{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:08:17Z","timestamp":1791925697302,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T02:55:24Z","timestamp":1585191324000},"page":"241-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":335,"title":["Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8374-4536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awadhesh Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akriti","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Altamash","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritu","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anoop","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","article-title":"Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.002","article-title":"Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic","volume":"14","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes, Metab Syndrome Clin Res Rev"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib4","first-page":"30040","article-title":"Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): facts and myths","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib5","article-title":"Learning from the past: possible urgent prevention and treatment options for severe acute respiratory infections caused by 2019-nCoV","volume":"4","author":"LiuW","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chembiochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib6","article-title":"Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV)","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib7","article-title":"Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in\u00a0vitro","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105923","article-title":"Chloroquine for the 2019 novel coronavirus","author":"Colson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9218e32","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.716100","article-title":"Glycopeptide antibiotics potently inhibit cathepsin L in the late endosome\/lysosome and block the entry of Ebola virus, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)","volume":"291","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105932","article-title":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19","author":"Colson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0601856","article-title":"Design and synthesis of hydroxyferroquine derivatives with antimalarial and antiviral activities","volume":"49","author":"Biot","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0156-0","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in\u00a0vitro","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa237","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.8.1512","article-title":"Bactericidal effect of doxycycline associated with lysosomotropic agents on Coxiella burnetii in P388D1 cells","volume":"34","author":"Raoult","year":"1990","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib15","unstructured":"Boulos A, Rolain JM, Raoult D. Antibiotic susceptibility of Tropheryma whipplei in MRC5 cells. Antimicrob Agents."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib16","series-title":"American academy of ophthalmology. Recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy","author":"Marmor","year":"2016"},{"issue":"10223","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2020.01047","article-title":"Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open label non-randomized clinical trial","author":"Gautret","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104762","article-title":"Of chloroquine and COVID-19","volume":"177","author":"Touret","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib21","first-page":"185","volume":"43","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jiehe He Huxi Zazhi"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70065-2","article-title":"Chloroquine for influenza prevention: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Paton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e785","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000785","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled trial of chloroquine for the treatment of dengue in Vietnamese adults","volume":"4","author":"Tricou","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2106.150176","article-title":"Lack of protection against ebola virus from chloroquine in mice and hamsters","volume":"21","author":"Falzarano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2007.00027.x","article-title":"Chloroquine is effective against influenza A virus in\u00a0vitro but not in\u00a0vivo","volume":"1","author":"Vigerust","year":"2007","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11979","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01847-09","article-title":"Chloroquine administration does not prevent Nipah virus infection and disease in ferrets","volume":"83","author":"Pallister","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.180","article-title":"Acceleration of viral replication and up-regulation of cytokine levels by antimalarials: implications in malaria-endemic areas","volume":"61","author":"Seth","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v10050268","article-title":"Paradoxical effect of chloroquine treatment in enhancing chikungunya virus infection","volume":"10","author":"Roques","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12295","article-title":"The enigma of the clandestine association between chloroquine and HIV-1 infection","volume":"16","author":"Chauhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24575","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine augments early virological response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in genotype-4 chronic hepatitis C patients","volume":"88","author":"Helal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S166893","article-title":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are associated with reduced cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Des Dev Ther"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011_bib41","first-page":"30390","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19","author":"Cortegiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crit Care"}],"container-title":["Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871402120300515?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871402120300515?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T09:09:17Z","timestamp":1761728957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871402120300515"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1871402120300515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-4021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-4021","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}