{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T02:29:56Z","timestamp":1775183396648,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":["earlyhumandevelopment.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Early Human Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T00:15:35Z","timestamp":1377130535000},"page":"S7-S11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"S3","title":["Viral bronchiolitis in children: A common condition with few therapeutic options"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Nicolai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Schiavariello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.E.","family":"Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Alessandroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Midulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0005","first-page":"2","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus: a continuing culprit and conundrum","volume":"135","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.1.e45","article-title":"Bronchiolitis management preferences and the influence of pulse oximetry and respiratory rate on the decision to admit","volume":"111","author":"Mallory","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69077-6","article-title":"Bronchiolitis","volume":"368","author":"Smyth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000143642.72480.53","article-title":"Rhinovirus-associated wheezing in infancy: comparison with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis","volume":"23","author":"Korppi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2009.10.001","article-title":"Acute viral bronchiolitis in children \u2014 a very common condition with few therapeutic options","volume":"11","author":"Wainwright","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0030","first-page":"412","article-title":"The efficacy of nebulized metaproterenol in wheezing infants and young children","volume":"146","author":"Alario","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.93.6.907","article-title":"Efficacy of albuterol in the management of bronchiolitis","volume":"93","author":"Gadomski","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.7.634","article-title":"Randomized double blind placebo controlled trial of prednisolone in children admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis","volume":"52","author":"van Woensel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022226","article-title":"A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of nebulized epinephrine in infants with acute bronchiolitis","volume":"349","author":"Wainwright","year":"2003","journal-title":"New Eng J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2282","article-title":"Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease in infants with syncytial virus bronchiolitis","volume":"131","author":"Boogaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/1721727X0900700307","article-title":"Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease treatment in hospital management of infants with moderate\u2013severe bronchiolitis","volume":"7","author":"Nenna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Inflamm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0060","first-page":"CD006458","article-title":"Nebulized hypertonic solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants (review)","volume":"8","author":"Zang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0065","series-title":"Bronchiolitis Pediatric Evidence-Based Care Guidelines","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bronchiolitis Guideline Team, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Evidence-based care guidelines for management of bronchiolitis in infants 1year of age or less with a first time episode","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-301579","article-title":"Current therapy for bronchiolitis","volume":"97","author":"Nagakumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2003.12.012","article-title":"Human metapneumovirus as a causative agent of acute bronchiolitis in infants","volume":"30","author":"Xepapadaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.05.010","article-title":"Human Bocavirus quantitative DNA detection in French children hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis","volume":"43","author":"Jacques","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.153361","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus, human bocavirus and rhinovirus bronchiolitis in infants","volume":"95","author":"Midulla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200112-118BC","article-title":"Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis","volume":"165","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.01.009","article-title":"Does respiratory syncytial virus subtype influences the severity of acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants?","volume":"98","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1086\/426457","article-title":"Dual infection of infants by human metapneumovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus is strongly associated with severe bronchiolitis","volume":"191","author":"Semple","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20456","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical characteristics of human metapneumovirus infections in hospitalized infants in Spain","volume":"41","author":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4596","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004596","article-title":"In very young infants severity of acute bronchiolitis depends on carried viruses","volume":"4","author":"Marguet","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21026","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized infants: association between viral load, virus subgroup, and disease severity","volume":"79","author":"Fodha","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.10.018","article-title":"Correlation of viral load as determined by real-time RT-PCR and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections in early infancy","volume":"41","author":"Gerna","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02181.x","article-title":"Incidence and predisposing factors for severe disease in previously healthy term infants experiencing their first episode of bronchiolitis","volume":"100","author":"Papoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000116759.21252.29","article-title":"Concurrent serious bacterial infections in 912 infants and children