{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T08:49:21Z","timestamp":1793350161242,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T13:11:58Z","timestamp":1643029918000},"page":"103841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":228,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Intranasal COVID-19 vaccines: From bench to bed"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Aqu","family":"Alu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuquan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohe","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6513-6422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiawei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0001","unstructured":"WHO\u2019s landscape of COVID-19 vaccine candidates. https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/covid-19-vaccines, 24-November 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0002","unstructured":"Registry data of COVID-19 vaccine candidates. https:\/\/covid19.trackvaccines.org\/, 24-November 2021."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01230-y","article-title":"Looking beyond COVID-19 vaccine phase 3 trials","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120686","article-title":"Nasal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: synergistic or alternative to intramuscular vaccines?","volume":"603","author":"Tiboni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"6510","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd0826","article-title":"Structure-based design of prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spikes","volume":"369","author":"Hsieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-015-0164-2","article-title":"Intranasal and oral vaccination with protein-based antigens: advantages, challenges and formulation strategies","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0007","article-title":"Mucosal vaccines \u2014 fortifying the frontiers","author":"Lavelle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9050524","article-title":"Delivery routes for COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2021.07.021","article-title":"Intranasal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: from challenges to potential in COVID-19 management","volume":"26","author":"Chavda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10016","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.6.3.10016","article-title":"Immunity against mucosal pathogens","volume":"6","author":"Kyd","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00699","article-title":"The modulation of mucosal antiviral immunity by immunobiotics: could they offer any benefit in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?","volume":"11","author":"Villena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1213","article-title":"Mucosal immunity and vaccines","volume":"11","author":"Holmgren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0013","first-page":"463","article-title":"Innate immunity of the gut: mucosal defense in health and disease","volume":"38","author":"Yuan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1805992","article-title":"Prospects for mucosal vaccine: shutting the door on SARS-CoV-2","volume":"16","author":"Mudgal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-021-09773-9","article-title":"The role of mucosal immunity and recombinant probiotics in SARS-CoV2 vaccine development","volume":"13","author":"Moradi-Kalbolandi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015","article-title":"Pathogen recognition and innate immunity","volume":"124","author":"Akira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2436","article-title":"Viral evasion and subversion of pattern-recognition receptor signalling","volume":"8","author":"Bowie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.026","article-title":"Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19","volume":"181","author":"Blanco-Melo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.12.002","article-title":"Complement factors in COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines","volume":"42","author":"Kurtovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0020","article-title":"The effects of secretory IgA in the mucosal immune system","volume":"2020","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5205","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6205","article-title":"Nasal immunity is an ancient arm of the mucosal immune system of vertebrates","volume":"5","author":"Tacchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2384","article-title":"The role of secretory antibodies in infection immunity","volume":"8","author":"Strugnell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00185","article-title":"Multi-faceted functions of secretory IgA at mucosal surfaces","volume":"4","author":"Corthesy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens3020390","article-title":"Secretory IgA is concentrated in the outer layer of colonic mucus along with gut bacteria","volume":"3","author":"Rogier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2014.68.381-383","article-title":"Diagnostic significance of reduced IgA in children","volume":"68","author":"Nurkic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Arch"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-020-0303-9","article-title":"Resistance of children to COVID-19. How?","volume":"13","author":"Fischer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"57","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabd8003","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abd8003","article-title":"Exploiting albumin as a mucosal vaccine chaperone for robust generation of lung-resident memory T cells","volume":"6","author":"Rakhra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.09.013","article-title":"Lung airway-surveilling CXCR3hi memory CD8+ T cells are critical for protection against influenza A virus","volume":"39","author":"Sl\u00fctter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-020-0309-3","article-title":"Long-term maintenance of lung resident memory T cells is mediated by persistent antigen","volume":"14","author":"Uddback","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20192197","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20192197","article-title":"Retrograde migration supplies resident memory T cells to lung-draining LN after influenza infection","volume":"217","author":"Stolley","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"55","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abb6808","article-title":"T resident helper cells promote humoral responses in the lung","volume":"6","author":"Swarnalekha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol"},{"issue":"55","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabb6852","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abb6852","article-title":"Tissue-resident CD4+ T helper cells assist the development of protective respiratory B and CD8+ T cell memory