{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:03:17Z","timestamp":1792627397708,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T04:53:51Z","timestamp":1658897631000},"page":"104188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Replicating RNA vaccination elicits an unexpected immune response that efficiently protects mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus challenge"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Shanna S.","family":"Leventhal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Meade-White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepashri","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Haddock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8040-7422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Randall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse H.","family":"Erasmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9448-8227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heinz","family":"Feldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8233-8176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W.","family":"Hawman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16189.1","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus","volume":"7","author":"Hawman","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.12.001","article-title":"Nosocomial infections caused by Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus","volume":"105","author":"Tsergouli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020314","article-title":"A look into bunyavirales genomes: functions of non-structural (NS) proteins","volume":"13","author":"Leventhal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1089\/biores.2019.0057","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: advances in vaccine development","volume":"9","author":"Tipih","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biores Open Access"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.3390\/v6062392","article-title":"Alphavirus-based vaccines","volume":"6","author":"Lundstrom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"555","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abc9396","article-title":"An Alphavirus-derived replicon RNA vaccine induces SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in mice and nonhuman primates","volume":"12","author":"Erasmus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.75537","article-title":"SARS-CoV2 variant-specific replicating RNA vaccines protect from disease following challenge with heterologous variants of concern","volume":"11","author":"Hawman","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.63906","article-title":"Immunocompetent mouse model for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus","volume":"10","author":"Hawman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.165.1.64","article-title":"IgG2a restriction of murine antibodies elicited by viral infections","volume":"165","author":"Coutelier","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(98)00015-5","article-title":"The need for IgG2c specific antiserum when isotyping antibodies from C57BL\/6 and NOD mice","volume":"212","author":"Martin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6152","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.10.6152-6161.2005","article-title":"Cellular localization and antigenic characterization of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus glycoproteins","volume":"79","author":"Bertolotti-Ciarlet","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-2-42","article-title":"Intracellular localization of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus glycoproteins","volume":"2","author":"Haferkamp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81752-0","article-title":"Purification of Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleoprotein and its utility for serological diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Lombe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01083-18","article-title":"Exploring Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus-induced hepatic injury using antibody-mediated type I interferon blockade in mice","volume":"92","author":"Lindquist","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00554","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00554-19","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever mouse model recapitulating human convalescence","volume":"93","author":"Hawman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.104702","article-title":"The use of mice lacking type I or both type I and type II interferon responses in research on hemorrhagic fever viruses. Part 2: Vaccine efficacy studies","volume":"174","author":"Zivcec","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4012","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601877","article-title":"Induction of an IFN-mediated antiviral response by a self-amplifying RNA vaccine: implications for vaccine design","volume":"198","author":"Pepini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7010029","article-title":"Plasmid DNA-based alphavirus vaccines","volume":"7","author":"Lundstrom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.06.011","article-title":"Intramuscular delivery of replicon RNA encoding ZIKV-117 human monoclonal antibody protects against Zika Virus infection","volume":"18","author":"Erasmus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.07.010","article-title":"A nanostructured lipid carrier for delivery of a replicating viral RNA provides single, low-dose protection against Zika","volume":"26","author":"Erasmus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7755","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44210-6","article-title":"Vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine protects mice against Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever","volume":"9","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156637","article-title":"Protective effects of a Modified Vaccinia Ankara-based vaccine candidate against Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus require both cellular and humoral responses","volume":"11","author":"Dowall","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91516","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091516","article-title":"A novel vaccine against Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever protects 100% of animals against lethal challenge in a mouse model","volume":"9","author":"Buttigieg","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0025","article-title":"A DNA vaccine for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever protects against disease and death in two lethal mouse models","volume":"11","author":"Garrison","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS NeglTrop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00293-9","article-title":"A CCHFV DNA vaccine protects against heterologous challenge and establishes GP38 as immunorelevant in mice","volume":"6","author":"Suschak","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1855","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus subunit vaccines induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies but no protection in STAT1 knockout mice","volume":"15","author":"Kortekaas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonot Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05352-11","article-title":"Mice orally immunized with a transgenic plant expressing the glycoprotein of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus","volume":"18","author":"Ghiasi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.05.031","article-title":"Development of vaccines against Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus","volume":"35","author":"Dowall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1601030","article-title":"Single-dose replicon particle vaccine provides complete protection against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in mice","volume":"8","author":"Scholte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02076-16","article-title":"Immunization with DNA plasmids coding for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus capsid and envelope proteins and\/or virus-like particles induces protection and survival in challenged mice","volume":"91","author":"Hinkula","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.08.014","article-title":"Identification of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus","volume":"146","author":"Zivcec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaw9535","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaw9535","article-title":"GP38-targeting monoclonal antibodies protect adult mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection","volume":"5","author":"Golden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.07.006","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity","volume":"100","author":"Bente","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0035","article-title":"Nucleocapsid protein-based vaccine provides protection in mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus challenge","volume":"12","author":"Zivcec","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS NeglTrop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7030115","article-title":"Immunological analysis of a CCHFV mRNA vaccine candidate in mouse models","volume":"7","author":"Aligholipour Farzani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0037","series-title":"Fields Virology","first-page":"1581","article-title":"Bunyaviridae: the viruses and their replication","author":"Schmaljohn","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2003.01738.x","article-title":"The MHC class I antigen presentation pathway: strategies for viral immune evasion","volume":"110","author":"Hewitt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005908","article-title":"A DNA vaccine for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever protects against disease and death in two lethal mouse models","volume":"11","author":"Garrison","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0040","article-title":"Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines protect IFNAR(-\/-) mice against Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection","author":"Appelberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1078045","article-title":"A Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) viral vaccine expressing nucleoprotein is immunogenic but fails to confer protection against lethal disease","volume":"12","author":"Dowall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.08.007","article-title":"Immunogenicity of RNA replicons encoding HIV Env Immunogens designed for self-assembly into nanoparticles","volume":"27","author":"Melo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0043","article-title":"Replicating RNA platform enables rapid response to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and elicits enhanced protection in na\u00efve hamsters compared to ancestral vaccine. bioRxiv: the preprint server for","author":"Hawman","year":"2022","journal-title":"biology"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.10.011","article-title":"Immunogenicity of standard and extended dosing intervals of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine","volume":"184","author":"Payne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.05.001","article-title":"Protective neutralizing antibodies from human survivors of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever","volume":"184","author":"Fels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-00815-6","article-title":"A DNA-based vaccine protects against Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus disease in a Cynomolgus macaque model","volume":"6","author":"Hawman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaw9535","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaw9535","article-title":"GP38-targeting monoclonal antibodies protect adult mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection","volume":"5","author":"Golden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.11.010","article-title":"Fc\u03b3 receptors: old friends and new family members","volume":"24","author":"Nimmerjahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.106","article-title":"Beyond binding: antibody effector functions in infectious diseases","volume":"18","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0141-7","article-title":"A cynomolgus macaque model for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever","volume":"3","author":"Haddock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101262","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a self-amplifying RNA vaccine against COVID-19: COVAC1, a phase I, dose-ranging trial","volume":"44","author":"Pollock","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75537","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.75537","article-title":"SARS-CoV2 variant-specific replicating RNA vaccines protect from disease and pathology and reduce viral shedding following challenge with heterologous SARS-CoV2 variants of concern","volume":"11","author":"Hawman","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"}],"container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396422003693?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396422003693?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T19:18:43Z","timestamp":1762456723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352396422003693"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S2352396422003693"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-3964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Replicating RNA vaccination elicits an unexpected immune response that efficiently protects mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus challenge","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eBioMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104188"}}