{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T14:27:47Z","timestamp":1793456867559,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020629","name":"Universitatea \u0218tefan cel Mare din Suceava","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020629","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &amp; Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T20:32:00Z","timestamp":1736886720000},"page":"102989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Revised definition of obesity in Asian Indians living in India"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Anoop","family":"Misra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naval K.","family":"Vikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9011-8632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amerta","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyush","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-019-0328-0","article-title":"Obesity in South asia: phenotype, morbidities, and mitigation","volume":"8","author":"Misra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.06.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of overweight and obesity in Indian adults - a secondary data analysis of the National Family Health Surveys","volume":"15","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabol Syndr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.06.020","article-title":"Increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes during lockdown for the COVID19 pandemic in India: a cohort analysis","volume":"14","author":"Ghosal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabol Syndr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30204-3","article-title":"Epidemiology and determinants of type 2 diabetes in south Asia","volume":"6","author":"Hills","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib5","first-page":"163","article-title":"Consensus statement for diagnosis of obesity, abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome for Asian Indians and recommendations for physical activity, medical and surgical management","volume":"57","author":"Misra","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Assoc Phys India"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2001382","article-title":"BMI does not accurately predict overweight in Asian Indians in northern India","volume":"86","author":"Dudeja","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib7","first-page":"32","article-title":"Anthropometry and body composition in northern Asian Indian patients with type 2 diabetes: receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of body mass index with percentage body fat as standard","volume":"16","author":"Vikram","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090813","article-title":"Body mass index and waist circumference cut-points in multi-ethnic populations from the UK and India: the ADDITION-Leicester, Jaipur heart watch and New Delhi cross-sectional studies","volume":"9","author":"Bodicoat","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5366","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.11.7992","article-title":"Body fat distribution and insulin resistance in healthy Asian Indians and Caucasians","volume":"86","author":"Raji","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803111","article-title":"Waist circumference cutoff points and action levels for Asian Indians for identification of abdominal obesity","volume":"30","author":"Misra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-018-0068-3","article-title":"Allometric scaling of weight to height and resulting body mass index thresholds in two Asian populations","volume":"9","author":"Hood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-018-0070-9","article-title":"Current formula for calculating body mass index is applicable to Asian populations","volume":"9","author":"Misra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation","volume":"894","year":"2000","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.2","article-title":"A proposed clinical staging system for obesity","volume":"33","author":"Sharma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00058-X","article-title":"Lancet diabetes & endocrinology commission on the definition and diagnosis of clinical obesity","volume":"11","author":"Rubino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib16","unstructured":"Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology commission on the definition and diagnosis of clinical obesity. Jan\u201924 (Submitted)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib17","unstructured":"Obesity: Health consequences of being overweight. [Internet]. [cited 2023 September 12]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/obesity-health-consequences-of-being-overweight."},{"issue":"11 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1585","article-title":"Role of body fat distribution and the metabolic complications of obesity","volume":"93","author":"Jensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1159\/000471488","article-title":"The metabolic phenotype in obesity: fat mass, body fat distribution, and adipose tissue function","volume":"10","author":"Goossens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.067264","article-title":"Body fat distribution and risk of cardiovascular disease: an update","volume":"126","author":"Despr\u00e9s","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib21","first-page":"457","article-title":"Clinical and pathophysiological consequences of abdominal adiposity and abdominal adipose tissue depots","volume":"19","author":"Misra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nutr Burbank Los Angel Cty Calif"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.7570\/kjo.2016.25.3.115","article-title":"Measurements of adiposity and body composition","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Obes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.135","article-title":"Obesity-related non-communicable diseases: south Asians vs white Caucasians","volume":"35","author":"Misra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e787","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30267-5","article-title":"Body-mass index, blood pressure, and cause-specific mortality in India: a prospective cohort study of 500 810 adults","volume":"6","author":"Gajalakshmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025397","article-title":"Association between cardiometabolic risk factors and body mass index, waist circumferences and body fat in a Zanzibari cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Nyangasa","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0310-7","article-title":"Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a consensus statement from the IAS and ICCR working group on visceral obesity","volume":"16","author":"Ross","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.11.011","article-title":"A pooled analysis of waist circumference and mortality in 650,000 adults","volume":"89","author":"Cerhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.203","article-title":"Comparison of various surrogate obesity indicators as predictors of cardiovascular mortality in four European populations","volume":"67","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2018.08.001","article-title":"Body fat, metabolic syndrome and hyperglycemia in South Asians","volume":"32","author":"Misra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Diabet Complicat"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib30","first-page":"969","article-title":"Waist circumference