{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:24:05Z","timestamp":1783441445865,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["971047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["971047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T02:17:57Z","timestamp":1637893077000},"page":"102352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The effect of early enteral nutrition supplemented with synbiotics on lipid and glucose homeostasis in critically ill patients: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Najmeh","family":"Seifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Amin Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6482-6405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Ebrahimi","family":"Dabagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Sedaghat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Rezvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2698-176X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Khadem-Rezaiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3202-2709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Nematy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Safarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.2.246","article-title":"Unrecognized diabetes among hospitalized patients","volume":"21","author":"Levetan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8341","article-title":"Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes","volume":"87","author":"Umpierrez","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib3","series-title":"Journal of diabetes science and technology [internet]","article-title":"Hyperglycemia in critical illness: a review","author":"Brealey","year":"2009"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.02.066","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary bypass increases postoperative glycemia and insulin consumption after coronary surgery","volume":"87","author":"Knapik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib5","first-page":"8","article-title":"Examination of setarud (IMODTM) in the management of patients with severe sepsis","volume":"18","author":"Mahmoodpoor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Daru"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib6","series-title":"Dream of magic bullet for mortality prediction and therapeutic evaluation","first-page":"62","article-title":"Identification of enhanced cytokine generation following sepsis","volume":"18","author":"Hamishehkar","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199604000-00006","article-title":"Low lipid concentrations in critical illness: implications for preventing and treating endotoxemia","volume":"24","author":"Gordon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1609-y","article-title":"Changes in HDL-associated apolipoproteins relate to mortality in human sepsis and correlate to monocyte and platelet activation","volume":"35","author":"Barlage","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib9","first-page":"5","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in critical illness [Internet]","volume":"19","author":"Green","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.2758","article-title":"Myocardial injury in critically ill patients: relation to increased cardiac troponin I and hospital mortality","volume":"128","author":"Quenot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1185\/030079908X273372","article-title":"Serum lipid profiles and their relationship to cardiovascular disease in the elderly: the PREV-ICTUS study","volume":"24","author":"Lozano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib12","article-title":"Expanding role of gut microbiota in lipid metabolism [Internet]","volume":"27","author":"Ghazalpour","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2012.04.014","article-title":"An in\u00a0vitro evaluation of the effect of probiotics and prebiotics on the metabolic profile of human microbiota","volume":"18","author":"Vitali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1457","article-title":"A\u00a0novel antiinflammatory role for the short-chain fatty acids in human labor","volume":"153","author":"Voltolini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib15","article-title":"Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits","volume":"104","author":"Roberfroid","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition. Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib16","series-title":"Effect of probiotics on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials","author":"Ruan","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0607372","article-title":"The re-emerging role of the intestinal microflora in critical illness and inflammation: why the gut hypothesis of sepsis syndrome will not go away","volume":"83","author":"Alverdy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01361-14","article-title":"Membership and behavior of ultra-low-diversity pathogen communities present in the gut of humans during prolonged critical illness","volume":"5","author":"Zaborin","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib19","article-title":"Effects of synbiotic supplementation on energy and macronutrients homeostasis and muscle wasting of critical care patients: study protocol and a review of previous studies","volume":"21","author":"Seifi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials. BioMed. Central Ltd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib20","first-page":"5","article-title":"Glucose homeostasis, nutrition and infections during critical illness","volume":"24","author":"Ingels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect Elsevier B.V."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib21","first-page":"78","article-title":"Mecanismos potenciais ligando probi\u00f3ticos a diabetes: Uma revisao narrativa da literatura","volume":"135","author":"Miraghajani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J Associacao Paulista de Medicina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-017-0183-1","article-title":"Gut microbiota as a potential target of metabolic syndrome: the role of probiotics and prebiotics","volume":"7","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Bioscience BioMed Central Ltd."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1300-3","article-title":"Effect of probiotics and synbiotics on blood glucose: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"57","author":"Nikbakht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib24","first-page":"30","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on blood glucose levels and clinical outcomes in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma","volume":"25","author":"Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2018.03.123","article-title":"Use of standard enteral formula versus enteric formula with prebiotic content in nutrition therapy: a randomized controlled study among neuro-critical care patients","volume":"25","author":"Tuncay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.04.008","article-title":"Control of diarrhea by fiber-enriched diet in ICU patients on enteral nutrition: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Rushdi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib27","first-page":"5","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in critical illness","volume":"19","author":"Green","year":"2016"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib28","first-page":"2227","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiota in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib29","article-title":"Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism [Internet]","volume":"20","author":"Schoeler","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib30","first-page":"67","article-title":"Effect of a probiotic preparation (VSL#3) on CardiovascularRisk parameters in critically-ill patients","volume":"5","author":"Sanaie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Thorac Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73839-9","article-title":"Effects of milk products fermented by Bifidobacterium longum on blood lipids in rats and healthy adult male volunteers","volume":"86","author":"Xiao","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-4128","article-title":"Effect of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis on lipid profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"94","author":"Ejtahed","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dairy Sci"}],"container-title":["Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871402121003726?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871402121003726?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T09:15:45Z","timestamp":1761729345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871402121003726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1871402121003726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-4021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-4021","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of early enteral nutrition supplemented with synbiotics on lipid and glucose homeostasis in critically ill patients: A randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102352","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Diabetes India.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102352"}}