"47","author":"Arslanian","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2006.21.4.695","article-title":"Cutoff values of surrogate measures of insulin resistance for metabolic syndrome in Korean non-diabetic adults","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.01.041","article-title":"Use of fasting blood to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"82","author":"Carmina","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib22","article-title":"Distribution and cutoff points of fasting insulin in Asian Indian adolescents and their association with metabolic syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Vikram","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAPI"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192574","article-title":"Mortality, health outcomes, and body mass index in the overweight range: a science advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"119","author":"Lewis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010679","article-title":"Association between body-mass index and risk of death in more than 1 million Asians","volume":"364","author":"Zheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010159","article-title":"Waist-to-height ratio as an indicator of \u00e2 early health risk\u2122: simpler and more predictive than using a \u00e2 matrix\u2122based on BMI and waist circumference","volume":"6","author":"Ashwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1584","article-title":"The predictive value of different measures of obesity for incident cardiovascular events and mortality","volume":"95","author":"Schneider","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7056","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7056.559d","article-title":"Ratio of waist circumference to height is strong predictor of intra-abdominal fat","volume":"313","author":"Ashwell","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.1.33","article-title":"Relation of body mass index and waist-to-height ratio to cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study","volume":"86","author":"Freedman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E281","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12147","article-title":"Use of the waist height ratio to predict metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents","volume":"49","author":"Nambiar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40608-016-0114-4","article-title":"Correlation of adiposity indices with cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy adults of Singapore: a cross-sectional study","volume":"3","author":"Bi","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC obesity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-12-78","article-title":"Lipid accumulation product: a simple and accurate index for predicting metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese people aged 50 and over","volume":"12","author":"Chiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-5-26","article-title":"The\u201c lipid accumulation product\u201d performs better than the body mass index for recognizing cardiovascular risk: a population-based comparison","volume":"5","author":"Kahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006189","article-title":"Insulin stimulates adipogenesis through the Akt-TSC2-mTORC1 pathway","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.074351","article-title":"Regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1a by human chorionic gonadotropin and insulin in cultured rat theca-interstitial cells","volume":"81","author":"Palaniappan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13656","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.13656","article-title":"Insulin selectively increases SREBP-1c mRNA in the livers of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes","volume":"96","author":"Shimomura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci Unit States Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4193","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.9.7794","article-title":"Insulin mediated inhibition of hormone sensitive lipase activity in\u00a0vivo in relation to endogenous catecholamines in healthy subjects","volume":"86","author":"Ballieux","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038952","article-title":"Insulin concentration modulates hepatic lipid accumulation in mice in part via transcriptional regulation of fatty acid transport proteins","volume":"7","author":"Softic","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.10.019","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia drives diet-induced obesity independently of brain insulin production","volume":"16","author":"Mehran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3676-7","article-title":"Suppression of hyperinsulinaemia in growing female mice provides long-term protection against obesity","volume":"58","author":"Templeman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2013-0014","article-title":"The impact of hyperandrogenism in female obesity and cardiometabolic diseases associated with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Barber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib41","first-page":"123","article-title":"Effects of hyperandrogenism on metabolic disorder in patients with PCOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib42","first-page":"3299","article-title":"The insulin-sensitizing agent troglitazone improves metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in the polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"81","author":"Dunaif","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031737","article-title":"Effect of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone on insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Brettenthaler","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(05)70191-1","article-title":"Insulin-lowering drugs in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Iuorno","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5025","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23298-2","article-title":"Insulin regulates adrenal steroidogenesis by stabilizing SF-1 activity","volume":"8","author":"Kinyua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep-Uk"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der302","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical presentation of polycystic ovary syndrome in women between the ages of 20 and 40","volume":"26","author":"Liang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"}],"container-title":["Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187140211930253X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187140211930253X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T19:51:04Z","timestamp":1721245864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S187140211930253X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S187140211930253X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-4021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-4021","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Elevated fasting insulin is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}