{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T11:20:00Z","timestamp":1793272800050,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Jilin Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YDZJ202601ZYTS497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202601ZYTS497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:52:20Z","timestamp":1790135540000},"page":"103486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Global, Regional and National burden of dementia attributable to metabolic dysregulation from 1990 to 2021, with projections of burden to 2050: An analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kaichen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meijin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongxu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijing","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7008-1323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.07.150","article-title":"The worldwide costs of dementia 2015 and comparisons with 2010","volume":"13","author":"Wimo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","article-title":"Dementia Forecasting Collaborators. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"10452","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission","volume":"404","author":"Livingston","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-068005","article-title":"Association between age at onset of multimorbidity and incidence of dementia: 30 year follow-up in civil service departments in London (Whitehall II study)","volume":"376","author":"Ben Hassen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib5","first-page":"789","article-title":"The link between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic targets","volume":"66","author":"Goncalves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.185","article-title":"Brain insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease: concepts and conundrums","volume":"14","author":"Arnold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.07.030","article-title":"The neurovascular unit coming of Age: a journey through neurovascular coupling in health and disease","volume":"96","author":"Iadecola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib8","article-title":"Obesity-associated neuroinflammation and the blood-brain barrier","volume":"35","author":"Dye","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2172","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207876","article-title":"Low- and high-density Lipoprotein cholesterol and dementia risk over 17 years of Follow-up among members of a large health care plan","volume":"101","author":"Ferguson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib10","first-page":"1201","article-title":"High-density lipoprotein subclasses and risk of dementia: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"20","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.06.2637","article-title":"Obesity trajectories and risk of dementia: 28 years of follow-up in the Whitehall II Study","volume":"14","author":"Singh-Manoux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230623","article-title":"Genetic insights into the risk of Metabolic syndrome and its components on dementia: a Mendelian randomization","volume":"96","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054354","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease: a focus on insulin resistance","volume":"24","author":"Ezkurdia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"10440","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8","volume":"403","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10440","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4","article-title":"Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib17","unstructured":"Das Gupta P. Standardization and decomposition of rates: a user's manual. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census; 1993. Current Population Reports, Series P23-186."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v027.i03","article-title":"Automatic time series forecasting: the forecast package for R","volume":"27","author":"Hyndman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Stat Software"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201500263","article-title":"Projecting the future burden of cancer: bayesian age-period-cohort analysis with integrated nested Laplace approximations","volume":"59","author":"Riebler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biom J"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using mendelian randomization: the STROBE-MR statement","volume":"326","author":"Skrivankova","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr036","article-title":"Avoiding bias from weak instruments in Mendelian randomization studies","volume":"40","author":"Burgess","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","article-title":"Consistent estimation in Mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator","volume":"40","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx102","article-title":"Robust inference in summary data Mendelian randomization via the zero modal pleiotropy assumption","volume":"46","author":"Hartwig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-021-00757-1","article-title":"Mendelian randomisation for mediation analysis: current methods and challenges for implementation","volume":"36","author":"Carter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7944","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8","article-title":"FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population","volume":"613","author":"Kurki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102848","article-title":"Burden of disease attributable to high body mass index: an analysis of data from the Global burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"76","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0312-z","article-title":"Perivascular spaces in the brain: anatomy, physiology and pathology","volume":"16","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.21442","article-title":"Effect of intensive vs standard blood pressure control on probable dementia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"321","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486_bib29","first-page":"129","article-title":"HDL from an Alzheimer's disease perspective: the importance of functional quality","volume":"125","author":"Button","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"}],"container-title":["Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187140212600113X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187140212600113X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T20:53:41Z","timestamp":1791060821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S187140212600113X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S187140212600113X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-4021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-4021","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Global, Regional and National burden of dementia attributable to metabolic dysregulation from 1990 to 2021, with projections of burden to 2050: An analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2026.103486","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Research Trust of DiabetesIndia (DiabetesIndia) and National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103486"}}