criteria for the diagnosis of abdominal obesity are not applicable uniformly to all populations and ethnic groups","volume":"21","author":"Misra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr Burbank Los Angel Cty Calif"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn001","article-title":"Association of body mass index with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: findings from a prospective cohort study in Mumbai (Bombay), India","volume":"37","author":"Pednekar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.3.483","article-title":"Body fat distribution and risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population: are there differences between men and women? The MONICA\/KORA Augsburg cohort study","volume":"84","author":"Meisinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01602.x","article-title":"Increases in body mass index, even within non-obese levels, raise the risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a follow-up study in a Japanese population","volume":"22","author":"Nagaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabet Med J Br Diabet Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1556\/2060.104.2017.1.9","article-title":"World kidney day steering committee. Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic","volume":"104","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Int"},{"issue":"9669","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60318-4","article-title":"Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies","volume":"373","author":"Whitlock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.113905","article-title":"Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"309","author":"Flegal","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib37","series-title":"Economic development, the nutrition trap and metabolic disease [internet]","first-page":"w29132","author":"Luke","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229716","article-title":"Does a rise in BMI cause an increased risk of diabetes?: evidence from India","volume":"15","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2007.05.005","article-title":"Beyond BMI: the value of more accurate measures of fatness and obesity in social science research","volume":"27","author":"Burkhauser","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib40","first-page":"S56","article-title":"BMI-related errors in the measurement of obesity","volume":"32","author":"Rothman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2017.04.015","article-title":"Management of obesity in adult Asian Indians","volume":"69","author":"Behl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.4.899","article-title":"Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: executive summary. Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight in Adults","volume":"68","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26847","article-title":"Comparisons of percentage body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-stature ratio in adults","volume":"89","author":"Flegal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.184642","article-title":"Correlation between the percentage of body fat and surrogate indices of obesity among adult population in rural block of Haryana","volume":"5","author":"Verma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Fam Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.11.058","article-title":"Central obesity and survival in subjects with coronary artery disease: a systematic review of the literature and collaborative analysis with individual subject data","volume":"57","author":"Coutinho","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr048","article-title":"Associations between general and abdominal adiposity and mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus","volume":"174","author":"Sluik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.635","article-title":"Waist circumference measurement by site, posture, respiratory phase, and mealtime: implications for methodology","volume":"17","author":"Agarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obes Silver Spring Md"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2017.12.001","article-title":"Correlation of visceral body fat with waist-hip ratio, waist circumference and body mass index in healthy adults: a cross sectional study","volume":"76","author":"Gadekar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib49","article-title":"Central fatness and risk of all cause mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 72 prospective cohort studies","volume":"370","author":"Jayedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2009.05.003","article-title":"Waist-hip-ratio as a predictor of all-cause mortality in high-functioning older adults","volume":"19","author":"Srikanthan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.3.286","article-title":"Risk factors for early myocardial infarction in South Asians compared with individuals in other countries","volume":"297","author":"Joshi","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib52","article-title":"Waist-to-height ratio is an effective indicator for comprehensive cardiovascular health","volume":"7","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00952.x","article-title":"Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Ashwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obes Rev Off J Int Assoc Study Obes."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103483","article-title":"Waist-to-height ratio is more predictive of years of life lost than body mass index","volume":"9","author":"Ashwell","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2016.0041","article-title":"Waist-to-Height ratio compared to standard obesity measures as predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors in asian Indians in north India","volume":"14","author":"Vikram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S34220","article-title":"Predicting cardiometabolic risk: waist-to-height ratio or BMI. A meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Savva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes, Metab Syndrome Obes Targets Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962012000100012","article-title":"Association of acanthosis nigricans and skin tags with insulin resistance","volume":"87","author":"Barbato","year":"2012","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2007.12.001","article-title":"Acanthosis Nigricans and insulin levels in a south Indian population-(ADEPS paper 2)","volume":"2","author":"Menon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S436","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.104122","article-title":"Correlation of acanthosis nigricans with insulin resistance, anthropometric, and other metabolic parameters in diabetic Indians","volume":"16","author":"Patidar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2007.08.002","article-title":"Novel phenotypic markers and screening score for the metabolic syndrome in adult Asian Indians","volume":"79","author":"Misra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2020.1783024","article-title":"Revising, correcting, and transferring genes","volume":"20","author":"Cwik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Bioeth AJOB"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib62","unstructured":"WHO handbook for guideline development, second ed. [Internet]. [cited 2023 September 12]. Available from:: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/9789241548960."