responses","volume":"6","author":"Son","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.026","article-title":"A single-dose intranasal ChAd vaccine protects upper and lower respiratory tracts against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"183","author":"Hassan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.03.006","article-title":"Intranasal administration of a recombinant RBD vaccine induced protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in mouse","volume":"39","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109400","article-title":"A single intranasal or intramuscular immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protects against pneumonia in hamsters","volume":"36","author":"Bricker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13823","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1208075109","article-title":"Protection from the acquisition of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage by cross-reactive antibody to a pneumococcal dehydrogenase","volume":"109","author":"Lijek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"4768","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3526553","article-title":"A new approach to the oral administration of insulin and other peptide drugs","volume":"233","author":"Saffran","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4081","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17972-1","article-title":"A single dose of an adenovirus-vectored vaccine provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18077-5","article-title":"An adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine confers protection from SARS-COV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"10240","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31208-3","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial","volume":"395","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3668","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02864-12","article-title":"Airway delivery of an adenovirus-based Ebola virus vaccine bypasses existing immunity to homologous adenovirus in nonhuman primates","volume":"87","author":"Richardson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0042","article-title":"A single intranasal dose of chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques","volume":"2","author":"Hassan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109452","article-title":"An intranasal vaccine durably protects against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice","volume":"36","author":"Hassan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9080881","article-title":"Single-dose intranasal administration of AdCOVID elicits systemic and mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and fully protects mice from lethal challenge","volume":"9","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202149167","article-title":"A single subcutaneous or intranasal immunization with adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces robust humoral and cellular immune responses in mice","volume":"51(7)","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabh0755","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abh0755","article-title":"Intranasal ChAdOx1 nCoV-19\/AZD1222 vaccination reduces viral shedding after SARS-CoV-2 D614G challenge in preclinical models","volume":"13(607)","author":"van Doremalen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00315-6","article-title":"ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine candidate significantly reduces SARS-CoV-2 shedding in ferrets","volume":"6","author":"Marsh","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccin"},{"issue":"577","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabd2223","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abd2223","article-title":"IgA dominates the early neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"13","author":"Sterlin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"577","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabf1555","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abf1555","article-title":"Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 neutralization by dimeric IgA","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1959270","article-title":"Recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus AdC7 expressing dimeric tandem-repeat spike protein RBD protects mice against COVID-19","volume":"10(1)","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14917","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94364-5","article-title":"Intranasal plus subcutaneous prime vaccination with a dual antigen COVID-19 vaccine elicits T-cell and antibody responses in mice","volume":"11","author":"Rice","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26769","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein intranasal inoculation induces local and systemic T cell responses in mice","volume":"93","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.3390\/v12090987","article-title":"Attenuated influenza virions expressing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain induce neutralizing antibodies in mice","volume":"12","author":"Loes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9080850","article-title":"A single-cycle influenza a virus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicits potent immune responses in a mouse model","volume":"9","author":"Koonpaew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabi5246","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abi5246","article-title":"Protection of K18-hACE2 mice and ferrets against SARS-CoV-2 challenge by a single-dose mucosal immunization with a parainfluenza virus 5-based COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"7","author":"An","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0056","article-title":"Non-propagative human parainfluenza virus type 2 nasal vaccine robustly protects the upper and lower airways against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"24(12)","author":"Ohtsuka","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.12.010","article-title":"Intranasal vaccination with a lentiviral vector protects against SARS-CoV-2 in preclinical animal models","volume":"29","author":"Ku","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14459","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202114459","article-title":"Brain cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants by a lentiviral vaccine in new transgenic mice","volume":"13(12)","author":"Ku","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01908-21","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a newcastle disease virus vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, AVX\/COVID-12-HEXAPRO (Patria), in pigs","volume":"12","author":"Lara-Puente","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26499-y","article-title":"A Newcastle disease virus expressing a stabilized spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces protective immune responses","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103219","article-title":"Intranasal