{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T19:08:40Z","timestamp":1788289720171,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eating Behaviors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,9]],"date-time":"2012-10-09T21:39:48Z","timestamp":1349818788000},"page":"26-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An exploratory investigation of purging disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janis H.","family":"Crowther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.4.3.391","article-title":"A comparison of the psychometric properties of three measures of dietary restraint","volume":"4","author":"Allison","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0010","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. (Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) ed.). Washington, DC: Author."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015003","article-title":"Perfectionism and bulimic symptoms in African American college women: Dimensions of perfectionism and their interactions with perceived weight status","volume":"56","author":"Bardone-Cone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Counseling Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20167","article-title":"Adolescents with bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified-purging only","volume":"38","author":"Binford","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.51.1.93","article-title":"How adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism relate to positive and negative psychological functioning: Testing a stress-mediation model in black and white female college students","volume":"51","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Counseling Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198707)6:4<485::AID-EAT2260060405>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"The development and validation of the body shape questionnaire","volume":"6","author":"Cooper","year":"1987","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S104","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20449","article-title":"Eating disorder not otherwise specified: Next steps","volume":"40","author":"Crow","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20537","article-title":"The point prevalence of bulimic disorders from 1990 to 2004","volume":"41","author":"Crowther","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20186","article-title":"A naturalistic evaluation of the relation between dietary restraint, the urge to binge, and actual binge eating: A clarification","volume":"38","author":"Engelberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199304)13:3<315::AID-EAT2260130310>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Body shape questionnaire: Derivation of shortened \u201calternative forms\u201d","volume":"13","author":"Evans","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199412)16:4<363::AID-EAT2260160405>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Assessment of eating disorders: Interview or self-report questionnaire?","volume":"16","author":"Fairburn","year":"1994","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20460","article-title":"Thinking afresh about the classification of eating disorders","volume":"40","author":"Fairburn","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.01.010","article-title":"The severity and status of eating disorder NOS: Implications for DSM-V","volume":"45","author":"Fairburn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00088-8","article-title":"Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: A \u201ctransdiagnostic\u201d theory and treatment","volume":"41","author":"Fairburn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198603)5:3<403::AID-EAT2260050302>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"The diagnosis of bulimia nervosa","volume":"5","author":"Fairburn","year":"1986","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000073871.67679.D8","article-title":"The spectrum of eating disorders in young women: A prevalence study in a general population sample","volume":"65","author":"Favaro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20556","article-title":"Psychological correlates of purging disorder as compared with other eating disorders: An exploratory investigation","volume":"42","author":"Fink","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.09.001","article-title":"Another look at impulsivity: A meta-analytic review comparing specific dispositions to rash action in their relationship to bulimic symptoms","volume":"28","author":"Fischer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(94)90063-9","article-title":"Food intake and physical activity: A comparison of three measures of dieting","volume":"19","author":"French","year":"1994","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01172967","article-title":"The dimensions of perfectionism","volume":"14","author":"Frost","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20304","article-title":"DSM-IV threshold versus subthreshold bulimia nervosa","volume":"39","author":"Grange","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94","article-title":"Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale","volume":"26","author":"Gratz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(95)00055-B","article-title":"Facets of emotional expressivity: Three self-report factors and their correlates","volume":"19","author":"Gross","year":"1995","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20712","article-title":"Comparing definitions of purging disorder on point prevalence and associations with external validators","volume":"43","author":"Haedt","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0135","series-title":"The binge purge syndrome: Diagnosis, treatment, and research","article-title":"Binge eating: Measurement problems and a conceptual model","author":"Hawkins","year":"1984"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.84.6.666","article-title":"Anxiety, restraint, and eating behavior","volume":"84","author":"Herman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0145","series-title":"Obesity","first-page":"208","article-title":"Restrained eating","author":"Herman","year":"1980"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-19831201-03","article-title":"A boundary model for the regulation of eating","volume":"13","author":"Herman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Psychiatric Annals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0160","series-title":"Statistical methods for psychology","author":"Howell","year":"2002"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2006.25.8.885","article-title":"Restrained and unrestrained eaters' attributions of success and failure to body weight and perception of social consensus: The special case of romantic success","volume":"25","author":"Jarry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198209000-00003","article-title":"Bulimia: An analysis of moods and behavior","volume":"44","author":"Johnson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20179","article-title":"Purging disorder: An ominous variant of bulimia nervosa?","volume":"38","author":"Keel","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20821","article-title":"Clinical significance and distinctiveness of Purging Disorder and Binge Eating Disorder","volume":"44","author":"Keel","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.1021","article-title":"Importance of size in defining binge eating episodes in bulimia nervosa","volume":"29","author":"Keel","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20718","article-title":"The validity and clinical utility of purging disorder","volume":"42","author":"Keel","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707001390","article-title":"Co-morbidity and disorder-related distress and impairment in purging disorder","volume":"38","author":"Keel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine: A Journal of Research in Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10026","article-title":"Correlates of subjective and objective binge eating in binge-purge syndromes","volume":"31","author":"Kerzhnerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.98.4.504","article-title":"A comparison of the validity of three scales for the assessment of dietary restraint","volume":"98","author":"Laessle","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20483","article-title":"Emotion recognition, emotional awareness and cognitive bias in individuals with bulimia nervosa","volume":"64","author":"Legenbauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.105.4.508","article-title":"Restraint, dieting, and the continuum model of bulimia nervosa","volume":"105","author":"Lowe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20358","article-title":"The prevalence of eating disorders not otherwise specified","volume":"40","author":"Machado","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20265","article-title":"Use of extreme weight control behaviors with and without binge eating in a community sample: Implications for the classification of bulimic-type eating disorders","volume":"39","author":"Mond","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199711)22:3<291::AID-EAT8>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Subjective or objective binge: Is the distinction valid?","volume":"22","author":"Niego","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale","volume":"51","author":"Patton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.40.2.193","article-title":"Dieting and binging: A causal analysis","volume":"40","author":"Polivy","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199811)24:3<307::AID-EAT8>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Does the size of a binge matter?","volume":"24","author":"Pratt","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0265","series-title":"World Congress of Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies","article-title":"A revision of the Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory","author":"Rachman","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(82)80055-5","article-title":"Bulimia nervosa: Treatment with exposure and response prevention","volume":"13","author":"Rosen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0270","series-title":"Eating behavior in eating disorders","first-page":"161","article-title":"Eating behavior in bulimia nervosa","author":"Rosen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6402(85)90008-6","article-title":"Standardized test meals in the assessment of bulimia nervosa","volume":"7","author":"Rosen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0285","series-title":"Society and the adolescent self-image","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1965"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/0163278709356187","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale: Overall and across demographic groups living within the United States","volume":"33","author":"Sinclair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Evaluation & the Health Professions"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.1.124","article-title":"A prospective test of the dual-pathway model of bulimic pathology: Mediating effects of dieting and negative affect","volume":"110","author":"Stice","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.5.825","article-title":"Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: A meta-analytic review","volume":"128","author":"Stice","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.16.1.60","article-title":"Eating disorder diagnostic scale: Additional evidence of reliability and validity","volume":"16","author":"Stice","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.12.2.123","article-title":"Development and validation of the eating disorder diagnostic scale: A brief self-report measure of anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder","volume":"12","author":"Stice","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(85)90010-8","article-title":"The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger","volume":"29","author":"Stunkard","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10257","article-title":"The sociocultural attitudes towards appearance scale-3 (SATAQ-3): Development and validation","volume":"35","author":"Thompson","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.08.007","article-title":"The Vancouver obsessional compulsive inventory (VOCI)","volume":"42","author":"Thordarson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01758.x","article-title":"Prevalence and long-term course of lifetime eating disorders in an adult Australian twin cohort","volume":"40","author":"Wade","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006_bb0345","series-title":"Eating Disorders and Obesity: A Comprehensive Handbook","article-title":"The controversy over dieting","author":"Wilson","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Eating Behaviors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471015312000955?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471015312000955?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T04:55:20Z","timestamp":1714452920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471015312000955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471015312000955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.10.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-0153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-0153","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}}}