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2070(99)00018-7","article-title":"The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: issues and analysis","volume":"15","author":"Rowe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Forecast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2021.101401","article-title":"Preparing, conducting, and analyzing Delphi surveys: cross-disciplinary practices, new directions, and advancements","volume":"8","author":"Beiderbeck","year":"2021","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00558-2017","article-title":"The independent association of overweight and obesity with breathlessness in adults: a cross-sectional, population-based study","volume":"50","author":"Currow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2015.04.002","article-title":"Obesity and atrial fibrillation: a comprehensive review of the pathophysiological mechanisms and links","volume":"66","author":"Goudis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib67","series-title":"Endotext [internet]","article-title":"Clinical problems caused by obesity","author":"Kyrou","year":"2000"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib68","first-page":"s176","article-title":"Obesity: definition, comorbidities, causes, and burden","volume":"22","author":"Apovian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2011.0014","article-title":"Appropriate values of adiposity and lean body mass indices to detect cardiovascular risk factors in Asian Indians","volume":"13","author":"Joseph","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Therapeut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114519003301","article-title":"A simple cut-off for waist-to-height ratio (0\u00b75) can act as an indicator for cardiometabolic risk: recent data from adults in the Health Survey for England","volume":"123","author":"Gibson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2010.0198","article-title":"Consensus dietary guidelines for healthy living and prevention of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and related disorders in Asian Indians","volume":"13","author":"Misra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Therapeut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12366","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of very-low-energy diets in the management of weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Parretti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes Rev Off J Int Assoc Study Obes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib73","first-page":"426","article-title":"[Effects of high protein diet on anthropometric indices and blood lipid in overweight and obese children: a Meta-analysis]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi","volume":"60","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Pediatr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517001295","article-title":"Effect of high-protein meal replacement on weight and cardiometabolic profile in overweight\/obese Asian Indians in North India","volume":"117","author":"Gulati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2017.e00472","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of high Protein Complete (lActo) VEgetaRian (PACER) diet in non-diabetic obese Asian Indians in North India","volume":"3","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610429","article-title":"Ketogenic diet benefits to weight loss, glycemic control, and lipid profiles in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib77","article-title":"Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"369","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib78","first-page":"117","article-title":"Intermittent fasting and weight loss: systematic review","volume":"66","author":"Welton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician Med Fam Can"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.09.013","article-title":"The effects of isocaloric intermittent fasting vs daily caloric restriction on weight loss and metabolic risk factors for noncommunicable chronic diseases: a systematic review of randomized controlled or comparative trials","volume":"123","author":"Ezzati","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200112000-00026","article-title":"American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Appropriate intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults","volume":"33","author":"Jakicic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib81","first-page":"73","article-title":"Defining the optimal dietary approach for safe, effective and sustainable weight loss in overweight and obese adults","volume":"6","author":"Koliaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Healthc Basel Switz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib82","unstructured":"Google Docs [Internet]. [cited 2023 September 12]. RDA Full Book_27-10-2021_03_33PM.pdf. Available from: https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/u\/0\/d\/1og-NaMrwdsL73WZFRMDBlRzE9xZJkNds\/preview?pli=1&usp=embed_facebook."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2020.110875","article-title":"Impact of calorie restriction on energy metabolism in humans","volume":"133","author":"Most","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.182","article-title":"Protein intake and lean body mass preservation during energy intake restriction in overweight older adults","volume":"40","author":"Backx","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2337\/ds17-0013","article-title":"Role of physical activity for weight loss and weight maintenance","volume":"30","author":"Cox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr Publ Am Diabetes Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00480-5","article-title":"Differential effects of amount, intensity, and mode of exercise training on insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis: a narrative review","volume":"8","author":"Collins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med - Open"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib87","article-title":"Effect of exercise on cardiometabolic health of adults with overweight or obesity: focus on blood pressure, insulin resistance, and intrahepatic fat-A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Battista","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Rev Off J Int Assoc Study Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib88","unstructured":"WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour [Internet]. [cited 2023 September 12]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/9789240015128."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2011.0111","article-title":"Consensus physical activity guidelines for Asian Indians","volume":"14","author":"Misra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Therapeut"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12460","article-title":"Physical activity and obesity: what we know and what we need to know","volume":"17","author":"Chin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes Rev Off J Int Assoc Study Obes."