{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T08:05:00Z","timestamp":1779523500001,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000779","name":"University of London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000779","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021082","name":"Birkbeck University of London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021082","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eating Behaviors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T08:11:31Z","timestamp":1755504691000},"page":"102023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["From high scores to high calories: Investigating the relationship between gaming disorder and unhealthy eating behaviors in the context of wellness"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Halley M.","family":"Pontes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-024-00265-x","article-title":"Video game addiction and its relationship with sleep quality among medical students","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.108","article-title":"Bidirectional relationship between gaming disorder, internalizing psychopathology, psychological distress, and well-being: A systematic review with meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"383","author":"Amendola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0015","article-title":"The effect of Videogaming on nutritional behaviors: A systematic study. European journal of physical education and sport","volume":"8","author":"Avc\u0131","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.02","article-title":"Problematic video game use as an emotional coping strategy: Evidence from a sample of MMORPG gamers","volume":"8","author":"Blasi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.04.030","article-title":"Do coping strategies moderate the relationship between escapism and negative gaming outcomes in world of Warcraft (MMORPG) players?","volume":"86","author":"Bowditch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"139","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/cad.20031","article-title":"Electronic gaming and the obesity crisis","volume":"2013","author":"Calvert","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.008680","article-title":"Video game playing increases food intake in adolescents: A randomized crossover study","volume":"93","author":"Chaput","year":"2011","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0040","article-title":"Impact of internet addiction and gaming disorder on body weight in children and adolescents: A systematic review","author":"Che Mokhtar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2024.00052","article-title":"Evaluation of a multicomponent positive psychology program to prevent gaming disorder and enhance mental wellness in primary pupils: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0050","article-title":"Problematic video gaming is associated with poor sleep quality, diet quality, and personal hygiene","author":"Ellithorpe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychology of Popular Media."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.104487","article-title":"The validation of the healthy and unhealthy eating behavior scale (HUEBS): Examining the interplay between stages of change and motivation and their association with healthy and unhealthy eating behaviors and physical health","volume":"144","author":"Guertin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.2014.965127","article-title":"Video gaming disorder and sport and exercise in emerging adulthood: A longitudinal study","volume":"42","author":"Henchoz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-023-00769-0","article-title":"Associations between social media addiction, psychological distress, and food addiction among Taiwanese university students","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/07481756.2023.2193339","article-title":"Development and initial validation of scores on the lifestyle practices and health consciousness Inventory-2: Brief version","volume":"57","author":"Kalkbrenner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0075","article-title":"The effect of time spent sitting and excessive gaming on the weight status, and perceived weight stigma among Taiwanese young adults","volume":"9","author":"Kamolthip","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0080","series-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"Kline","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2014-031","article-title":"MVN: An R package for assessing multivariate normality","volume":"6","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"The R Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.4103\/shb.shb_81_20","article-title":"The effects of internet gaming and social media use on physical activity, sleep, quality of life, and academic performance among university students in Hong Kong: A preliminary study","volume":"4","author":"Kwok","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01368-z","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Persian gaming disorder test and relationships with psychological distress and insomnia in adolescents","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105317740414","article-title":"Problematic gaming behaviour and health-related outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"M\u00e4nnikk\u00f6","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Health Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/57.3.519","article-title":"Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications","volume":"57","author":"Mardia","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-014-0128-1","article-title":"Frequent video-game playing in young males is associated with central adiposity and high-sugar, low-fibre dietary consumption","volume":"19","author":"Mario","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107901","article-title":"Game on: A cross-sectional study on gamers\u2019 mental health, game patterns, physical activity, eating and sleeping habits","volume":"148","author":"Matias","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22040-8","article-title":"Gaming disorder and psychological distress among Iranian adolescents: The mediating role of sleep hygiene","volume":"25","author":"Molaeipour","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.06.003","article-title":"Letter to the editor: A closer look at functional impairments in gaming disorder","volume":"164","author":"Montag","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2021.0050","article-title":"Investigating the role of health factors and psychological well-being in gaming disorder","volume":"25","author":"Moore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01906.x","article-title":"The wheel of wellness counseling for wellness: A holistic model for treatment planning","volume":"78","author":"Myers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Counseling & Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2025.2494838","article-title":"Problematic gaming, problem gambling: Co-occurrence and association with depression and generalised anxiety disorder among working-age adults in Latvia","volume":"79","author":"Ozoli\u0146a","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-025-00889-2","article-title":"Impaired sleep quality mediates the relationship between internet gaming disorder and conduct problems among adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal study","volume":"19","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.06.008","article-title":"Exploring the connections between gaming disorder and real-life problems through network analysis","volume":"189","author":"Pontes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106059","article-title":"A new era for gaming disorder research: Time to shift from consensus to consistency","volume":"103","author":"Pontes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-019-00088-z","article-title":"Measurement and conceptualization of gaming disorder according to the World Health Organization framework: The development of the gaming disorder test","volume":"19","author":"Pontes","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56358-x","article-title":"Investigating the interplay between gaming disorder and functional impairments in professional esports gaming","volume":"14","author":"Pontes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0001374","article-title":"Initial development and psychometric properties of the gambling disorder test in a nationally representative sample of adults","author":"Pontes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0175","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing [computer software]","author":"R Core Team","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116512","article-title":"Impact of internet gaming disorder on mental well-being: Prevalence and psychological distress among adolescents and young adults","volume":"349","author":"Rahul","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5817\/CP2025-1-1","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of internet gaming disorder: A population-based study","volume":"19","author":"Razum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","article-title":"Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling","volume":"48","author":"Rosseel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0195","author":"Schloerke","year":"2024","journal-title":"GGally: Extension to \u201cggplot2.\u201d"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1177\/09731342221096470","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder: A real disorder or a way of coping? A case series","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115097","article-title":"Symptoms of internet gaming disorder and depression in Chinese adolescents: A network analysis","volume":"322","author":"Sit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2016.0386","article-title":"Problem video gaming among children enrolled in tertiary weight management programs","volume":"20","author":"Stubblefield","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21381","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25343-7","article-title":"The association of problematic gaming characteristics with dietary habits among Finnish vocational school students","volume":"12","author":"Vaarala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0220","series-title":"6C51 Gaming disorder","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"issue":"930","key":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023_bb0225","article-title":"Problematic use of alcohol and online gaming as coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mini review","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Eating Behaviors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471015325000881?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471015325000881?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T07:21:03Z","timestamp":1779520863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471015325000881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S1471015325000881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-0153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-0153","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"From high scores to high calories: Investigating the relationship between gaming disorder and unhealthy eating behaviors in the context of wellness","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Eating Behaviors","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.102023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102023"}}