vaccination with a Newcastle disease virus-vectored vaccine protects hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease","volume":"24","author":"Warner","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102941","article-title":"Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an intranasal live-attenuated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"24","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00797-9","article-title":"Enhanced protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 elicited by a VSV vector expressing a chimeric spike protein","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0064","article-title":"Optimization of single dose VSV-based COVID-19 vaccination in hamsters","author":"OD","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0065","article-title":"Rapid protection from COVID-19 in nonhuman primates vaccinated intramuscularly but not intranasally with a single dose of a recombinant vaccine","author":"Furuyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0066","unstructured":"Altimmune announces update on AdCOVID\u2122 phase 1 clinical trial. https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2021\/06\/29\/2255167\/0\/en\/Altimmune-Announces-Update-on-AdCOVID-Phase-1-Clinical-Trial.html, 24-November 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0067","article-title":"A live attenuated influenza virus-vectored intranasal COVID-19 vaccine provides rapid, prolonged, and broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2016.05.001","article-title":"Vaccine technologies: from whole organisms to rationally designed protein assemblies","volume":"120","author":"Karch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00434-x","article-title":"Cationic nanocarriers as potent adjuvants for recombinant S-RBD vaccine of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"5","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transd Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.729189","article-title":"A combination adjuvant for the induction of potent antiviral immune responses for a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccine","volume":"12","author":"Jangra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103037","article-title":"Single-dose intranasal vaccination elicits systemic and mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"24","author":"An","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00230","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00230-21","article-title":"Development of spike receptor-binding domain nanoparticles as a vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e148494","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.148494","article-title":"Protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection by a mucosal vaccine in rhesus macaques","volume":"6","author":"Sui","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.03.023","article-title":"Infection and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaaa030","article-title":"Potential influence of COVID-19\/ACE2 on the female reproductive system","volume":"26","author":"Jing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8040584","article-title":"Cold-adapted live attenuated SARS-Cov-2 vaccine completely protects human ACE2 transgenic mice from SARS-Cov-2 infection","volume":"8","author":"Seo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2102775118","article-title":"Scalable live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate demonstrates preclinical safety and efficacy","volume":"118","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00321-8","article-title":"Replicating bacterium-vectored vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 Membrane and Nucleocapsid proteins protects against severe COVID-19-like disease in hamsters","volume":"6","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.232","article-title":"Mucosal IgA response elicited by intranasal immunization of Lactobacillus plantarum expressing surface-displayed RBD protein of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"190","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c05002","article-title":"Gold-nanostar-chitosan-mediated delivery of SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine for respiratory mucosal immunization: development and proof-of-principle","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9020132","article-title":"Localized and systemic immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 following mucosal immunization","volume":"9","author":"Chandrasekar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00445","article-title":"Intranasal vaccination with mannosylated chitosan formulated DNA vaccine enables robust IgA and cellular response induction in the lungs of mice and improves protection against pulmonary mycobacterial challenge","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-012-0085-z","article-title":"Strategies for intranasal delivery of vaccines","volume":"3","author":"Zaman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.08.054","article-title":"Immunomodulatory properties of chitosan polymers","volume":"184","author":"Moran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2010.54","article-title":"Mucosal adjuvants and long-term memory development with special focus on CTA1-DD and other ADP-ribosylating toxins","volume":"3","author":"Lycke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030595","article-title":"Use of the inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine and the risk of Bell's palsy in Switzerland","volume":"350","author":"Mutsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3310","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.3310","article-title":"The cholera toxin-derived CTA1-DD vaccine adjuvant administered intranasally does not cause inflammation or accumulate in the nervous tissues","volume":"173","author":"Eriksson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-020-0334-2","article-title":"A vaccine combination of lipid nanoparticles and a cholera toxin adjuvant derivative greatly improves lung protection against influenza virus infection","volume":"14","author":"Bernasconi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.02.006","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an intranasally administered trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine with adjuvant LTh(\u03b1K): a phase I study","volume":"37","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.3390\/md9061038","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles act as an adjuvant to promote both Th1 and Th2 immune responses induced by ovalbumin in mice","volume":"9","author":"Wen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3390\/md18120605","article-title":"The application of mucoadhesive chitosan nanoparticles in nasal drug delivery","volume":"18","author":"Shim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.004","article-title":"The vaccine adjuvant chitosan promotes cellular immunity via DNA sensor cGAS-STING-dependent