{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:08:20Z","timestamp":1789171700083,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Early Human Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T23:34:08Z","timestamp":1779492848000},"page":"106587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["2D:4D ratio, affective lability, and impulsivity in men with cannabinoid and methamphetamine use disorders: A comparative analysis with healthy controls"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"221","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8628-2760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veysel","family":"Do\u011fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6k\u00e7e Kavak","family":"Sinano\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2003.12.002","article-title":"2nd to 4th digit ratios, fetal testosterone and estradiol","volume":"77","author":"Lutchmaya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3000","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.11.3000","article-title":"The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone","volume":"13","author":"Manning","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.21054","article-title":"Meta-analysis of digit ratio 2D:4D shows greater sex difference in the right hand","volume":"22","author":"H\u00f6nekopp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/135765000396744","article-title":"The 2nd:4th digit ratio and asymmetry of hand performance in Jamaican children","volume":"5","author":"Manning","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laterality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00009","article-title":"Digit ratio (2D:4D): a biomarker for prenatal sex steroids and adult sex steroids in challenge situations","volume":"5","author":"Manning","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0030","first-page":"CM01","article-title":"2D:4D ratio and its implications in medicine","volume":"10","author":"Jeevanandam","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0035","first-page":"96","article-title":"Prenatal and adult androgen activities in alcohol dependence","volume":"136","author":"Lenz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.05.027","article-title":"Fetal programming effects of testosterone on the reward system and behavioral approach tendencies in humans","volume":"72","author":"Lombardo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0045","article-title":"Patterns of polysubstance use and clinical comorbidity among persons seeking substance use treatment: an observational study","volume":"146","author":"Ellis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Subst. Use Addict. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.05.001","article-title":"Co-occurrence between mental distress and poly-drug use: a ten-year prospective study of patients from substance abuse treatment","volume":"48","author":"Burdzovic Andreas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.016","article-title":"One-year sobriety improves satisfaction with life, executive functions and psychological distress among patients with polysubstance use disorder","volume":"76","author":"Hagen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-019-02002-2","article-title":"Digit ratio (2D:4D) in relation to substance and computer use: a meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"Siegmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.12.004","article-title":"2D:4D-ratios among individuals with amphetamine use disorder, antisocial personality disorder and with both amphetamine use disorder and antisocial personality disorder","volume":"170","author":"Hashemian","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2022.20.4.694","article-title":"The ratio of second and fourth digit length: a biomarker for methamphetamine dependence?","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2023.105799","article-title":"Digit ratio (2D:4D) and its relationship to foetal and maternal sex steroids: a mini-review","volume":"183","author":"Manning","year":"2023","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2025.2593576","article-title":"The association between emotional control and affect lability and alcohol problems among college students","volume":"61","author":"Kim","year":"2026","journal-title":"Subst. Use Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Factor structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale","volume":"51","author":"Patton","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2010.24.1.60","article-title":"Affective instability: toward an integration of neuroscience and psychological perspectives","volume":"24","author":"Koenigsberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Personal. Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002407","article-title":"How is affective instability defined and measured? A systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Marwaha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1348\/000712608X311731","article-title":"Fetal testosterone and autistic traits","volume":"100","author":"Auyeung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0105","series-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5\u2014Research Version (SCID-5-RV)","author":"First","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2003.12.013","article-title":"The affective lability scales: development of a short-form measure","volume":"37","author":"Oliver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Differ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.03.030","article-title":"Psychometric properties of a short form of the Affective Lability Scale (ALS-18)","volume":"49","author":"Look","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0120","first-page":"18","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the affective lability scale-18 (ALS-18) Turkish form in the non-clinical group","volume":"36","author":"Do\u011fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Turk Psikiyatri Derg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0125","first-page":"251","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11","volume":"18","author":"G\u00fcle\u00e7","year":"2008","journal-title":"Klin. Psikofarmakol. Bul."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4274\/npa.y6308","article-title":"Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)","volume":"50","author":"Konkan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Noro Psikiyatr. Ars."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2024.105946","article-title":"2D:4D ratio, alexithymia, impulsivity, aggression, and ADHD in male patients with opioid and methamphetamine use disorders: a comparative analysis with healthy controls","volume":"189","author":"Akku\u015f","year":"2024","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2023.2278475","article-title":"Second and fourth (2D:4D) digit ratio in heroin and cannabis addicted patients","volume":"24","author":"Gurok","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethn. Subst. Abus."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2022.2098850","article-title":"Second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), impulsivity and aggression levels in patients with opiate use disorder and alcohol use disorder","volume":"28","author":"Erdo\u011fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Subst. Use"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106618","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000}},{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106618","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000}}],"container-title":["Early Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S037837822600112X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S037837822600112X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:21:49Z","timestamp":1789168909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S037837822600112X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S037837822600112X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-3782"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-3782","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"2D:4D ratio, affective lability, and impulsivity in men with cannabinoid and methamphetamine use disorders: A comparative analysis with healthy controls","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Early Human Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106587","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106587"}}