{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:50:53Z","timestamp":1793407853147,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23-AI125715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23-AI125715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI089878"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI089878"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T12:41:25Z","timestamp":1671194485000},"page":"104407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Lactobacillus-dominance and rapid stabilization of vaginal microbiota in combined oral contraceptive pill users examined through a longitudinal cohort study with frequent vaginal sampling over two years"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Tuddenham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Gajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabra L.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina A.","family":"Stennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Wilgus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Ravel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil G.","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8762-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca M.","family":"Brotman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4610","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57172","article-title":"Vaginal microbiome and sexually transmitted infections: an epidemiologic perspective","volume":"121","author":"Brotman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab120","article-title":"Association of vaginal microbiota with signs and symptoms of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause across reproductive stages","volume":"76","author":"Shardell","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.06.036","article-title":"Cervicovaginal microbiota, women's health, and reproductive outcomes","volume":"110","author":"Kroon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2018.0304","article-title":"The evolving facets of bacterial vaginosis: implications for HIV transmission","volume":"35","author":"McKinnon","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retrovir"},{"issue":"12 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S222","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa762","article-title":"Protection and risk: male and female genital microbiota and sexually transmitted infections","volume":"223","author":"Tuddenham","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31823ea228","article-title":"The microbiota of the vagina and its influence on women's health and disease","volume":"343","author":"Martin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.UTI-0025-2016","article-title":"The vaginal microbiota and urinary tract infection","volume":"4","author":"Stapleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.01.013","article-title":"Cervicovaginal microbiota and reproductive health: the virtue of simplicity","volume":"23","author":"Anahtar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14631","article-title":"The role of the vaginal microbiome in gynaecological cancer","volume":"125","author":"Champer","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151794","article-title":"Women's management of recurrent bacterial vaginosis and experiences of clinical care: a qualitative study","volume":"11","author":"Bilardi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074378","article-title":"The burden of bacterial vaginosis: women's experience of the physical, emotional, sexual and social impact of living with recurrent bacterial vaginosis","volume":"8","author":"Bilardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib12","first-page":"Doc02","article-title":"Roles of the vagina and the vaginal microbiota in urinary tract infection: evidence from clinical correlations and experimental models","volume":"8","author":"Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"GMS Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15972","article-title":"The association between vaginal bacterial composition and miscarriage: a nested case-control study","volume":"127","author":"Al-Memar","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09285-9","article-title":"Cervicovaginal microbiota and local immune response modulate the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery","volume":"10","author":"Elovitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512283332604","article-title":"Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group","volume":"333","author":"Hillier","year":"1995","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-1-29","article-title":"Daily temporal dynamics of vaginal microbiota before, during and after episodes of bacterial vaginosis","volume":"1","author":"Ravel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"132","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132ra52","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003605","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of the human vaginal microbiota","volume":"4","author":"Gajer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010197","article-title":"Temporal variability of human vaginal bacteria and relationship with bacterial vaginosis","volume":"5","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S222","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa762","article-title":"Protection and risk: male and female genital microbiota and sexually transmitted infections","volume":"223","author":"Tuddenham","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1086\/592974","article-title":"Sexual risk factors and bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Fethers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340500432655","article-title":"Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: a population-based study on Danish women","volume":"85","author":"Thorsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.10.1664","article-title":"Factors linked to bacterial vaginosis in nonpregnant women","volume":"91","author":"Holzman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00467","article-title":"Determinants of vaginal microbiota composition","volume":"10","author":"Moosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1086\/503780","article-title":"High recurrence rates of bacterial vaginosis over the course of 12 months after oral metronidazole therapy and factors associated with recurrence","volume":"193","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.11.041","article-title":"Suppressive antibacterial therapy with 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis","volume":"194","author":"Sobel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91112-9","article-title":"Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations","volume":"74","author":"Amsel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00342-18","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis: an update","volume":"56","author":"Coleman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.2.297-301.1991","article-title":"Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation","volume":"29","author":"Nugent","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073055","article-title":"Hormonal contraception is associated with a reduced risk of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Vodstrcil","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32836290b6","article-title":"Hormonal contraception decreases bacterial vaginosis but oral contraception may increase candidiasis: implications for HIV transmission","volume":"27","author":"van de Wijgert","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis1030","article-title":"Recurrence of bacterial vaginosis is significantly associated with posttreatment sexual activities and hormonal contraceptive use","volume":"56","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39879-8","article-title":"Combined oral contraceptive pill-exposure alone does not reduce the risk of bacterial vaginosis recurrence in a pilot randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Vodstrcil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00593-20","article-title":"Daily vaginal microbiota fluctuations associated with natural hormonal cycle, contraceptives, diet, and exercise","volume":"5","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.11.006","article-title":"Effects of combined oral contraceptives, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on the vaginal microbiome","volume":"95","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib35","first-page":"590","article-title":"Genital injury signatures and microbiome alterations associated