{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T04:37:29Z","timestamp":1775191049226,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001069","name":"Women and Infants Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Early Human Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,22]],"date-time":"2020-08-22T10:39:26Z","timestamp":1598092766000},"page":"105165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Difficulties in developmental follow-up of preterm neonates in a randomised-controlled trial of Bifidobacterium breve M16-V \u2014 Experience from Western Australia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.F.","family":"Pestell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Granich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.A.","family":"Wray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.J.O.","family":"Whitehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Patole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1159\/000358474","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"110","author":"Neu","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Rev. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.6.583","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low-birth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review of observational studies","volume":"161","author":"Schulzke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.08.028","article-title":"Pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis: modeling the innate immune response","volume":"185","author":"Tanner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.10.014","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a review of pathogenesis and pathophysiology","volume":"132","author":"Kalikkot Thekkeveedu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.02.033","article-title":"Adverse neurodevelopment in preterm infants with postnatal sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis is mediated by white matter abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging at term","volume":"153","author":"Shah","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017776","article-title":"The mechanism of excessive intestinal inflammation in necrotizing enterocolitis: an immature innate immune response","volume":"6","author":"Nanthakumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2018.09.013","article-title":"An update on pulmonary and neurodevelopmental outcomes of bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"42","author":"Cheong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0040","series-title":"Report of a Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Consultation on Evaluation of Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0045","first-page":"Cd005496","article-title":"Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants","author":"AlFaleh","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1301","article-title":"Updated meta-analysis of probiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates","volume":"125","author":"Deshpande","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"e1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.04.029","article-title":"Prophylactic use of Lactobacillus acidophilus\/Bifidobacterium infantis probiotics and outcome in very low birth weight infants","volume":"165","author":"Hartel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.192","article-title":"Probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis) prevent NEC in VLBW infants fed breast milk but not formula [corrected]","volume":"77","author":"Repa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.234","article-title":"Nutritional outcomes with implementation of probiotics in preterm infants","volume":"35","author":"Dang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.11.025","article-title":"Cohort study of probiotics in a North American neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"164","author":"Janvier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181344694","article-title":"Probiotics for necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Barclay","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.1.6.13610","article-title":"Current level of consensus on probiotic science\u2014report of an expert meeting\u2014London, 23 November 2009","volume":"1","author":"Rowland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.2029","article-title":"Probiotic intervention has strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults","volume":"14","author":"Kekkonen","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0090","first-page":"65","article-title":"Short- and long-term effects of probiotics administered early in life","volume":"68","author":"Szajewska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nestle Nutr. Workshop Ser. Pediatr. Program"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.171","article-title":"Impact of nutrition on brain development and its neuroprotective implications following preterm birth","volume":"77","author":"Keunen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aambs.2015.02.001","article-title":"Microbiota regulation of the mammalian gut-brain axis","volume":"91","author":"Burokas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1311981","article-title":"Do oral probiotics affect growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in very low-birth-weight preterm infants?","volume":"29","author":"Sari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089511","article-title":"Effect of Bifidobacterium breve M-16V supplementation on fecal bifidobacteria in preterm neonates--a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Patole","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02063-08","article-title":"Isolation of bifidobacteria from breast milk and assessment of the bifidobacterial population by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative real-time PCR","volume":"75","author":"Mart\u00edn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.3390\/ph5060629","article-title":"Influence of maternal bifidobacteria on the development of gut bifidobacteria in infants","volume":"5","author":"Mikami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4506","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.10.4506-4512.1999","article-title":"Distribution of bifidobacterial species in human intestinal microflora examined with 16S rRNA-gene-targeted species-specific primers","volume":"65","author":"Matsuki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01108","article-title":"A systematic approach to identify and characterize the effectiveness and safety of novel probiotic strains to control foodborne pathogens","volume":"10","author":"Ayala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0135","first-page":"25","article-title":"Beneficial characteristics and evaluation criteria of probiotics","volume":"1","author":"Kesen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0140","article-title":"Selection criteria for probiotics: a review","volume":"9","author":"Shewale","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Probiotics & Prebiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607117722749","article-title":"Bifidobacterium breve M-16V as a probiotic for preterm infants: a strain-specific systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Athalye-Jape","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0150","series-title":"Mullen Scales of Early Learning: AGS Circle Pines, MN","author":"Mullen","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200405000-00008","article-title":"The developmental, dimensional and diagnostic interview (3di): a novel computerized assessment for autism spectrum disorders","volume":"43","author":"Skuse","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0160","series-title":"Clinical and Interpretive Manual","author":"Korkman","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0165","series-title":"The Children\u2019s Communication Checklist, Version 2 (CCC-2). 2003","author":"Bishop","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0170","series-title":"Social Responsive Scale (SRS) Manual","author":"Constantino","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0175","series-title":"Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales\u2013Second Edition (Vineland\u2013II)","author":"Sparrow","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200002000-00002","article-title":"Reciprocal social behavior in children with and without pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"21","author":"Constantino","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2393","article-title":"Multiple imputation for missing data in epidemiological and clinical research: potential and pitfalls","volume":"338","author":"Sterne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0190","first-page":"30","article-title":"Challenges of neurodevelopmental follow-up programs for extremely preterm infants at 2 years","volume":"58","author":"Orton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3102","article-title":"Developmental disability at school age and difficulty obtaining follow-up data","volume":"141","author":"Doyle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2001.00621.x","article-title":"Children followed with difficulty: how do they differ?","volume":"37","author":"Callanan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.51","article-title":"A possible link between early probiotic intervention and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders later in childhood: a randomized trial","volume":"77","author":"Partty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000256","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2018-000256","article-title":"Probiotics and the development of very low birthweight infants: follow-up study of a randomised trial","volume":"2","author":"Totsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2017-000176","article-title":"Probiotics, prematurity and neurodevelopment: follow-up of a randomised trial","volume":"1","author":"Jacobs","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr. Open."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0211-9","article-title":"Effect of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on neurodevelopment in preterm very low birth weight infants: findings from a meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12049","article-title":"Does the Bayley-III Motor Scale at 2 years predict motor outcome at 4 years in very preterm children?","volume":"55","author":"Spittle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1258","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3039","article-title":"Bayley-III Cognitive and Language Scales in preterm children","volume":"135","author":"Spencer-Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820802708098","article-title":"Adult psychosocial outcomes of children with specific language impairment, pragmatic language impairment and autism","volume":"44","author":"Whitehouse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2011.00398.x","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory properties of intestinal Bifidobacterium strains isolated from healthy infants","volume":"56","author":"Khokhlova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2011.11","article-title":"Effects of Bifidobacterium breve on inflammatory gene expression in neonatal and weaning rat intestine","volume":"71","author":"Ohtsuka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-181763","article-title":"Effect of probiotics on C-reactive protein levels in preterm infants: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Agrawal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neonatal-Perinatal Med."}],"container-title":["Early Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378378220302954?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378378220302954?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T01:59:34Z","timestamp":1759888774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378378220302954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0378378220302954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-3782"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-3782","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Difficulties in developmental follow-up of preterm neonates in a randomised-controlled trial of Bifidobacterium breve M16-V \u2014 Experience from Western Australia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Early Human Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105165","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105165"}}