{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:06:21Z","timestamp":1792739181163,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &amp; Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T02:13:14Z","timestamp":1664417594000},"page":"102635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Metabolically unhealthy phenotype in normal weight population and risk of mortality and major adverse cardiac events: A meta-analysis of 41 prospective cohort studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2685-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwan Cahyo Santosa","family":"Putra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Kamarullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hawani Sasmaya","family":"Prameswari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miftah","family":"Pramudyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaerul","family":"Achmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Rizki","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Badai Bhatara","family":"Tiksnadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48382-5_1","article-title":"The definition and prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome","volume":"960","author":"Engin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018820934955","article-title":"Adult obesity complications: challenges and clinical impact","volume":"11","author":"Ansari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.16.1720","article-title":"Association of overweight with increased risk of coronary heart disease partly independent of blood pressure and cholesterol levels: a meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies including more than 300 000 persons","volume":"167","author":"Bogers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30175-1","article-title":"Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents","volume":"388","author":"Global","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001600344X","article-title":"Association of BMI with risk of CVD mortality and all-cause mortality","volume":"20","author":"Kee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Publ Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30288-2","article-title":"Association of BMI with overall and cause-specific mortality: a population-based co hort study of 3\u00b76 million adults in the UK","volume":"6","author":"Bhaskaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70062-7","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obesity: epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical implications","volume":"1","author":"Stefan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.07.008","article-title":"Causes, characteristics, and consequences of metabolically unhealthy normal weight in humans","volume":"26","author":"Stefan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13127","article-title":"Metabolically healthy overweight\/obesity are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adults, even in the absence of metabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"21","author":"Opio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.07.230","article-title":"Combined effect of obesity and cardio-metabolic abnormality on the risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"168","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib13","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib14","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with established atherosclerotic disease or multiple risk factors","volume":"9","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Stang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.887521","article-title":"Impact of body mass index and the metabolic syndrome on the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in middle-aged men","volume":"121","author":"Arnl\u00f6v","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1971","article-title":"Diabetes and cardiovascular disease outcomes in the metabolically healthy obese phenotype: a cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Appleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2832","article-title":"Risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease in metabolically unhealthy normal-weight and metabolically healthy obese individuals","volume":"99","author":"Aung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.02.025","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obesity, vitamin D, and all-cause and cardiometabolic mortality risk in NHANES III","volume":"38","author":"Al-khalidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2021.101266","article-title":"Transitions in metabolic health status over time and risk of heart failure: a prospective study","volume":"48","author":"Bi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/21551197.2016.1199004","article-title":"Metabolic health status and the obesity paradox in older adults","volume":"35","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.07.763","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obese and incident cardiovascular disease events among 3.5 million men and women","volume":"70","author":"Caleyachetty","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.002","article-title":"Implications of the dynamic nature of metabolic health status and obesity on risk of incident cardiovascular events and mortality: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"97","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-2227","article-title":"High burden of subclinical and cardiovascular disease risk in adults with metabolically healthy obesity: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study","volume":"44","author":"Commodore-Mensah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154273","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease in the elderly population","volume":"11","author":"Dhana","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30137-2","article-title":"Transition from metabolic healthy to unhealthy phenotypes and association with cardiovascular disease risk across BMI categories in 90\u2008257 women (the Nurses' Health Study): 30 year follow-up from a prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Eckel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.223","article-title":"Excess weight and the risk of incident coronary heart disease among men and women","volume":"18","author":"Flint","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003351","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obesity, transition to unhealthy metabolic status, and vascular disease in Chinese adults: a cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3475","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obesity and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality","volume":"97","author":"Hamer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu123","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: the Whitehall II cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Hinnouho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3346","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obesity and ischemic heart disease: a 10-year follow-up of the Inter99 study","volume":"102","author":"Hansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib32","first-page":"1","article-title":"The joint association of cardiometabolic health and weight on mortality in the multiethnic cohort","author":"Harmon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ethn Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239164","article-title":"The association between transition from metabolically healthy obesity to metabolic syndrome, and incidence of cardiovascular disease: tehran lipid and glucose study","volume":"15","author":"Hosseinpanah","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007297","article-title":"Metabolically healthy\/unhealthy overweight\/obesity associations with incident heart failure in postmenopausal women: the women's health initiative","volume":"14","author":"Cordola Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224802","article-title":"Impact of body mass index and metabolically unhealthy status on mortality in the Japanese general population: the JMS cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Izumida","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000115514.44135.A8","article-title":"Clinical importance of obesity versus the metabolic syndrome in cardiovascular risk in women: a report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study","volume":"109","author":"Kip","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.2.391","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and mortality: impact of cardiorespiratory fitness","volume":"28","author":"Katzmarzyk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.008","article-title":"Abdominal obesity