{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:57:56Z","timestamp":1789041476703,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 2167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004168","name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSSL\/CS01-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSSL\/CS01-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004168","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T13:01:36Z","timestamp":1686056496000},"page":"104639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cutaneous lupus erythematosus is associated with an increased risk of cardiac and vascular diseases: a large-scale, propensity-matched global retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0863-7148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Olbrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalaf","family":"Kridin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henner","family":"Zirpel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian D.","family":"Sadik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Terheyden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diamant","family":"Tha\u00e7i","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf J.","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1899-4886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Boch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.21","article-title":"Incidence of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 1965-2005: a population-based study","volume":"145","author":"Durosaro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203318777103","article-title":"Epidemiology of cutaneous lupus erythematosus and the associated risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark","volume":"27","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.01.003","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of cutaneous lupus erythematosus","volume":"4","author":"Werth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2009.12.001","article-title":"Cutaneous lupus and the cutaneous lupus erythematosus disease area and severity index instrument","volume":"36","author":"Klein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.02.008","article-title":"Quality of life in cutaneous lupus erythematosus","volume":"64","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.897987","article-title":"The burden of living with cutaneous lupus erythematosus","volume":"9","author":"Drenkard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16831","article-title":"Increased risk of depression in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus: a Danish nationwide cohort study","volume":"179","author":"Hesselvig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10272.x","article-title":"Cutaneous lupus erythematosus and the association with systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based cohort of 1088 patients in Sweden: incidence of cutaneous lupus erythematosus in Sweden","volume":"164","author":"Gr\u00f6nhagen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.9026","article-title":"Systemic symptoms in the progression of cutaneous to systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"150","author":"Wieczorek","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.866319","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of the progression of cutaneous lupus to systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"13","author":"Curtiss","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10773.x","article-title":"Increased risk of cancer among 3663 patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a Swedish nationwide cohort study","volume":"166","author":"Gr\u00f6nhagen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203321990106","article-title":"Increased cancer risk in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus compared with the general population: a Danish nationwide cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Westermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102211","article-title":"Psoriasis and cardiovascular comorbidities: focusing on severe vascular events, cardiovascular risk factors and implications for treatment","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-222020","article-title":"2021 EULAR recommendations regarding lifestyle behaviours and work participation to prevent progression of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases","volume":"82","author":"Gwinnutt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib15","first-page":"e596","article-title":"2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"140","author":"Arnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05257-3","article-title":"Cutaneous lupus erythematosus and cardiovascular disease: current knowledge and insights into pathogenesis","volume":"40","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203316651739","article-title":"Cutaneous lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus are associated with clinically significant cardiovascular risk: a Danish nationwide cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Hesselvig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22892","article-title":"Risk of cerebrovascular accidents and ischemic heart disease in cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a population-based cohort study: cardiovascular disease risk in cutaneous Lupus","volume":"68","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.08.015","article-title":"Assessment and management of the heightened risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in patients with lupus erythematosus or dermatomyositis","volume":"7","author":"Keyes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06302-z","article-title":"Long-term risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes associated with cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Shams-Eldin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317716306","article-title":"Cutaneous lupus erythematosus and the risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a Danish nationwide cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Ahlehoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib22","first-page":"e535","article-title":"Mortality in eight autoimmune bullous diseases: a global large-scale retrospective cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Boch","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib23","first-page":"2923","article-title":"Isotretinoin and the risk of psychiatric disturbances - a global study shedding new light on a debatable story","volume":"S0190-9622","author":"Kridin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579","article-title":"General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham heart study","volume":"117","author":"D'Agostino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.875492","article-title":"Unmet medical needs in chronic, non-communicable inflammatory skin diseases","volume":"9","author":"Ujiie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-015-0141-4","article-title":"Management of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases: current evidence and future perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Lindhardsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00556.x","article-title":"Identification of type I interferon-associated inflammation in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus opens up options for novel therapeutic approaches","volume":"16","author":"Wenzel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.915828","article-title":"Current concepts on pathogenic mechanisms and histopathology in cutaneous lupus erythematosus","volume":"9","author":"Fetter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1882","article-title":"The immune response in atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword","volume":"6","author":"Hansson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2010.03.004","article-title":"IL-17 in cutaneous lupus erythematosus","volume":"21","author":"Tanasescu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03096","article-title":"IL-17A in psoriasis and beyond: cardiovascular and metabolic implications","volume":"10","author":"von Stebut","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.924886","article-title":"Blockade of interleukin-17a results in reduced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E\u2013deficient mice","volume":"121","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248414546324","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine's efficacy as an antiplatelet agent study in healthy volunteers: a proof of concept study","volume":"20","author":"Achuthan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib34","first-page":"1","article-title":"High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional, case-control study","volume":"2017","author":"Akarsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2022-000697","article-title":"Depression, stigma and social isolation: the psychosocial trifecta of primary chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, a cross-sectional and path analysis","volume":"9","author":"Drenkard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib36","article-title":"Depression and cardiovascular diseases","author":"Shiga","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09948.x","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus is prevalent throughout the year: vitamin D deficiency in CLE","volume":"163","author":"Heine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.11.1159","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the United States: data from the third national health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"167","author":"Martins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40930","article-title":"2019 European League against rheumatism\/American College of rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"71","author":"Aringer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396423002049?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396423002049?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T19:24:42Z","timestamp":1762457082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352396423002049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S2352396423002049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-3964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cutaneous lupus erythematosus is associated with an increased risk of cardiac and vascular diseases: a large-scale, propensity-matched global retrospective cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eBioMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104639","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104639"}}