{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:31:54Z","timestamp":1777599114184,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["earlyhumandevelopment.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Early Human Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]],"date-time":"2015-02-03T11:16:17Z","timestamp":1422962177000},"page":"169-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Deficient maternal zinc intake\u2014but not folate\u2014is associated with lower fetal heart rate variability"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Marisa N.","family":"Spann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Smerling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Gustafsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Foss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Altemus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Monk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.2.614S","article-title":"Nutrition and the developing brain: nutrient priorities and measurement","volume":"85","author":"Georgieff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5 Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1473S","article-title":"The evidence linking zinc deficiency with children's cognitive and motor functioning","volume":"133","author":"Black","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.02.001","article-title":"Fetal origins of mental health: evidence and mechanisms","volume":"23","author":"Schlotz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1363","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1995.0173","article-title":"The Wellcome Foundation Lecture, 1994. The fetal origins of adult disease","volume":"262","author":"Barker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26811F","article-title":"Is maternal diet supplementation beneficial? Optimal development of infant depends on mother's diet","volume":"89","author":"Zeisel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2008.00152.x","article-title":"Habitual micronutrient intake during and after pregnancy in Caucasian Londoners","volume":"5","author":"Derbyshire","year":"2009","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2007.00081.x","article-title":"Nutritional status in pregnant adolescents: a systematic review of biochemical markers","volume":"3","author":"Moran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/39.4.535","article-title":"Effect of oral folic acid supplements on zinc, copper, and iron absorption and excretion","volume":"39","author":"Milne","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/50.2.353","article-title":"Folic acid safety and toxicity: a brief review","volume":"50","author":"Butterworth","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5S Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.5.1471S","article-title":"Importance of zinc in the central nervous system: the zinc-containing neuron","volume":"130","author":"Frederickson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"8 Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.suppl_8.2263S","article-title":"Developmental zinc deficiency and behavior","volume":"125","author":"Golub","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"2S Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.2.496S","article-title":"History of zinc as related to brain function","volume":"130","author":"Sandstead","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530060037030","article-title":"The effect of zinc supplementation on pregnancy outcome","volume":"274","author":"Goldenberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0070","first-page":"87","article-title":"Annex: maternal anthropometry as a risk predictor of pregnancy outcome: the nutrition CRSP in Egypt","volume":"73","author":"Kirksey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.4.657","article-title":"Determinants of pregnancy outcome and newborn behavior of a semirural Egyptian population","volume":"54","author":"Kirksey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26811D","article-title":"Importance of methyl donors during reproduction","volume":"89","author":"Zeisel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0085","first-page":"298","article-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes, Report 2 - Vitamins B-1, B-2, B-6, B-12, niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin, choline","volume":"45","author":"Fankhanel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ernahrungs-Umschau"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20105","article-title":"Maternal folate deficiency results in selective upregulation of folate receptors and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-E1 associated with multiple subtle aberrations in fetal tissues","volume":"73","author":"Xiao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20111","article-title":"Behavioral effects of prenatal folate deficiency in mice","volume":"73","author":"Ferguson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509991954","article-title":"Maternal folic acid supplement use in early pregnancy and child behavioural problems: the Generation R Study","volume":"103","author":"Roza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02182.x","article-title":"Lower maternal folate status in early pregnancy is associated with childhood hyperactivity and peer problems in offspring","volume":"51","author":"Schlotz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.40.3.445","article-title":"Fetal neurobehavioral development: a tale of two cities","volume":"40","author":"DiPietro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.688","article-title":"The early development of the autonomic nervous system provides a neural platform for social behavior: a polyvagal perspective","volume":"20","author":"Porges","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infant Child Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(98)00102-9","article-title":"Fetal heart rate variability and complexity in the course of pregnancy","volume":"54","author":"Van Leeuwen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(94)90037-X","article-title":"The relationship between age-related heart-rate changes and developing brain-function\u2014 a model of anencephalic human fetuses in-utero","volume":"36","author":"Yoshizato","year":"1994","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2302(199807)33:1<79::AID-DEV7>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Fetal neurobehavioral development: associations with socioeconomic class and fetal sex","volume":"33","author":"DiPietro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1978.tb15819.x","article-title":"Patterns of fetal heart rate during normal pregnancy","volume":"85","author":"Wheeler","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2302(2000)37:4<221::AID-DEV2>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Antenatal origins of individual differences in heart rate","volume":"37","author":"DiPietro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.01099.x","article-title":"Fetal heart rate and variability: stability and prediction to developmental outcomes in early childhood","volume":"78","author":"DiPietro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70236-X","article-title":"Adding zinc to prenatal iron and folate tablets improves fetal neurobehavioral development","volume":"180","author":"Merialdi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.09.072","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of prenatal zinc supplementation and the development of fetal heart rate","volume":"190","author":"Merialdi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2010.10.003","article-title":"Tissue-specific distribution of aberrant DNA methylation associated with maternal low-folate status in human neural tube defects","volume":"22","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.1.188","article-title":"Maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency and low dietary folate lead to adverse reproductive outcomes and congenital heart defects in mice","volume":"82","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0170","first-page":"102","article-title":"Adolescent pregnancy trends and demographics","volume":"1","author":"Darroch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Womens Health Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.04.016","article-title":"The Automated Self-Administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24): a resource for researchers, clinicians, and educators from the National Cancer Institute","volume":"112","author":"Subar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7101(90)90032-P","article-title":"Criteria for the design of fetal heart rate analysis systems","volume":"25","author":"Dawes","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.109.080952","article-title":"Animal models to study environmental epigenetics","volume":"82","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02783866","article-title":"Regional distribution of metallothionein, zinc, and copper in the brain of different strains of rats","volume":"69","author":"Ono","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36185-9","article-title":"Pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase from human jejunal brush-borders\u2014purification and characterization","volume":"261","author":"Chandler","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665199000580","article-title":"Folate and vitamin B12","volume":"58","author":"Scott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19920032","article-title":"Folate\u2013vitamin B12 interrelationships in the central nervous system","volume":"51","author":"Scott","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.000992","article-title":"Folate and DNA methylation: a review of molecular mechanisms and the evidence for folate's role","volume":"3","author":"Crider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022385607731","article-title":"Validity of a food frequency questionnaire in assessing nutrient intakes of low-income pregnant women","volume":"3","author":"Wei","year":"1999","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1488","article-title":"Trends in physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet, and BMI among US adolescents, 2001-2009","volume":"132","author":"Iannotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2008.01.004","article-title":"Prenatal origins of temperamental reactivity in early infancy","volume":"84","author":"DiPietro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327078IN0304_04","article-title":"Prenatal cardiac function and postnatal cognitive development: an exploratory study","volume":"3","author":"Bornstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infancy"}],"container-title":["Early Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378378215000201?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378378215000201?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]],"date-time":"2025-05-18T07:22:59Z","timestamp":1747552979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378378215000201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0378378215000201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-3782"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-3782","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Deficient maternal zinc intake\u2014but not folate\u2014is associated with lower fetal heart rate variability","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Early Human Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}