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789X.2003.00101.x","article-title":"How much physical activity is enough to prevent unhealthy weight gain? Outcome of the IASO 1st Stock Conference and consensus statement","volume":"4","author":"Saris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes Rev Off J Int Assoc Study Obes"},{"issue":"10077","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30069-7","article-title":"3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial","volume":"389","author":"le Roux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.024927","article-title":"Two-year sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits with controlled-release phentermine\/topiramate in obese and overweight adults (SEQUEL): a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 extension study","volume":"95","author":"Garvey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.1.155","article-title":"XENical in the prevention of diabetes in obese subjects (XENDOS) study: a randomized study of orlistat as an adjunct to lifestyle changes for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese patients","volume":"27","author":"Torgerson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802982","article-title":"Systematic review of long-term weight loss studies in obese adults: clinical significance and applicability to clinical practice","volume":"29","author":"Douketis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib96","first-page":"CD007654","article-title":"Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in people with hypertension","volume":"3","author":"Siebenhofer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcm044","article-title":"Weight gain as an adverse effect of some commonly prescribed drugs: a systematic review","volume":"100","author":"Leslie","year":"2007","journal-title":"QJM Mon J Assoc Physicians"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.7602","article-title":"Association of pharmacological treatments for obesity with weight loss and adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"315","author":"Khera","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity","volume":"384","author":"Wilding","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity","volume":"387","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.81938","article-title":"Evaluation of efficacy and safety of orlistat in obese patients","volume":"15","author":"Jain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.3.235","article-title":"Weight control and risk factor reduction in obese subjects treated for 2 years with orlistat: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"281","author":"Davidson","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9123","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11509-4","article-title":"Randomised placebo-controlled trial of orlistat for weight loss and prevention of weight regain in obese patients. European Multicentre Orlistat Study Group","volume":"352","author":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-7-201110040-00006","article-title":"Effectiveness of primary care-relevant treatments for obesity in adults: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"155","author":"Leblanc","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.6.1033","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of orlistat therapy in overweight and obese patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Kelley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.7.1123","article-title":"Effect of orlistat in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin","volume":"25","author":"Miles","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.9.2.160","article-title":"Orlistat in the long-term treatment of obesity in primary care settings","volume":"9","author":"Hauptman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Fam Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01710-0","article-title":"Weight loss and maintenance related to the mechanism of action of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists","volume":"38","author":"Ard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.84","article-title":"Liraglutide for weight management: a critical review of the evidence","volume":"3","author":"Mehta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.158","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and sustained weight loss over 2 years with the once-daily human GLP-1 analog, liraglutide","volume":"36","author":"Astrup","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.9676","article-title":"Efficacy of liraglutide for weight loss among patients with type 2 diabetes: the SCALE diabetes randomized clinical trial","volume":"314","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.52","article-title":"Effect of liraglutide 3.0 mg in individuals with obesity and moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea: the SCALE Sleep Apnea randomized clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Blackman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411892","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management","volume":"373","author":"Pi-Sunyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib114","unstructured":"Novo Nordisk [Internet]. [cited 2023 September 13]. News Details. Available from:: https:\/\/www.novonordisk.com\/content\/nncorp\/global\/en\/news-and-media\/news-and-ir-materials\/news-details.html."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0078","article-title":"Effect of subcutaneous tirzepatide vs placebo added to titrated insulin glargine on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS-5 randomized clinical trial","volume":"327","author":"Dahl","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05715-4","article-title":"Management of type 2 diabetes with the dual GIP\/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Karagiannis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"10402","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01200-X","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"402","author":"Garvey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib118","unstructured":"Tirzepatide demonstrated significant and superior weight loss compared to placebo in two pivotal studies | Eli Lilly and Company [Internet Available from]. [cited 2023 September 13] :. https:\/\/investor.lilly.com\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/tirzepatide-demonstrated-significant-and-superior-weight-loss."},{"issue":"10403","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01185-6","article-title":"Oral semaglutide 50 mg taken once per day in adults with overweight or obesity (OASIS 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"402","author":"Knop","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2301972","article-title":"Triple-hormone-receptor agonist retatrutide for obesity - a phase 2 trial","volume":"389","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib121","unstructured":"Boehringer Ingelheim. Multicenter, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Randomized, 48 Weeks, Dose-ranging, Placebo-controlled Phase II Trial to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Multiple Subcutaneous (s.c.) Doses of BI 456906 in Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) and Fibrosis. [Internet]. clinicaltrials.gov; 2023 Sep Report No.: NCT04771273. Available from: [cited 2023 September 11].: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04771273."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib122","unstructured":"A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Finding Study of BI 456906 in People with Overweight\/Obesity [Internet]. [cited 2023 September 12]. Available from:: https:\/\/events.diabetes.org\/sessions\/911\/view."