with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate usage and intravaginal drying practices","volume":"215","author":"Birse","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000245","article-title":"The impact of hormonal contraception and pregnancy on sexually transmitted infections and on cervicovaginal microbiota in african sex workers","volume":"42","author":"Borgdorff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7488","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7488","article-title":"Factors associated with the composition and diversity of the cervical microbiota of reproductive-age Black South African women: a retrospective cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Onywera","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009097","article-title":"Vaginal microbiome-hormonal contraceptive interactions associate with the mucosal proteome and HIV acquisition","volume":"16","author":"Noel-Romas","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622 e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.02.017","article-title":"Impact of contraceptive initiation on vaginal microbiota","volume":"218","author":"Achilles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2017.05.017","article-title":"Effects of intrauterine contraception on the vaginal microbiota","volume":"96","author":"Bassis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2018.1563458","article-title":"Differential effects of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate administration on vaginal microbiome in Hispanic White and Black women","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000866","article-title":"Changes in vaginal microbiota and immune mediators in HIV-1-Seronegative Kenyan women initiating depot medroxyprogesterone acetate","volume":"71","author":"Roxby","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu176","article-title":"Long-term effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on vaginal microbiota, epithelial thickness and HIV target cells","volume":"210","author":"Mitchell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229586","article-title":"Changes in key vaginal bacteria among postpartum African women initiating intramuscular depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate","volume":"15","author":"Whitney","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201003","article-title":"Contraceptive rings promote vaginal lactobacilli in a high bacterial vaginosis prevalence population: a randomised, open-label longitudinal study in Rwandan women","volume":"13","author":"Crucitti","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217229","article-title":"Vaginal microbiota and mucosal pharmacokinetics of tenofovir in healthy women using tenofovir and tenofovir\/levonorgestrel vaginal rings","volume":"14","author":"Thurman","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1876","article-title":"Influence of intramuscular depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate initiation on vaginal microbiota in the postpartum period","volume":"72","author":"Whitney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2014.04.006","article-title":"Vaginal microbiome changes with levonorgestrel intrauterine system placement","volume":"90","author":"Jacobson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19382-9","article-title":"Hormonal contraception alters vaginal microbiota and cytokines in South African adolescents in a randomized trial","volume":"11","author":"Balle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.01.011","article-title":"Dietary macronutrient intake and molecular-bacterial vaginosis: role of fiber","volume":"39","author":"Shivakoti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0814-6","article-title":"Associations between dietary micronutrient intake and molecular-Bacterial Vaginosis","volume":"16","author":"Tuddenham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228574","article-title":"A\u00a0cross-sectional pilot study of birth mode and vaginal microbiota in reproductive-age women","volume":"15","author":"Stennett","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01710-09","article-title":"Comparison of self-collected and physician-collected vaginal swabs for microbiome analysis","volume":"48","author":"Forney","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3809-4","article-title":"Evaluation of patient- versus provider-collected vaginal swabs for microbiome analysis during pregnancy","volume":"11","author":"Wylie","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib55","article-title":"Ultra-high throughput multiplexing and sequencing of >500 bp amplicon regions on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform","author":"Holm","year":"2018","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00029-19","article-title":"Ultrahigh-Throughput multiplexing and sequencing of >500-Base-Pair amplicon regions on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform","volume":"4","author":"Holm","year":"2019","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5261","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00062-07","article-title":"Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"Database issue","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib59","first-page":"D590","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00934-6","article-title":"VALENCIA: a nearest centroid classification method for vaginal microbial communities based on composition","volume":"8","author":"France","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-2-4","article-title":"The composition and stability of the vaginal microbiota of normal pregnant women is different from that of non-pregnant women","volume":"2","author":"Romero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib62","author":"Stan Development Team"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib63","author":"Stan Development Team"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2009.01.008","article-title":"Hormonal contraception and risk of bacterial vaginosis diagnosis in an observational study of women attending STD clinics in Baltimore, MD","volume":"80","author":"Rifkin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.732423","article-title":"The effect of exogenous sex steroids on the vaginal microbiota: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Ratten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.760504","article-title":"Comparison of female genital tract cytokine and microbiota signatures induced by initiation of intramuscular DMPA and NET-EN hormonal contraceptives - a prospective cohort analysis","volume":"12","author":"Dabee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1027-4","article-title":"Making inroads into improving treatment of bacterial vaginosis - striving for long-term cure","volume":"15","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00943-20","article-title":"Amylases in the human vagina","volume":"5","author":"Nunn","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00213-21","article-title":"Characterization of an alpha-glucosidase enzyme conserved in Gardnerella spp. isolated from the human vaginal microbiome","volume":"203","author":"Bhandari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bacteriol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-022-02635-9","article-title":"Insight into the ecology of vaginal bacteria through integrative analyses of metagenomic and transcriptomic data","volume":"23","author":"France","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318074e565","article-title":"the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the United States, 2001-2004; associations with symptoms, sexual behaviors, and reproductive health","volume":"34","author":"Koumans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"}],"container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396422005898?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396422005898?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T19:21:09Z","timestamp":1762456869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352396422005898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["S2352396422005898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-3964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lactobacillus-dominance and rapid stabilization of vaginal microbiota in combined oral contraceptive pill users examined through a longitudinal cohort study with frequent vaginal sampling over two years","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eBioMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104407","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104407"}}