{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:13:21Z","timestamp":1788531201065,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Early Human Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T23:19:58Z","timestamp":1781911198000},"page":"106613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Infants who crawl while skin-to-skin in the first hour after birth are more likely to effectively breastfeed postpartum"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Karin","family":"Cadwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scovia Nalugo","family":"Mbalinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kajsa","family":"Brimdyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16842","article-title":"Skin-to-skin contact after birth: developing a research and practice guideline","volume":"112","author":"Brimdyr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000646","article-title":"Intraoperative mother and baby skin-to-skin contact during cesarean birth: systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Frederick","year":"2020","journal-title":"MCN Am. J. Matern. Child Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.03.011","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder 2\u00a0months after cesarean delivery: a multicenter prospective study","volume":"231","author":"Froeliger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2021.103063","article-title":"What are women\u2019s experiences of immediate skin-to-skin contact at caesarean section birth? An integrative literature review","volume":"101","author":"Deys","year":"2021","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.15452\/cejnm.2020.11.0022","article-title":"Mother-infant bonding in the postpartum period and its predictors","volume":"11","author":"Maz\u00fachov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Nurs. Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-8-1","article-title":"Effects of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact on severe latch-on problems in older infants: a randomized trial","volume":"8","author":"Svensson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Breastfeed. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0035","article-title":"Immediate or early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants","volume":"2025","author":"Moore","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334409355779","article-title":"Effect of early skin-to-skin mother\u2013infant contact during the first 3\u00a0hours following birth on exclusive breastfeeding during the maternity hospital stay","volume":"26","author":"Bramson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-022-00627-7","article-title":"The relationship between skin-to-skin contact and rates of exclusive breastfeeding at four months among a group of mothers in Nova Scotia: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"113","author":"Bedford","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0050","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of early skin-to-skin contact and its impact on exclusive breastfeeding during the maternity hospitalization","volume":"22","author":"Nam","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68397-9","article-title":"WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review","volume":"367","author":"Khan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002904","article-title":"Early initiation of breastfeeding and severe illness in the early newborn period: an observational study in rural Bangladesh","volume":"16","author":"Raihana","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0065","article-title":"Delayed breastfeeding initiation and infant survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01983.x","article-title":"Newborn behaviour to locate the breast when skin-to-skin: a possible method for enabling early self-regulation","volume":"100","author":"Widstr\u00f6m","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr. Oslo Nor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14754","article-title":"Skin-to-skin contact the first hour after birth, underlying implications and clinical practice","volume":"108","author":"Widstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16440","article-title":"Spontaneous behaviors during breast crawling and factors influencing self-locating mothers\u2019 breasts in newborns: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Cong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13042","article-title":"The nine stages of skin-to-skin: practical guidelines and insights from four countries","volume":"16","author":"Brimdyr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1991.72.1.75","article-title":"Early infant crawling experience is reflected in later motor skill development","volume":"72","author":"McEwan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Skills"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0095","article-title":"Early motor milestones in infancy and later motor impairments: a population-based data linkage study","volume":"13","author":"Hua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2168","article-title":"Tummy time and infant health outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"145","author":"Hewitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e3181856d54","article-title":"The influence of wakeful prone positioning on motor development during the early life","volume":"29","author":"Kuo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22525","article-title":"Relationship between prone skills and motor-based problem-solving abilities in full-term and preterm infants during the first 6\u00a0months of life","volume":"66","author":"Inamdar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-022-01248-6","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between infant movement behaviours and development","volume":"19","author":"Carson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2019.03.019","article-title":"The effect of labor medications on normal newborn behavior in the first hour after birth: a prospective cohort study","volume":"132","author":"Brimdyr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12186","article-title":"The association between common labor drugs and suckling when skin-to-skin during the first hour after birth","volume":"42","author":"Brimdyr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32042","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83761-1","article-title":"The impact of implementing and sustaining the international guidelines for skin-to-skin contact in the first hour after birth in Uganda","volume":"14","author":"Brimdyr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4119","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep14040300","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Lactation Assessment and Comprehensive Intervention Tool (LAT)","volume":"14","author":"Grady","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurs. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0140","series-title":"MAXQDA, Software for Qualitative Data Analysis","author":"VERBI Software","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.70261","article-title":"Predictors of effective breastfeeding in newborns and 6-week-old infants: modifiable pre-feeding, positioning and latching-on elements","volume":"114","author":"Blair","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13251","article-title":"What does prone skateboarding in the newborn tell us about the ontogeny of human locomotion?","volume":"90","author":"Forma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13248","article-title":"Newborns modulate their crawling in response to their native language but not another language","volume":"26","author":"Hym","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13061","article-title":"Newborn crawling and rooting in response to maternal breast odor","volume":"24","author":"Hym","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2001.tb00434.x","article-title":"Breast odour as the only maternal stimulus elicits crawling towards the odour source","volume":"90","author":"Varendi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr. Oslo Nor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(98)00044-X","article-title":"Unique salience of maternal breast odors for newborn infants","volume":"23","author":"Porter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91645-4","article-title":"Does the newborn baby find the nipple by smell?","volume":"344","author":"Varendi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(97)00082-0","article-title":"Soothing effect of amniotic fluid smell in newborn infants","volume":"51","author":"Varendi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13976","article-title":"A temperature gradient may support mother-infant thermal identification and communication in the breast crawl from birth to breastfeeding","volume":"106","author":"Zanardo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118774","article-title":"The higher temperature in the areola supports the natural progression of the birth to breastfeeding continuum","volume":"10","author":"Zanardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48358-z","article-title":"Thermal physiology of the lactating nipple influences the removal of human milk","volume":"9","author":"Gardner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.877345","article-title":"Effects of early motor interventions on gross motor and locomotor development for infants at-risk of motor delay: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Dumuids-Vernet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-1372413","article-title":"Sucking-pads and primitive sucking reflex","volume":"6","author":"Hendrik","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neonatal-Perinatal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0210","series-title":"Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations","article-title":"The suck, snout, palmomental, and grasp reflexes","author":"Walker","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334415601093","article-title":"Suck-swallow-breathe dynamics in breastfed infants","volume":"32","author":"Sakalidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613_bb0220","series-title":"Competency Verification Toolkit: Ensuring Competency of Direct Care Providers to Implement the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Early Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378378226001386?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378378226001386?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T13:18:17Z","timestamp":1788527897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378378226001386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0378378226001386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-3782"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-3782","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Infants who crawl while skin-to-skin in the first hour after birth are more likely to effectively breastfeed postpartum","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Early Human Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106613","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106613"}}