phenotypes and risk of cardiovascular disease in a decade of follow-up: the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study","volume":"238","author":"Keihani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3384","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003384","article-title":"Risk of the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in metabolically healthy obese people: the Korean genome and epidemiology study","volume":"95","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049063","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in a Korean population: a prospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0444-2","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of 'metabolically healthy but obese' and 'metabolically abnormal but not obese' phenotypes on development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Chinese","volume":"49","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.05.013","article-title":"Cardiometabolic healthy obesity paradigm and all-cause mortality risk","volume":"43","author":"Loprinzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx448","article-title":"Separate and combined associations of obesity and metabolic health with coronary heart disease: a pan-European case-cohort analysis","volume":"39","author":"Lassale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib44","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease outcomes in metabolically healthy obesity in communities of Beijing cohort study","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0594","article-title":"Body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and risk of type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease","volume":"91","author":"Meigs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.035","article-title":"Risk of myocardial infarction and heart failure among metabolically healthy but obese individuals: HUNT (Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag Health Study), Norway","volume":"63","author":"M\u00f8rkedal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.02.002","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in different obesity phenotypes over a decade follow-up: tehran Lipid and Glucose Study","volume":"258","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs174","article-title":"The intriguing metabolically healthy but obese phenotype: cardiovascular prognosis and role of fitness","volume":"34","author":"Ortega","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.06.073","article-title":"Comparison of usefulness of body mass index versus metabolic risk factors in predicting 10-year risk of cardiovascular events in women","volume":"100","author":"Song","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.10522","article-title":"Myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease in overweight and obesity with and without metabolic syndrome","volume":"174","author":"Thomsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0284","article-title":"Coronary artery disease risk among obese metabolically healthy young men","volume":"173","author":"Twig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.04.047","article-title":"Increased heart failure risk in normal-weight people with metabolic syndrome compared with metabolically healthy obese individuals","volume":"58","author":"Voulgari","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4155","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S330212","article-title":"Comparison of the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in weight groups with healthy and unhealthy metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0356","article-title":"Association between the metabolically healthy obese phenotype and the risk of myocardial infarction: results from the Kailuan study","volume":"179","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246378","article-title":"Association between metabolically healthy obesity\/overweight and cardiovascular disease risk: a representative cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"16","author":"Yeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05484-6","article-title":"Are people with metabolically healthy obesity really healthy? A prospective cohort study of 381,363 UK Biobank participants","volume":"64","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-206948","article-title":"The long-term prognosis of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality for metabolically healthy obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-01840-0","article-title":"The long-term prognosis of heart diseases for different metabolic phenotypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"63","author":"Mirzababaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00008","article-title":"Are metabolically healthy overweight and obesity benign conditions?: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Kramer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib60","article-title":"Hypertension","volume":"4","author":"Oparil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.4103\/ajm.ajm_53_20","article-title":"Pathophysiology of diabetes: an overview","volume":"10","author":"Banday","year":"2020","journal-title":"Avicenna J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3860","article-title":"Update on screening, etiology, and treatment of dyslipidemia in children","volume":"99","author":"Bamba","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.87","article-title":"BMI-related errors in the measurement of obesity","volume":"32","author":"Rothman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2015.0007","article-title":"Ethnic-Specific criteria for classification of body mass index: a perspective for asian Indians and American diabetes association position statement","volume":"17","author":"Misra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Therapeut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.5","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of body mass index to identify obesity as defined by body adiposity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Okorodudu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2012007500059","article-title":"Percent body fat is a better predictor of cardiovascular risk factors than body mass index","volume":"45","author":"Zeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2005.10.010","article-title":"Normal weight obese (NWO) women: an evaluation of a candidate new syndrome","volume":"16","author":"De Lorenzo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr Metabol Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12523","article-title":"Cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with normal weight obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Rakhmat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521000064","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and risk of CVD: a dose-response meta-analysis of thirty-one prospective studies","volume":"126","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011843","article-title":"Association between physical activity and body fat percentage, with adjustment for BMI: a large cross-sectional analysis of UK Biobank","volume":"7","author":"Bradbury","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08832-0","article-title":"The association between physical activity and body fat percentage with adjustment for body mass index among middle-aged adults: China health and nutrition survey in 2015","volume":"20","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.001180","article-title":"A\u00a0comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Disease models & mechanisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.15.1617","article-title":"The obese without cardiometabolic risk factor clustering and the normal weight with cardiometabolic risk factor clustering: prevalence and correlates of 2 phenotypes among the US population (NHANES 1999-2004)","volume":"168","author":"Wildman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &amp; Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871402122002491?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871402122002491?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T09:20:06Z","timestamp":1761729606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871402122002491"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1871402122002491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-4021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-4021","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Metabolically unhealthy phenotype in normal weight population and risk of mortality and major adverse cardiac events: A meta-analysis of 41 prospective cohort studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102635","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102635"}}