{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:46:14Z","timestamp":1792039574555,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Early Human Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:47:28Z","timestamp":1791442048000},"page":"106694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal language barriers and preterm infants' general movements: Evidence from a multilingual population"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Britta","family":"Huening","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Jaekel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Kathrin","family":"Dathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Middendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Bialas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Felderhoff-Mueser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Jaekel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30451-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis","volume":"7","author":"Chawanpaiboon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00878-4","article-title":"National, regional, and global estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: a systematic analysis","volume":"402","author":"Ohuma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70294-1","article-title":"Brain injury in premature infants: a complex amalgam of destructive and developmental disturbances","volume":"8","author":"Volpe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0020","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years for preterm children born at 22 to 34 weeks\u2019 gestation in France in 2011: EPIPAGE-2 cohort study","volume":"358","author":"Pierrat","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211028026","article-title":"Global prevalence of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment following extremely preterm birth: a systematic literature review","volume":"49","author":"Sarda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.06.004","article-title":"Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after moderate and late preterm birth: a systematic review","volume":"237","author":"Fernandez de Gamarra-Oca","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.1105","article-title":"Preterm birth: neuropsychological profiles and atypical developmental pathways","volume":"17","author":"Sansavini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15132","article-title":"Mathematical performance in childhood and early adult outcomes after very preterm birth: an individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Jaekel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F36","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313697","article-title":"Wide variation in severe neonatal morbidity among very preterm infants in European regions","volume":"104","author":"Edstedt Bonamy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0513-6","article-title":"The color of health: how racism, segregation, and inequality affect the health and well-being of preterm infants and their families","volume":"87","author":"Beck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8001","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87084-3","article-title":"Social and ethnic disparities in stillbirth and infant death in Denmark, 2005\u20132016","volume":"11","author":"Damsted Rasmussen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-1183-8","article-title":"Nature or nurture: a systematic review of the effect of socio-economic status on the developmental and cognitive outcomes of children born preterm","volume":"17","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Matern. Child Health J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.5323","article-title":"Cognitive outcomes of children born extremely or very preterm since the 1990s and associated risk factors: a meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"172","author":"Twilhaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F322","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-312916","article-title":"Academic performance of children born preterm: a meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"103","author":"Twilhaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-3114","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic disparities in neonatal intensive care: a systematic review","volume":"144","author":"Sigurdson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.16132","article-title":"Language barriers and mental health problems of preschool children born very preterm in Germany","volume":"67","author":"Jaekel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12121211","article-title":"Perinatal outcomes of immigrant mothers and their infants born very preterm across Germany","volume":"12","author":"Huning","year":"2024","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8101616","article-title":"Cerebral palsy: early markers of clinical phenotype and functional outcome","volume":"8","author":"Einspieler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00406","article-title":"The general movement assessment helps us to identify preterm infants at risk for cognitive dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"Einspieler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12297","article-title":"Development of fine motor skills in preterm infants","volume":"55","author":"Bos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15669","article-title":"Does movement matter? Consequences of motor problems for everyday life in children born preterm","volume":"65","author":"Evensen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0110","author":"European Commission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0115","series-title":"Bev\u00f6lkerung. Migration und Integration","author":"Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0120","series-title":"The ASJP Database","author":"Wichmann","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0125","first-page":"707","article-title":"Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals","volume":"10","author":"Levenshtein","year":"1966","journal-title":"Sov. Phys. Dokl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1689","article-title":"Early, accurate diagnosis and early intervention in cerebral palsy: advances in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"171","author":"Novak","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111879","article-title":"The pooled diagnostic accuracy of neuroimaging, general movements, and neurological examination for diagnosing cerebral palsy early in high-risk infants: a case control study","volume":"8","author":"Morgan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb4000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49037-w","article-title":"General Movements trajectories and outcome at 12 months in very preterm infants: An analysis of tendencies and pathological persistence","volume":"13","author":"Teschler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.02.003","article-title":"Are sporadic fidgety movements as clinically relevant as is their absence?","volume":"91","author":"Einspieler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2015.12.003","article-title":"Fidgety movements - tiny in appearance, but huge in impact","volume":"92","author":"Einspieler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. (Rio J)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-049572","article-title":"Very preterm early motor repertoire and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 8 years","volume":"148","author":"Salavati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12867","article-title":"Parent-recorded videos of infant spontaneous movement: comparisons at 3\u20134\u00a0months and relationships with 2-year developmental outcomes in extremely preterm, extremely low birthweight and term-born infants","volume":"36","author":"Kwong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082260","article-title":"The general movement optimality score-revised (GMOS-R) with socioeconomically stratified percentile ranks","volume":"13","author":"Einspieler","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084147","article-title":"How do socioeconomic inequalities and preterm birth interact to modify health and education outcomes? A narrative systematic review","volume":"15","author":"McHale","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2022.151660","article-title":"Implications of racial\/ethnic perinatal health inequities on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes and health services utilization","volume":"46","author":"Fraiman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-317849","article-title":"Contextual and socioeconomic variation in early motor and language development","volume":"105","author":"Fink","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030834","article-title":"Correlates of normal and abnormal general movements in infancy and long-term neurodevelopment of preterm infants: insights from functional connectivity studies at term equivalence","volume":"9","author":"Peyton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2018.4","article-title":"Brain growth in the NICU: critical periods of tissue-specific expansion","volume":"83","author":"Matthews","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0203-9","article-title":"Nurturing the preterm infant brain: leveraging neuroplasticity to improve neurobehavioral outcomes","volume":"85","author":"DeMaster","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0195","article-title":"Early developmental intervention programmes provided post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairment in preterm infants","volume":"2","author":"Orton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14485","article-title":"Effect of neonatal therapy on the motor, cognitive, and behavioral development of infants born preterm: a systematic review","volume":"62","author":"Khurana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2024.106171","article-title":"Longitudinal outcomes of a parent-administered sensorimotor intervention in preterm infants at 4 and 18 months","volume":"201","author":"Smith","year":"2025","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-025-05658-w","article-title":"Maternal refugee status is associated with less favourable motor performance and behaviour in term infants referred to a neonatal ward: a cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Uzer","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02449-0","article-title":"Brain structural and functional outcomes in the offspring of women experiencing psychological distress during pregnancy","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124588","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental trajectories of preterm infants of Italian native-born and migrant mothers and role of neonatal feeding","volume":"17","author":"Gibertoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0225","first-page":"1","article-title":"General movement assessment in infancy and later cognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Hall","year":"2026","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-024-03623-4","article-title":"Associations of language barriers with very preterm children\u2019s behavioural and socio-emotional problems across Europe","volume":"99","author":"Jaekel","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.04.016","article-title":"Visual habituation and dishabituation in preterm infants: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Kavsek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Dev. Disabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F402","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-305626","article-title":"Habituation responses to external stimuli: is the habituation of preterm infants at a postconceptual age of 40 weeks equal to that of term infants?","volume":"99","author":"Castillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694_bb4005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-026-05300-0","article-title":"Risk profiles of motor deficits in preterm infants: a cluster analysis approach","author":"Middendorf","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."}],"container-title":["Early Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378378226002203?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378378226002203?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:04:40Z","timestamp":1792037080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378378226002203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0378378226002203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-3782"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-3782","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Maternal language barriers and preterm infants' general movements: Evidence from a multilingual population","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Early Human Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2026.106694","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106694"}}