{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T22:13:08Z","timestamp":1781993588602,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002380","name":"Hanyang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HY- 201300000003207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HY- 201300000003207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002380","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","earlyhumandevelopment.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Early Human Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T08:06:49Z","timestamp":1452499609000},"page":"47-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sex-related differences in the development of fetal heart rate dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Kyu Nam","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Sun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Kyu","family":"Hoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1986.tb03414.x","article-title":"Biological basis of the sex differential in longevity","volume":"34","author":"Hazzard","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000174652","article-title":"Gender difference in the risk factors for sudden cardiac death","volume":"77","author":"Dahlberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.00022.x","article-title":"Gender aspects of preterm birth","volume":"110","author":"Ingemarsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994668","article-title":"Fetal gender differences in preterm birth: findings in a north American cohort","volume":"9","author":"McGregor","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.10.703","article-title":"Fetal sex and indicated very preterm birth: results of the EPIPAGE study","volume":"190","author":"Zeitlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2008.07.030","article-title":"Examination of the association between male gender and preterm delivery","volume":"141","author":"Brettell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1983.tb00968.x","article-title":"Sex ratio in spontaneous abortions","volume":"47","author":"Hassold","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1159\/000077967","article-title":"Gender does matter in perinatal medicine","volume":"19","author":"Sheiner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2738","article-title":"Is fetal cardiac function gender dependent?","volume":"31","author":"Clur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.12.001","article-title":"Linear and complex heart rate dynamics vary with sex in relation to fetal behavioural states","volume":"84","author":"Bernardes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.03.010","article-title":"Fetal heart rate after vibroacoustic stimulation","volume":"106","author":"Hoh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(01)00423-4","article-title":"Computerized analysis of fetal heart rate parameters by gestational age","volume":"74","author":"Park","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1063\/1.166092","article-title":"Approximate entropy (ApEn) as a complexity measure","volume":"5","author":"Pincus","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0070","first-page":"249","article-title":"Approximate entropy: a regularity measure for fetal heart rate analysis","volume":"79","author":"Pincus","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2039","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.6.H2039","article-title":"Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy","volume":"278","author":"Richmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2010.04.018","article-title":"Analysis of heart rate variability in a rat model of induced pulmonary hypertension","volume":"32","author":"Goncalves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2007.044","article-title":"Chaotic indices and canonical ensemble of heart rate patterns in small-for-gestational age fetuses","volume":"35","author":"Hoh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(83)90298-1","article-title":"Measuring the strangeness of strange attractors","volume":"9","author":"Grassberger","year":"1983","journal-title":"Phys D"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2012.08.006","article-title":"Comparison of fetal heart rate patterns using nonlinear dynamics in breech versus cephalic presentation at term","volume":"89","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0100","first-page":"R1078","article-title":"Age-related alterations in the fractal scaling of cardiac interbeat interval dynamics","volume":"271","author":"Iyengar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(00)00314-6","article-title":"Alterations in irregular and fractal heart rate behavior in growth restricted fetuses","volume":"94","author":"Yum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0253","article-title":"Altered heart rhythm dynamics in very low birth weight infants with impending intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"123","author":"Tuzcu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1159\/000109266","article-title":"Detrended fluctuation analysis of heart rate variability in normal and growth-restricted fetuses","volume":"65","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1159\/000314907","article-title":"Conventional linear criteria with sample entropy in the interpretation of reactive antepartum fetal heart rate tracings","volume":"28","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181841395","article-title":"The 2008 national institute of child health and human development workshop report on electronic fetal monitoring: update on definitions, interpretation, and research guidelines","volume":"112","author":"Macones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2009.01150.x","article-title":"Difference of fetal heart rate accelerations based on 10 and 15 beats per minute","volume":"36","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-199011000-00017","article-title":"The development of fetal heart rate pattern during normal pregnancy","volume":"76","author":"Pillai","year":"1990","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2009.08.001","article-title":"Maturation of the human fetal startle response: evidence for sex-specific maturation of the human fetus","volume":"85","author":"Buss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2011.01132.x","article-title":"Sex differences in fetal habituation","volume":"15","author":"Hepper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.205","article-title":"Effect of fetal gender on first-trimester ductus venosus blood flow","volume":"22","author":"Prefumo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70172-9","article-title":"Fetal heart rate patterns in term labor vary with sex, gestational age, epidural analgesia, and fetal weight","volume":"180","author":"Dawes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(98)00083-8","article-title":"Behavioral state affects heart rate response to lowintensity sound in human fetuses","volume":"54","author":"Groome","year":"1999","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(69)80224-6","article-title":"Intrauterine growth of live-born Caucasian infants at sea level: standards obtained from measurements in 7 dimensions of infants born between 25 and 44weeks of gestation","volume":"74","author":"McLean","year":"1969","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10011.x","article-title":"Gender does not affect fetal heart rate variation","volume":"105","author":"Ogueh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02344729","article-title":"Influence of gestational age, heart rate, gender and time of day on fetal heart rate variability","volume":"43","author":"Lange","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2302(199807)33:1<79::AID-DEV7>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Fetal neurobehavioral development: associations with socioeconomic class and fetal sex","volume":"33","author":"DiPietro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0920345","article-title":"Complementary and non-coincident increases in heart rate variability and irregularity during fetal development","volume":"92","author":"Fleisher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(96)00106-8","article-title":"Excess males in preterm birth: interactions with gestational age, race, and multiple birth","volume":"88","author":"Cooperstock","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10414.x","article-title":"Plasma catecholamine levels in preterm infants. Effect of birth asphyxia and apgar score","volume":"76","author":"Greenough","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.07.009","article-title":"Is there a viability-vulnerability tradeoff? Sex differences in fetal programming","volume":"75","author":"Sandman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandman CA, Cordova CJ, Davis EP, Glynn LM, Buss C. Patterns of fetal heart rate response at \u223c30weeks gestation predict size at birth. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2011;2:212-7.","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174411000250"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(98)00046-2","article-title":"Chaotic and periodic heart rate dynamics in uncomplicated intrauterine growth restricted fetuses","volume":"53","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.01.001","article-title":"Gender-specific heart rate dynamics in severe intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses","volume":"89","author":"Goncalves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"}],"container-title":["Early Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378378215301109?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378378215301109?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T10:49:51Z","timestamp":1567507791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378378215301109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0378378215301109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-3782"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-3782","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sex-related differences in the development of fetal heart rate dynamics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Early Human Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.12.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}