},{"issue":"10403","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01163-7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide 2\u00b74 mg with once-weekly semaglutide 2\u00b74 mg in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"402","author":"Frias","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib124","first-page":"216","article-title":"Weight loss effect of sodium-glucose COTRANSPORTER-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with obesity without diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Pratama","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol Buchar Rom"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1432","article-title":"Benefits and harms of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatments: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Zaccardi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13237","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes in North India: a 12-month prospective study in real-world setting","volume":"72","author":"Ghosh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.706914","article-title":"Sodium-glucose Co-Transporter-2 inhibitors in non-diabetic adults with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12779","article-title":"Dapagliflozin once-daily and exenatide once-weekly dual therapy: a 24-week randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II study examining effects on body weight and prediabetes in obese adults without diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Lundkvist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab408","article-title":"Exenatide, dapagliflozin, or phentermine\/topiramate differentially affect metabolic profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Elkind-Hirsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2427","article-title":"Coadministration of canagliflozin and phentermine for weight management in overweight and obese individuals without diabetes: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Hollander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_185_19","article-title":"Role of metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and orlistat based multidrug therapy in glycemic control, weight loss, and euglycemia in diabesity: a real-world experience","volume":"23","author":"Dutta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-022-06332-1","article-title":"American society of metabolic and bariatric surgery (ASMBS) and international federation for the surgery of obesity and metabolic disorders (IFSO) indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery","volume":"33","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S128","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S008","article-title":"8. Obesity and weight management for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2023","volume":"46","author":"ElSayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-020-04497-1","article-title":"OSSI (obesity and metabolic surgery society of India) guidelines for patient and procedure selection for bariatric and metabolic surgery","volume":"30","author":"Bhasker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib135","unstructured":"Hsu CC, Sandford BA. The Delphi Technique: Making Sense of Consensus. [cited 2023 Dec 17]; Available from:: https:\/\/openpublishing.library.umass.edu\/pare\/article\/id\/1418\/."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E875","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.191707","article-title":"Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline","volume":"192","author":"Wharton","year":"2020","journal-title":"CMAJ Can Med Assoc J J Assoc Medicale Can."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1159\/000442721","article-title":"European guidelines for obesity management in adults","volume":"8","author":"Yumuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib138","first-page":"1","article-title":"AMERICAN association of clinical endocrinologists and AMERICAN college of endocrinology comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for medical care of patients with obesity","volume":"22","author":"Garvey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Pract Off J Am Coll Endocrinol Am Assoc Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib140","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 September 12]. CDC Overweight & Obesity. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/obesity\/index.html."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3827","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113827","article-title":"The effect of weight-loss interventions on cervical and chin subcutaneous fat depots; the CENTRAL randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Tsaban","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9701","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61375-1","article-title":"Effects of liraglutide in the treatment of obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"374","author":"Astrup","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30285-6","article-title":"Effects of liraglutide on weight, satiation, and gastric functions in obesity: a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot trial","volume":"2","author":"Halawi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.120","article-title":"Weight maintenance and additional weight loss with liraglutide after low-calorie-diet-induced weight loss: the SCALE Maintenance randomized study","volume":"37","author":"Wadden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22726","article-title":"Liraglutide 3.0 mg and intensive behavioral therapy (IBT) for obesity in primary care: the SCALE IBT randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Wadden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Silver Spring Md"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1831","article-title":"Effect of subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo as an adjunct to intensive behavioral therapy on body weight in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 3 randomized clinical trial","volume":"325","author":"Wadden","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.23619","article-title":"Effect of weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs daily liraglutide on body weight in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes: the STEP 8 randomized clinical trial","volume":"327","author":"Rubino","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2012.1654","article-title":"Analysis of obesity-related outcomes and bariatric failure rates with the duodenal switch vs gastric bypass for morbid obesity","volume":"147","author":"Nelson","year":"1960","journal-title":"Arch Surg Chic Ill"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9447","article-title":"Outcome of sleeve gastrectomy as a primary bariatric procedure","volume":"101","author":"van Rutte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Surg"}],"container-title":["Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &amp; Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187140212400050X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187140212400050X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T17:32:41Z","timestamp":1741800761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S187140212400050X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":148,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S187140212400050X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-4021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-4021","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Revised definition of obesity in Asian Indians living in India","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.102989","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Research Trust of DiabetesIndia (DiabetesIndia) and National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC). Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102989"}}