hospitalized for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection","volume":"23","author":"Purcell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2092","article-title":"Bronchiolitis: recent evidence on diagnosis andmanagement","volume":"125","author":"Zorc","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e3283425442","article-title":"Update on management of bronchiolitis","volume":"23","author":"Schuh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0145","series-title":"Kendig's Disorder of the Respiratory Tract in Children","first-page":"473","article-title":"Bronchiolitis","author":"Whol","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0150","first-page":"12","article-title":"Bronchiolitis: The New American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines","volume":"19","author":"Corsello","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Chem"},{"issue":"84","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.15.84.219","article-title":"Proliferative mural bronchiolitis","volume":"15","author":"Engel","year":"1940","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0160","first-page":"6","article-title":"Evidence based guideline for the management of bronchiolitis","volume":"37","author":"Turner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1299","article-title":"Variation in inpatient diagnostic testing and management of bronchiolitis","volume":"115","author":"Christakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02431.x","article-title":"The chest radiograph in acute bronchiolitis","volume":"26","author":"Dawson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0175","first-page":"CD001266","article-title":"Bronchodilators for bronchiolitis","volume":"12","author":"Gadomski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0180","first-page":"CD003123","article-title":"Epinephrine for bronchiolitis","volume":"6","author":"Hartling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1978.118.4.759","article-title":"State of the art: bronchiolitis","volume":"118","author":"Wohl","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.2.127","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatment of bronchiolitis in infants and children: a systematic review","volume":"158","author":"King","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0900544","article-title":"Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC). Epinephrine and Dexamethasone in children with bronchiolitis","volume":"360","author":"Plint","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0200","first-page":"CD006458","article-title":"Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0205","first-page":"CD004878","article-title":"Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children","volume":"10","author":"Fernandes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0210","first-page":"CD004881","article-title":"WITHDRAWN: Inhaled corticosteroids during acute bronchiolitis in the prevention of post-bronchiolitis wheezing","volume":"1","author":"Blom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.11.003","article-title":"Prednisolone reduces recurrent wheezing after a first wheezing episode associated with rhinovirus infection or eczema","volume":"119","author":"Lehtinen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0220","first-page":"CD005189","article-title":"Antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children","volume":"6","author":"Spurling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.048397","article-title":"High incidence of pulmonary bacterial co-infection in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis","volume":"61","author":"Thorburn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0230","first-page":"CD000181","article-title":"Ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants and young children","volume":"1","author":"Ventre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.068825","article-title":"Are methylxanthines effective in preventing or reducing apnoeic spells in infants with bronchiolitis?","volume":"90","author":"Ramesh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200603-435PP","article-title":"Bronchiolitis to asthma: a review and call for studies of gene\u2013virus interactions in asthma causation","volume":"175","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000226912.88900.a3","article-title":"Role of respiratory viruses in acute upper and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life","volume":"25","author":"Kusel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32831f8f1b","article-title":"Rhinovirus and the initiation of asthma","volume":"9","author":"Gern","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0255","first-page":"L1006","article-title":"Human respiratory syncytial virus affects nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibition in cotton rat airways","volume":"268","author":"Colasurdo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0260","first-page":"L831","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus upregulates expression of the substance P receptor in rat lungs","volume":"277","author":"Piedimonte","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)76769-6","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus and wheeze","volume":"354","author":"Smyth","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3283","article-title":"Cytokine profiles in the respiratory tract during primary infection with Human Metapneumovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, or Influenza Virus in infants","volume":"120","author":"Melendi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.002","article-title":"Bidirectional interactions between viral respiratory illnesses and cytokine responses in the first year of life","volume":"117","author":"Gern","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32834487c6","article-title":"Role of innate immunity in the development of allergy and asthma","volume":"11","author":"Sly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e328342309d","article-title":"The early origins of asthma: who is really at risk?","volume":"11","author":"Sly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.01.024","article-title":"Do early-life viral infections cause asthma?","volume":"125","author":"Sly","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.03.003","article-title":"The many faces of the hygiene hypothesis","volume":"117","author":"Schaub","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S170","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000187273.47390.01","article-title":"Viral