{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:15:17Z","timestamp":1775744117306,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &amp; Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T11:27:32Z","timestamp":1638012452000},"page":"102356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["COVID-19 associated symmetrical peripheral gangrene: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Abheek","family":"Sil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uddalak","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3809-8926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atanu","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surajit Kumar","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib1","first-page":"785","article-title":"Thrombotic and hypercoagulability complications of COVID-19: an update","volume":"12","author":"Shibeeb","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Blood Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib2","article-title":"Anticoagulation in COVID-19: current concepts and controversies","author":"Chandra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_464_21","article-title":"Dermatological manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection","volume":"66","author":"Panda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2021.103094","article-title":"Symmetrical peripheral gangrene in critical illness","volume":"60","author":"Warkentin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib5","first-page":"5769","article-title":"Severe acute dried gangrene in COVID-19 infection: a case report","volume":"24","author":"Novara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.39.5.569","article-title":"Symmetrical peripheral gangrene","volume":"39","author":"McGouran","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-021-02394-7","article-title":"Thrombotic complications in 2928 patients with COVID-19 treated in intensive care: a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Jenner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in covid-19","volume":"383","author":"Ackermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2020.05.007","article-title":"Fibrinolysis shutdown correlation with thromboembolic events in severe COVID-19 infection","volume":"231","author":"Wright","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3COVR0520-272R","article-title":"Cytokine storm and leukocyte changes in mild versus severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: review of 3939 COVID-19 patients in China and emerging pathogenesis and therapy concepts","volume":"108","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.06.027","article-title":"Is COVID-19 associated thrombosis caused by overactivation of the complement cascade? A literature review","volume":"194","author":"letcher-Sandersj\u00f6\u00f6","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.77481","article-title":"Symmetrical peripheral gangrene","volume":"77","author":"Ghosh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib13","first-page":"103","article-title":"Symmetrical peripheral gangrene with multifactorial origin","volume":"3","author":"Diwan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Indian Acad Geriatr"},{"issue":"1149","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-139202","article-title":"Purpura fulminans as the presenting manifestation of COVID-19","volume":"97","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib15","first-page":"5769","article-title":"Severe acute dried gangrene in COVID-19 infection: a case report","volume":"24","author":"Novara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib16","first-page":"500","article-title":"Symmetrical peripheral gangrene due to viral gastroenteritis","volume":"52","author":"Kashyap","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Assoc Phys India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.07.039","article-title":"Presentation and outcome of purpura fulminans associated with peripheral gangrene in 12 patients at Mayo Clinic","volume":"57","author":"Davis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92046-5","article-title":"Peripheral symmetrical gangrene successfully treated with epoprostenol and tissue plasminogen activator","volume":"2","author":"Denning","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03329.x","article-title":"Symmetrical peripheral gangrene: a prospective study of 14 consecutive cases in a tertiary-care hospital in eastern India","volume":"24","author":"Ghosh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"}],"container-title":["Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &amp; Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871402121003763?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871402121003763?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T09:16:55Z","timestamp":1761729415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871402121003763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1871402121003763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-4021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-4021","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"COVID-19 associated symmetrical peripheral gangrene: A case series","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102356","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102356"}}