induction of type I interferons","volume":"44","author":"Carroll","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-013-0058-7","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticle encapsulated hemagglutinin-split influenza virus mucosal vaccine","volume":"15","author":"Sawaengsak","year":"2014","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-010-0621-4","article-title":"Cross-protection against influenza virus infection by intranasal administration of M2-based vaccine with chitosan as an adjuvant","volume":"155","author":"Sui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.2.726-732.2003","article-title":"Protective levels of diphtheria-neutralizing antibody induced in healthy volunteers by unilateral priming-boosting intranasal immunization associated with restricted ipsilateral mucosal secretory immunoglobulin a","volume":"71","author":"Mills","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2344","article-title":"Polyethyleneimine is a potent mucosal adjuvant for viral glycoprotein antigens","volume":"30","author":"Wegmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3251","article-title":"Recent progress in mucosal vaccine development: potential and limitations","volume":"12","author":"Lycke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.02.019","article-title":"Nasal and skin delivery of IC31\u00ae-adjuvanted recombinant HSV-2 gD protein confers protection against genital herpes","volume":"30","author":"Wizel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711976105","article-title":"The microbial mimic poly IC induces durable and protective CD4+ T cell immunity together with a dendritic cell targeted vaccine","volume":"105","author":"Trumpfheller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.078","article-title":"Intranasal seasonal influenza vaccine and a TLR-3 agonist, rintatolimod, induced cross-reactive IgA antibody formation against avian H5N1 and H7N9 influenza HA in humans","volume":"32","author":"Overton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2011.10.003","article-title":"Adjuvanted, antigen loaded N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles for nasal and intradermal vaccination: adjuvant- and site-dependent immunogenicity in mice","volume":"45","author":"Bal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"5831","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138963","article-title":"The vaccine adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A as a TRIF-biased agonist of TLR4","volume":"316","author":"Mata-Haro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00326","article-title":"Mucosal and Systemic immune responses to influenza H7N9 antigen HA1-2 Co-delivered intranasally with flagellin or polyethyleneimine in mice and chickens","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00230-10","article-title":"An intranasally delivered toll-like receptor 7 agonist elicits robust systemic and mucosal responses to Norwalk virus-like particles","volume":"17","author":"Velasquez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0244-x","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and cellular functions of cGAS-STING signalling","volume":"21","author":"Hopfner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005300","article-title":"Immunization with Tc52 or its amino terminal domain adjuvanted with c-di-AMP induces Th17+Th1 specific immune responses and confers protection against Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"11","author":"Matos","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0080-x","article-title":"Sustained protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis nasal colonization by intranasal immunization with a vaccine-adjuvant combination that induces IL-17-secreting T(RM) cells","volume":"11","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-017-0431-5","article-title":"RIG-I: a multifunctional protein beyond a pattern recognition receptor","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13115","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13115","article-title":"Poly(I:C) alters placental and fetal brain amino acid transport in a rat model of maternal immune activation","volume":"81","author":"McColl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-014-0125-1","article-title":"Innate endogenous adjuvants prime to desirable immune responses via mucosal routes","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.5.3309","article-title":"alpha-Galactosylceramide can act as a nasal vaccine adjuvant inducing protective immune responses against viral infection and tumor","volume":"175","author":"Ko","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.04.081","article-title":"A single intranasal immunization with inactivated influenza virus and alpha-galactosylceramide induces long-term protective immunity without redirecting antigen to the central nervous system","volume":"25","author":"Youn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.11.005","article-title":"An \u03b1-GalCer analogue with branched acyl chain enhances protective immune responses in a nasal influenza vaccine","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.10.020","article-title":"Intranasal immunization with aluminum salt-adjuvanted dry powder vaccine","volume":"292","author":"Thakkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108601","article-title":"Recent advances in aerosolised drug delivery","volume":"112","author":"Chandel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.121180","article-title":"Intranasal vaccine: factors to consider in research and development","volume":"609","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.07.033","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of an intranasal Shigella flexneri 2a Invaplex 50 vaccine","volume":"29","author":"Riddle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10078","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.18.10078-10087.2003","article-title":"Enhanced mucosal immunoglobulin a response of intranasal adenoviral vector human immunodeficiency virus vaccine and localization in the central nervous system","volume":"77","author":"Lemiale","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1777","article-title":"Mucosal vaccines: the promise and the challenge","volume":"6","author":"Neutra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"}],"container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396422000251?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396422000251?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T19:16:25Z","timestamp":1762456585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352396422000251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":119,"alternative-id":["S2352396422000251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-3964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intranasal COVID-19 vaccines: From bench to bed","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eBioMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103841","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103841"}}