infections, cytokine dysregulation and the origins of childhood asthma and allergic diseases","volume":"24","author":"Friedlander","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.02.010","article-title":"Determinants of asthma after severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis","volume":"130","author":"Castro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.1947.x","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to wheeze following respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis","volume":"34","author":"Goetghebuer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1086\/520886","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is predominantly associated with innate immune genes","volume":"196","author":"Janssen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.121582","article-title":"Asthma and allergy patterns over 18years after severe RSV bronchiolitis in the first year of life","volume":"65","author":"Sigurs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.06.024","article-title":"Rhinovirus illnesses during infancy predict subsequent childhood wheezing","volume":"116","author":"Lemanske","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.06.037","article-title":"Decreased lung function after preschool wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in children at risk to develop asthma","volume":"128","author":"Guilbert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201104-0660OC","article-title":"Evidence for a causal relationship between allergic sensitization and rhinovirus wheezing in early life","volume":"185","author":"Jackson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2007.02340.x","article-title":"Adult asthma after non-respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy: subgroup analysis of the 20-year prospective follow-up study","volume":"49","author":"Piippo-Savolainen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31815922c8","article-title":"Swiss Paediatric Respiratory Research Group. Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections with cough in infancy: a community-based birth cohort study","volume":"27","author":"Regamey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000226912.88900.a3","article-title":"Role of respiratory viruses in acute upper and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life: a birth cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Kusel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200802-309OC","article-title":"Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children","volume":"178","author":"Jackson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.33","article-title":"Rhinovirus-induced wheezing in infancy\u2014the first sign of childhood asthma?","volume":"111","author":"Kotaniemi-Syrj\u00e4nen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00188210","article-title":"Rhinovirus bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing: 1-year follow-up","volume":"39","author":"Midulla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"Suppl. 15","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.13.s.15.8.x","article-title":"The Childhood Origins of Asthma (COAST) Study","volume":"13","author":"Lemanske","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.12.669","article-title":"Early-life respiratory viral infections, atopic sensitization, and risk of subsequent development of persistent asthma","volume":"119","author":"Kusel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02022.x","article-title":"Recurrent wheezing after respiratory syncytial virus or non-respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy: a 3-year follow-up","volume":"64","author":"Valkonen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.5.9906076","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma and allergy at age 7","volume":"161","author":"Sigurs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.07.010","article-title":"Cytokine response after severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in early life","volume":"122","author":"Castro","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13131.x","article-title":"Bronchial asthma after early childhood wheezing: a follow-up until 4.5\u20136years of age","volume":"83","author":"Kuikka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12076.x","article-title":"Characteristics and prognosis of hospital-treated obstructive bronchitis in children aged less than two years","volume":"81","author":"Wennergren","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.2002.02091.x","article-title":"Wheezing requiring hospitalization in early childhood: predictive factors for asthma in a six-year follow-up","volume":"13","author":"Kotaniemi-Syrjanen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Paediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2008.02620.x","article-title":"Wheezing due to rhinovirus infection in infancy: bronchial hyperresponsiveness at school age","volume":"50","author":"Kotaniemi-Syrj\u00e4nen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.4.328","article-title":"A defective type 1 response to rhinovirus in atopic asthma","volume":"57","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.9","article-title":"Association of rhinovirus infections with asthma","volume":"12","author":"Gern","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118514","article-title":"Interleukin-11: stimulation in vivo and in vitro by respiratory viruses and induction of airways hyperresponsiveness","volume":"97","author":"Einarsson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.6.2003019","article-title":"Relationship of upper and lower airway cytokines to outcome of experimental rhinovirus infection","volume":"162","author":"Gern","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Early Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378378213001631?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378378213001631?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T13:59:08Z","timestamp":1646402348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378378213001631"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["S0378378213001631"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-3782"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-3782","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Viral bronchiolitis in children: A common condition with few therapeutic options","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Early Human Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}